Electronics for Gas Detectors Sorin Martoiu, CERN 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected].
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Electronics for Gas Detectors Sorin Martoiu, CERN 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 1 Electronics for Gas Detectors IONIZATION DRIFT MULTIPLICATION READOUT AMPLIFICATION PROCESSING FEATURE EXTRACTION EVENT CORRELATION 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 2 Electronics for Gas Detectors Low noise (0.1 ~ 1 ke) High channel count (up to millions of ch) Discharge protection Radiation hardness signal range = 10 .. 1000 kesignal width = 5 .. 200ns negative or positive polarity … 06/11/2015 Electronics Electronics for for GasGas Detectors/RD51 Detectors, Electronics [email protected] School, [email protected] Rate capability Efficiency Data Bandwidth Spatial resolution Temporal resolution Energy resolution 3 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 4 Parasitic Capacitances ~ 0.1..1 pF/cm C 0Wstrip Lstrip hstrip mesh 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 5 Noise 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 6 Noise Optimization 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 7 MOS Preamplifier Example ENC in Ai S 2 2 S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2 S S f Af (CD Cg ) 2 Shaper coefficients Bias resistor + bleeder … MOS transconductance g m 2Cox W I DS L Technology parameters Power consumption 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 8 detector capacitance Current Noise ENC in Ai S 2 2 S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2 S S f Af (CD Cg ) Sw 2 W I DS L with Noise increases shaping time White Noise gm 1/f Noise 900.0 ENC vs. Cd (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 900.0 2mA) 1000.0 ENCi 800.0 800.0 ENCw 700.0 ENCf 700.0 ENC 600.0 ENCi 500.0 ENCw ENC 600.0 ENC 2Cox detector capacitance * TSMC 0.35um data from the web ENC vs. Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 2m; Cd = 20pF) 8 KT 3 gm 500.0 400.0 400.0 300.0 300.0 200.0 200.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 000E+0 50E-9 100E-9 150E-9 200E-9 0.0 000.E+0 ENCf ENC 10.E-12 30.E-12 40.E-12 Cd ts 06/11/2015 20.E-12 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 9 detector capacitance Current Noise ENC in Ai S 2 2 S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2 S S f Af (CD Cg ) Sw 2 shaping time 8 KT 3 gm g m 2Cox White Noise 1/f Noise W I DS L * TSMC 0.35um data from the web variable shaping: 50 … 300 ns 1400.0 1100.0 1000.0 1200.0 Cd = 10pF Cd = 20pF Cd = 40pF Id = 1mA Id = 2 mA Id = 3mA 900.0 800.0 Noise decreases with power ENC ENC 1000.0 ENC vs. Id & Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Cd = 20pF) 700.0 800.0 600.0 600.0 500.0 400.0 200.0 000.0E+0 06/11/2015 400.0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 Ts 150.0E-9 200.0E-9 300.0 000.0E+0 50.0E-9 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 100.0E-9 ts 150.0E-9 200.0E-9 10 Sensitivity vs. Efficiency Spatial Resolution detector capacitance Current Noise Detector Capacitance ENC 2 in Ai S 2 S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2 S S f Af (CD Cg ) 2 shaping time Detector Segmenta -tion Rate Capability 06/11/2015 Electronic Noise White Noise 1/f Noise Sensitivity Efficiency Shaping Time Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 11 Sensitivity vs. Power detector capacitance Detector Capacitance ENC 2 in Ai S 2 S w Aw (CD Cg ) 2 S S f Af (CD Cg ) 2 Sw Detector Segment a-tion Sensitivity Power Electroni c Noise 8 KT 3 gm g m 2Cox W I DS L Power Consum p-tion 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 12 How do I readout all channels? 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 13 Front-End Architecture Waveform sampling other channels Pipeline Preamp Shaper Signal processing + ADC other channels Self-triggered channel Shaper 1 Feature extraction Shaper 2 Hit detection Preamp 23/11/2009 06/11/2015 Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2 Memory RAM/ Analog ADC other channels Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 14 14 APV25 MUX gain 50ns – 160ns* 128:1 Differential MUX current output amp inverter pipeline preamp APSP shaper 192 time-samples Waveform sampling Preamp Shaper (Analog) Signal Processing S/H analog serializer other channels Pipeline + ADC other channels 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 15 APV25 MUX gain 50ns – 160ns* 128:1 Differential MUX current output amp inverter pipeline preamp APSP shaper 192 time-samples/max 30 readout S/H analog serializer 25ns x 128ch 3.5us 06/11/2015 Max rate(th) = 280kHz / nr_samples Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 16 