Transcript Nanotechnology: A Journey to the “Nano World” Mauris De Silva, PhD Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research.

Nanotechnology:
A Journey to the “Nano World”
Mauris De Silva, PhD
Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research
What is Nanotechnology?
The Scale of Things – Nanometers and More
Things Natural
Things Manmade
10-2 m
Ant
~ 5 mm
Dust mite
200 mm
10-4 m
Red blood cells
(~7-8 mm)
The Challenge
1,000,000 nanometers =
1 millimeter (mm)
MicroElectroMechanical
(MEMS) devices
10 -100 mm wide
0.1 mm
100 mm
O
-5
10 m
0.01 mm
10 mm
Infrared
Fly ash
~ 10-20 mm
Microworld
Human hair
~ 60-120 mm wide
Head of a pin
1-2 mm
Microwave
10-3 m
1 cm
10 mm
1,000 nanometers =
1 micrometer (mm)
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Zone plate x-ray “lens”
Outer ring spacing ~35 nm
Visible
10-6 m
Pollen grain
Red blood cells
P
O
~10 nm diameter
ATP synthase
0.1 mm
100 nm
Ultraviolet
Nanoworld
10-7 m
10-8 m
Fabricate and combine
nanoscale building
blocks to make useful
devices, e.g., a
photosynthetic reaction
center with integral
semiconductor storage.
0.01 mm
10 nm
Self-assembled,
Nature-inspired structure
Many 10s of nm
Nanotube electrode
10-9 m
Soft x-ray
1 nanometer (nm)
DNA
~2-1/2 nm diameter
Atoms of silicon
spacing 0.078 nm
10-10 m
0.1 nm
Quantum corral of 48 iron atoms on copper surface
positioned one at a time with an STM tip
Corral diameter 14 nm
Carbon
buckyball
~1 nm
diameter
Carbon nanotube
~1.3 nm diameter
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
Office of Science, U.S. DOE
Version 05-26-06, pmd
10-2 m
What is
Nanotechnology?
10-4 m
0.1 mm
100 mm
10-5 m
0.01 mm
10 mm
Infrared
Microworld
Microwave
1,000,000 nanometers =
1 millimeter (mm)
1,000 nanometers =
1 micrometer (mm)
Visible
10-6 m
0.1 mm
100 nm
Ultraviolet
10-7 m
10-8 m
0.01 mm
10 nm
10-9 m
1 nanometer (nm)
Soft x-ray
Nanoworld
Involves research to discover
new behaviors and properties of
materials with dimensions range
roughly from 1 to 100
nanometers
10-3 m
1 cm
10 mm
10-10 m
0.1 nm
What’s Special About Nanoscale?
•
Materials have larger surface areas than
similar volume of larger-scale materials
•
Materials Have Different properties at the
Nanoscale
•
•
•
•
•
Better at conducting electricity or heat
Some are stronger
Some have different magnetic properties
Some reflect light better
Some change colors as the size is changed
Size and Shape Matters
Change of Color with Change of Size/Shape
http://www.discovernano.northwestern.edu/whatis/index_html/sizematters_html
Natural
Nanoscale Materials
and
Nanoeffects
http://www.nanopicoftheday.org/2004pics/April20
04/Superhydrophobia.htm
http://www.nanoshop.com/listing/
83/Lotusan_self_cleaning_paint.
html
http://blog.nanovic.com.au/2007/01/17/quick-drying-umbrella/
Nanosystems in Living Cells
http://www.studiodaily.com/main/technique/tprojects/6850.html
Energy
•
•
•
•
Generation
Storage
Conversion
Transportation
BioMolecular Nano-Motor
(ATPase Molecular Motor)
http://lamp.tu-graz.ac.at/~hadley/nanoscience/week4/4.html
Nanotechnology
Applications and Products
Nanoparticles
• Organic Nanostructures
• Inorganic Nanostructures
Carbon Nanotubes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Kohlenstoffnanoroehre_Animation.gif
Improve Material Strength
Improved Energy and Electronic Devices
http://sentientwave.blogspot.com/2007/08/researchersinvented-paper-thin-battery.html
Nanotechnology on the Catwalk
Functional Clothing
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=3153026&page=1
NANOTECHNOLOGY
For
Medical Diagnostics, Imaging
and Therapeutics
(NANOMEDICINE)
Research Areas
• Physical properties
– material, size, purity, reproducibility
• Biocompatibility and Biopharmeceutics
– biological interfacial reactions, duration of exposure
• Biodegradation and Clearance
– method of degradation, toxicity of degradation products
• Surface Functionality
– Specific biological recognition and targeting to disease
• Multifunctionality
– Imaging and therapeutic nanosystems
Lab on a Chip
http://www.sandia.gov/media/Ne
wsRel/NR2000/labchip.htm
www.agilent.com
http://www.physorg.com/news87229131.html
Micro- and Nanofluidics
Bio-separation and Integrate Interfaces
Ex: Mass Spectroscope
www.agilent.com
J. Leukocyte Biology, V78, P585, 2005
Imaging with Nanoparticles
Size, Shape, and Composition Matters
http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/CA.2007.0003v1
http://chemgroups.northwestern.edu/mirkingroup
Traumatic Brain Injury
http://www.behavioralhealth.army.mil
Computer-Aided Maxillofacial Prosthetics
(C.A.M.P.)
Traumatic Brain Injury
FOLLOWING SLIDE
CONTAINS IMAGES OF A
BRAIN SURGERY
Before Placing Implant
a
After Placing Implant
a
p
p
Before
After
Nanotechnology for Targeted Drug Delivery
Traditional
Drugs
Nanoparticles
J. Leukocyte Biology, V78, P585, 2005
Nanoparticles
Antibiotic
Career Opportunities
in
Nanotechnology
NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK
(NNIN)
http://www.nnin.org/
National Labs
http://www.science.doe.gov/National_Laboratories/
Department of Energy
http://www.er.doe.gov/Sub/Newsroom/News_Releases/DOE-SC/2006/nano/index.htm
Department of Defense
(DoD)
http://www.nano.gov/
Conclusions I
• Nanotechnology involves research to discover
new behaviors and properties of materials with
dimensions range roughly from 1 to 100
nanometers
• Materials have different properties at nanoscale
compared to same material in bulk
• We can learn nano-properties and nano-effects
from Nature
Conclusions II
• Nanotechnology helps improve quality of
manmade things and has many applications in
Medicine
• Academic and government institutions are
great places to do nanotechnology related work
Acknowledgements
Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research
CAPT A. Dale Ehrlich, DC USN
CAPT Steven L. Sidoff, DC USN
CDR Stephen T. Schultz, DDS, MS, MPH, PhD
Patty Fu, PhD
Karen O’Connor, PhD
National Naval Medical Center
CAPT Gerald Grant, DC USN
Miami Science Museum
Lucia Enriconi
Judes Henry
The views expressed herein are those
of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the official policy or position of
the Departments of the Navy or
Defense, nor the U.S. Government.
The use of commercially available
products does not imply endorsement.