Transcript Symposium SPACE EXPLORATION AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Washington D.C., June 21-22, 2004 Russia’s Priorities to Space Exploration and International Cooperation by Nikolai Anfimov Director General TsNIIMASH, Russia’s Federal Space Agency.

Symposium
SPACE EXPLORATION AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Washington D.C., June 21-22, 2004
Russia’s Priorities to Space
Exploration and International
Cooperation
by
Nikolai Anfimov
Director General TsNIIMASH,
Russia’s Federal Space Agency
1
Russia's space policy
Since the first years of the space era Russia pursued a policy of
extended utilization of the outer space in the interests of science and
economy and that of applied studies implementation on the basis of
international cooperation (the beginning was in 1965 with the
INTERKOSMOS program in which 10 countries participated, mainly
from the Eastern Europe). Flights of foreign astronauts aboard
Russian spacecraft and orbital stations, including MIR Station, ApolloSoyuz Test Program, international cooperation and partnership in the
ISS and in other international scientific
space programs have clearly
demonstrated Russia’s adherence
to effective models of partnership
and international cooperation.
2
Russia's space potential
Based on a tremendous
technological experience
and created space potential
Russia is in position to
undertake large-scale space
programs and initiatives.
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Orbital constellation
Number of objects - 92
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Application of space activity results:
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•defense
•socio-economical sphere
•scientific research
•international cooperation
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International cooperation in space
Russia pursues a policy on active integration
into international space projects together with
European countries, USA, Canada, Japan, China
et al.
Soyuz
22 agreements between the Russian Federal
Space Agency and European Space Agency,
national space agencies of USA, France and
many other countries have been signed and
are in force.
Rockot
INTEGRAL
Proton
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Prospect and priority areas of cosmonautics
evolution in the XXI century
 Provision of global information exchange accessible for all
people in the world.
 Optimal transportation means operation and employment.
 Solution of environment problems.
 Optimal management of the Earth natural resources.
 Reliable prediction of natural catastrophes,
primarily the earthquakes.
 Solution of large-scale extraterrestrial problems of human
survival.
 Radical cost reduction for payload launching into
the space in the intrests of extended space exploration.
 Preventing the outer space from contamination with space
debris.
 Advancement of human space flights
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Near-term space activity areas
• the ISS deployment finalization, operation and utilisation;
• establishment of a unified global international navigation
system based on integration of the GPS, GLONASS
and Galileo systems;
• extension of international cooperation in advancing and
improving the GMES integrated system on the basis of novel
technologies for the Earth remote sensing;
• extension of fundamental research efforts based on modern
space technology capabilities (within such international
programs as the INTEGRAL, Spectr, Mars-Surveyor,
Aurora, etc);
• extension of international cooperation in advancing and
improving launch vehicles and facilities (the Soyuz Kourou
program, the ATV for the ISS support operations, the
FSA-CNES cooperation program, etc.)
6
Human & Robotic Space Exploration
Soviet and Russian Space Programs
were leaning ever on combination of
robotic and human missions
The concept of the Russian Federation space program
advancement for basic space sciences in the period of
2006  2015 specifies an active participation in global space
programs and projects as well as joining the partnerships
in extending the outer space exploration as one of the primary
objectives of Russia’s international cooperation in the space
research and application areas.
7
Soviet-Russian interplanetary robotic missions
The Moon fly-buy
Back side of the Moon (photo)
Soft landing on the Moon surface
Moon soil sample return
Mars-3
Lunokhod –1,2
“Venera-9” space station
accomplished soft landing on
Venus
Mars - 96
Halley comet image
obtained with Vega-1
Phobos
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International cooperation in space
“Lotsman” project – support of the “Giotto”
rendezvous with Halley comet
1986 - European Giotto spacecraft
was expected to be 10,000 km away
from the comet instead of planned
500 km.
The ephemerid support based on
information sent back from Soviet
Vega-1, Vega-2 automatic probes and
transmitted through US radar station
would allow Giotto to home in with
great accuracy on Halley's solid heart.
Vega
Giotto
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“Phobos-Soil” interplanetary mission (2009)
Deployment of the electric propulsion module
Acceleration with the help of the electric propulsion system
Earth - Mars transfer
Separation of the electric
propulsion module
Injection into
the reference orbit
Launch
of the rocket
Rendezvous
with Phobos
LV launch
Injection into trajectory
of the Earth - Mars
transfer
Sun
Earth
Separation of the descent
module with the soil container
Landing and
soil scooping
Mars - Earth transfer
Mars
Injection into Phobos's orbit
Phobos
Separation of the
return vehicle
Injection into trajectory
of the Mars - Earth transfer
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Evolution of Mars human mission concept
(1960-2003)
Key technologies
consideration is recently
revised under the program
Mars-XXI
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Concluding Remarks
• In support of the US President’s Space Exploration Vision
it would be appropriate to underline advisability for
establishing a more extended long-term space strategy
oriented at both solution of global human problems and
implementation of President George W. Bush’s space policy
of Moon and Mars exploration.
• Such approach would comply with actual human interests
since it would establish conditions for implementing the
UN proclaimed strategy of sustained world society
advancement.
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