Electronics for Gas Detectors Sorin Martoiu, CERN 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected].
Download
Report
Transcript Electronics for Gas Detectors Sorin Martoiu, CERN 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected].
Electronics for Gas Detectors
Sorin Martoiu, CERN
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
1
Electronics for Gas Detectors
IONIZATION
DRIFT
MULTIPLICATION
READOUT
AMPLIFICATION
PROCESSING
FEATURE EXTRACTION
EVENT CORRELATION
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
2
Electronics for Gas Detectors
Low noise (0.1 ~ 1 ke)
High channel count
(up to millions of ch)
Discharge protection
Radiation hardness
signal range = 10 .. 1000 kesignal width = 5 .. 200ns
negative or positive polarity
…
06/11/2015
Electronics
Electronics
for for
GasGas
Detectors/RD51
Detectors,
Electronics
[email protected]
School, [email protected]
Rate capability
Efficiency
Data Bandwidth
Spatial resolution
Temporal resolution
Energy resolution
3
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
4
Parasitic Capacitances
~ 0.1..1 pF/cm
C
0Wstrip Lstrip
hstrip mesh
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
5
Noise
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
6
Noise Optimization
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
7
MOS Preamplifier Example
ENC in Ai S
2
2
S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2
S
S f Af (CD Cg ) 2
Shaper coefficients
Bias resistor + bleeder …
MOS transconductance
g m 2Cox
W
I DS
L
Technology parameters
Power consumption
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
8
detector capacitance
Current Noise
ENC in Ai S
2
2
S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2
S
S f Af (CD Cg )
Sw
2
W
I DS
L with
Noise increases
shaping time
White Noise
gm
1/f Noise
900.0
ENC vs. Cd (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id =
900.0
2mA)
1000.0
ENCi
800.0
800.0
ENCw
700.0
ENCf
700.0
ENC
600.0
ENCi
500.0
ENCw
ENC
600.0
ENC
2Cox
detector capacitance
* TSMC 0.35um data from the web
ENC vs. Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u;
Id = 2m; Cd = 20pF)
8 KT
3 gm
500.0
400.0
400.0
300.0
300.0
200.0
200.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
000E+0
50E-9
100E-9
150E-9
200E-9
0.0
000.E+0
ENCf
ENC
10.E-12
30.E-12
40.E-12
Cd
ts
06/11/2015
20.E-12
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
9
detector capacitance
Current Noise
ENC in Ai S
2
2
S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2
S
S f Af (CD Cg )
Sw
2
shaping time
8 KT
3 gm
g m 2Cox
White Noise
1/f Noise
W
I DS
L
* TSMC 0.35um data from the web
variable shaping: 50 … 300 ns
1400.0
1100.0
1000.0
1200.0
Cd = 10pF
Cd = 20pF
Cd = 40pF
Id = 1mA
Id = 2 mA
Id = 3mA
900.0
800.0
Noise decreases
with power
ENC
ENC
1000.0
ENC vs. Id & Ts
(W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Cd = 20pF)
700.0
800.0
600.0
600.0
500.0
400.0
200.0
000.0E+0
06/11/2015
400.0
50.0E-9
100.0E-9
Ts
150.0E-9
200.0E-9
300.0
000.0E+0
50.0E-9
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
100.0E-9
ts
150.0E-9
200.0E-9
10
Sensitivity vs. Efficiency
Spatial
Resolution
detector capacitance
Current Noise
Detector
Capacitance
ENC 2 in Ai S
2
S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2
S
S f Af (CD Cg ) 2
shaping time
Detector
Segmenta
-tion
Rate
Capability
06/11/2015
Electronic
Noise
White Noise
1/f Noise
Sensitivity
Efficiency
Shaping
Time
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
11
Sensitivity vs. Power
detector capacitance
Detector
Capacitance
ENC 2 in Ai S
2
S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2
S
S f Af (CD Cg ) 2
Sw
Detector
Segment
a-tion
Sensitivity
Power
Electroni
c Noise
8 KT
3 gm
g m 2Cox
W
I DS
L
Power
Consum
p-tion
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
12
How do I readout all channels?
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
13
Front-End Architecture
Waveform sampling
other channels
Pipeline
Preamp
Shaper
Signal
processing
+
ADC
other channels
Self-triggered channel
Shaper 1
Feature
extraction
Shaper 2
Hit
detection
Preamp
23/11/2009
06/11/2015
Timestamp
Feature 1
Feature 2
Memory
RAM/
Analog
ADC
other channels
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
14
14
APV25
MUX gain
50ns – 160ns*
128:1
Differential
MUX
current
output amp
inverter
pipeline
preamp
APSP
shaper
192 time-samples
Waveform sampling
Preamp
Shaper
(Analog)
Signal
Processing
S/H
analog serializer
other channels
Pipeline
+
ADC
other channels
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
15
APV25
MUX gain
50ns – 160ns*
128:1
Differential
MUX
current
output amp
inverter
pipeline
preamp
APSP
shaper
192 time-samples/max 30 readout
S/H
analog serializer
25ns x 128ch
3.5us
06/11/2015
Max rate(th) = 280kHz / nr_samples
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
16
APV Analog Serial Frame
Analogue data (128 channel samples)
sync pulses
06/11/2015
headers
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
17
What front-end do I choose?