APV Analog Serial Frame Analogue data (128 channel samples) sync pulses 06/11/2015 headers Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 17 What front-end do I choose? A little more data bandwidth if I use more outputs in parallel … 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 18 BEETLE 160 time-samples max 16 samples readout 4x outputs (A/D) (more bandwidth) Fast-OR output for triggering 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 19 What front-end do I choose? How can I go faster? Is ADC resolution really necessary for my application or I can live with just one bit? Ex. Tracking detectors 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 20 VFAT – Binary readout 256 samples 128 events • No more analog information • Faster readout • More bandwidth 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 21 What front-end do I choose? What do I do if I have very high events rates? 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 22 VMM (BNL) ? • Data driven system • No sampling clock • Self triggered • Natural zero-suppression • Feature extraction Shaper 1 Feature extraction Shaper 2 Hit detection Preamp 06/11/2015 Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2 Memory RAM/ Analog ADC other channels Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 23 Other Pixel readout - TIMEPIX 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 24 SRS Hybrids Power LDOs HDMI connector Discharge protection Standard RD51 sensor connector Front-End Chip standard RD51 connector discharge protection micro-HDMI clk & trg data links dcs (I2C) industry-ready design purchase through CERN store 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 25 SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 26 SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection Samtec MMCX coax connector 06/11/2015 GND connection (< 2mohm) middle pin can be used for power mechanical connection Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 27 New Hybrids BEETLE Hybrid 06/11/2015 Rad-tol CPLD Comparator OR/MUX Clk & Trg decode Work in progress VFAT2 Hybrid Optional stacking conn. for cable-less connection Power option via MMCX connectors First prototypes foreseen for Aug-Sep 2012 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 28 Scalability Concept System Size (small) on-detector off-detector 1Gb Ethernet 06/11/2015 Front-end Adapter Card (FEC) FE ASIC FE ASIC Chip-link (HDMI, fiber, …) FE ASIC DETECTOR Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 29 Muon Tomography (Florida) MAMMA Beamtest (CERN) Scalability Concept System Size (medium) 1Gb Ethernet on-detector off-detector Network Switch Front-end Adapter Card (FEC) FE ASIC 06/11/2015 Front-end Adapter Card (FEC) FE ASIC FE ASIC DETECTOR FE ASIC Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 30 Scalability Concept System Size (large) 1/10/40.. Gb Ethernet (opt. DDL/S-Link/…) Scalable on-detector off-detector Readout Unit (SRU) ATCA-SRS DTC Link (Data,Trigger&Control) Eurocrate Front-end Adapter Card (FEC) FE ASIC FE ASIC Front-end Adapter Card (FEC) FE ASIC Front-end Adapter Card (FEC) FE ASIC FE ASIC FE ASIC DETECTOR Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 06/11/2015 Electronics School, [email protected] 31 Scalability Concept Application Scalable Readout Unit (SRU) Front-end (FPGA) card Adapter Card • ADC / digital / optical /… on-detector off-detector Eurocrate Front-end Card (FEC) Front-end Card (FEC) Front-end Card (FEC) Front-end Adapter Card 1 Front-end Adapter Card 2 Front-end Adapter Card 3 FE ASIC 1 FE ASIC 1 FE ASIC 2 DETECTOR 1 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] FE ASIC 2 FE ASIC 3 FE ASIC 3 DETECTOR 2 32 SRS – Digital Processing App Slow Control Readout Control FE Card Data Packet Interface Processor Builder Application Layer (Reconfigurable partition*) DTC Link Ethernet Core SC BUS Clock Unit Test & Init SC Core System SC Data path Monitoring System Layer (Fixed partition) • Signal processing • Zero-suppression • Feature extraction • Packet/Event builder 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 33 SRS Overview Chip-links • HDMI - analog (APV/Beetle) - digital (VFAT/Beetle) • optical (GBT. …) •… Front-end adapter (FE-specific) • ADC card • digital FE card (VFAT) • GBT receiver •… 06/11/2015 Front-end FPGA card (SRS standard) modular firmware: •SRS control •application specific Chip Carriers Slave Maste Singl e r On-detector front-end hybrids • APV25 • VFAT • BEETLE •… to SRU (large-size system) DTC GbE to DAQ (small/ medium size system) Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 34 Thank you! 06/11/2015 Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51 Electronics School, [email protected] 35