A little more data bandwidth if I use more
outputs in parallel …
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
18
BEETLE
160 time-samples
max 16 samples readout
4x outputs (A/D)
(more bandwidth)
Fast-OR output
for triggering
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
19
What front-end do I choose?
How can I go faster?
Is ADC resolution really necessary for my application
or I can live with just one bit?
Ex. Tracking detectors
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
20
VFAT – Binary readout
256 samples
128 events
• No more analog information
• Faster readout
• More bandwidth
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
21
What front-end do I choose?
What do I do if I have very high events rates?
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
22
VMM (BNL)
?
• Data driven system
• No sampling clock
• Self triggered
• Natural zero-suppression
• Feature extraction
Shaper 1
Feature
extraction
Shaper 2
Hit
detection
Preamp
06/11/2015
Timestamp
Feature 1
Feature 2
Memory
RAM/
Analog
ADC
other channels
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
23
Other
Pixel readout - TIMEPIX
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
24
SRS Hybrids
Power LDOs
HDMI connector
Discharge
protection
Standard RD51
sensor connector
Front-End Chip
standard RD51 connector
discharge protection
micro-HDMI
clk & trg
data links
dcs (I2C)
industry-ready design
purchase through CERN store
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
25
SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
26
SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection
Samtec MMCX
coax connector
06/11/2015
GND connection (< 2mohm)
middle pin can be used for power
mechanical connection
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
27
New Hybrids
BEETLE Hybrid
06/11/2015
Rad-tol CPLD
Comparator OR/MUX
Clk & Trg decode
Work in progress
VFAT2 Hybrid
Optional stacking conn. for cable-less
connection
Power option via MMCX connectors
First prototypes foreseen for Aug-Sep
2012
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
28
Scalability Concept
System Size (small)
on-detector
off-detector
1Gb Ethernet
06/11/2015
Front-end
Adapter
Card
(FEC)
FE
ASIC
FE
ASIC
Chip-link
(HDMI, fiber, …)
FE
ASIC
DETECTOR
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
29
Muon Tomography (Florida)
MAMMA Beamtest (CERN)
Scalability Concept
System Size (medium)
1Gb Ethernet
on-detector
off-detector
Network Switch
Front-end
Adapter
Card
(FEC)
FE
ASIC
06/11/2015
Front-end
Adapter
Card
(FEC)
FE
ASIC
FE
ASIC
DETECTOR
FE
ASIC
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
30
Scalability Concept
System Size (large)
1/10/40.. Gb Ethernet
(opt. DDL/S-Link/…)
Scalable
on-detector
off-detector
Readout
Unit (SRU)
ATCA-SRS
DTC Link
(Data,Trigger&Control)
Eurocrate
Front-end
Adapter
Card (FEC)
FE
ASIC
FE
ASIC
Front-end
Adapter
Card (FEC)
FE
ASIC
Front-end
Adapter
Card (FEC)
FE
ASIC
FE
ASIC
FE
ASIC
DETECTOR Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
06/11/2015
Electronics School, [email protected]
31
Scalability Concept
Application
Scalable
Readout
Unit (SRU)
Front-end
(FPGA) card
Adapter Card
• ADC / digital / optical /…
on-detector
off-detector
Eurocrate
Front-end
Card
(FEC)
Front-end
Card
(FEC)
Front-end
Card
(FEC)
Front-end
Adapter
Card 1
Front-end
Adapter
Card 2
Front-end
Adapter
Card 3
FE
ASIC
1
FE
ASIC
1
FE
ASIC
2
DETECTOR 1
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
FE
ASIC
2
FE
ASIC
3
FE
ASIC
3
DETECTOR 2
32
SRS – Digital Processing
App Slow Control
Readout Control
FE Card
Data
Packet
Interface Processor Builder
Application Layer
(Reconfigurable partition*)
DTC
Link
Ethernet Core
SC BUS
Clock Unit
Test & Init
SC Core
System SC
Data path
Monitoring
System Layer
(Fixed partition)
• Signal processing
• Zero-suppression
• Feature extraction
• Packet/Event builder
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
33
SRS Overview
Chip-links
• HDMI
- analog (APV/Beetle)
- digital (VFAT/Beetle)
• optical (GBT. …)
•…
Front-end adapter
(FE-specific)
• ADC card
• digital FE card (VFAT)
• GBT receiver
•…
06/11/2015
Front-end FPGA card
(SRS standard)
modular firmware:
•SRS control
•application specific
Chip Carriers
Slave Maste Singl
e
r
On-detector
front-end
hybrids
• APV25
• VFAT
• BEETLE
•…
to SRU
(large-size system)
DTC
GbE
to DAQ (small/
medium size system)
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
34
Thank you!
06/11/2015
Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51
Electronics School, [email protected]
35