Transcript User-Producer Conference Water Accounting for Integrated Water Resource Management May 22 – 24, 2006 (Voorburg, the Netherlands) Arab Republic of Egypt (ARE) Ministry of.

User-Producer Conference
Water Accounting for Integrated Water Resource Management
May 22 – 24, 2006 (Voorburg, the Netherlands)
Arab Republic of Egypt (ARE)
Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI)
Integrated Irrigation Improvement & Management:
Towards an Efficient Water Management for a Sustainable
Development of Water Resources in
Egypt
Eng. YOSRY KHAFAGY
Procurement Specialist, PMU-IIIMP-MWRI
Ph.D. Candidate, Civil Engineering, Irrigation & Hydraulics
Main Pillars and Deriving forces!
Why IWRM?!
Population growth;
Ever-increasing
Population
Led
to
Increasing Pressure on Water&Land
Resources
 Water Scarcity;
Limited Conventional Resources and Nonconventional Ones, while increasing Demand
 Sectors competition;
Increasing Sectors Demand (Irrigation,
Drinking, Industry, …etc.)
Food security;
Rural Poor need to withstand the limited
food availability which is mainly a water
dependent issue
Pollution & emission.
Ever-increasing water and environment
pollutants destroy the main elements in the
food-chain
Cost of new resources;
Lack of available financial resources
required for new resources investments.
Population Growth (Million)
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Population Growth (
-
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Per-Capita Water Allocation
Per-Capita Water Allocation (1000 m3)
EGYPT: Population Growth & Per-Capita Water Allocation
1897 - 2050
Population Growth (Million)
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Population Growth (
-
)
Per-Capita Land Allocation
Per Capita Agriculture Land Allocation (Fed)
EGYPT: Population Growth & Per-Capita Land Allocation
1897 - 2050
Current and Future Water Resources Availability
Demand:  Agriculture (84.5%)
Dinking (6%)
Industry (9.5%)
Nile Water
57.5 - 55.5
Resources:
Rains and Floods
1.5 – 1.0
Current (BCM)
Future 2017
GW
(Deserts&Sinai)
3.5 - 1.0
Crop Pattern&IIP
4.0 + 3.0
Wastewater
2.0 - 0.7
GW
(Valley&Delta)
8.0 – 6.5
Agr. Dr. Reuse
8.5 - 5.0
Opportunities and Major Tasks!
Opportunities
Major Country Strategy Tasks
 Availability;
 Regulatory&policy framework;
 Technology;
 Integrated Planning;
 ± ve Impact on:
-Natural resources;
 Efficient Economic mechanisms;
-Environment; and
-Public health.
Sustainability.
 Introduction to PPP approach;
 Raising Awareness/Maintain convincing;
 Decentralization & Participation; and
 Bridging research and Practice.
Needs Assessments for Sustainable Use
Requirements?
Accommodation!
Standards &
Guidelines
Appropriate
Technology
Monitoring &
Evaluation
Operational
Rules
Law
Enforcement
Awareness/
Convince
At
Abstraction
During
Delivery
At
End User
IWRM Action Plan
 Tackling fragmented water service delivery concerns ;
 Empowering water users for participation in the
planning and implementation process;
 Facilitating greater private sector
irrigation and drainage infrastructure;
investments
in
 Redefining the role of public agencies through
Integrated Irrigation Management.
Current Setting of MWRI Institutions (Fragmentized)
Other Min.
MWRI: MED
EPAD
ID
Sectors
Nile
Central Directorates
C.D
C.D
C.D
Regions
General Directorates
G.D
G.D
G.D
Main canal
Ins
Ins
Ins
Inspectorates
Several BCs
Districts
Dist
Dist
Dist
BCs/Meskas
Farmers /
Water Users
F / WUs
F / WUs
Marwas/Plots
Approached Setting of MWRI Institutions (Integrated)
Top
Responsabilization
Empowerment
Up
Bottom
IWMD Adv. Com.
Dist. WBOs
BC WUAs
WUAs
Farmers /WUs
Central Government
CDs/GDs
Reg Mgt Com
Integrated WM
Districts
Nile
Delegation
Decentralization
SUBSIDIARITY
+ PARTNERSHIPS
= INTEGRATED PLANNING
& MANAGEMENT
Down
Main canal
Several BCs
BC
Meska
Marwas/Plots
MWRI’s Endeavors Towards IWRM
Endeavors
 Introduction of (PIM) approach: Water Boards Project (WBP),
 Introduction of Irrigation Improvement Projects (IIPs);
 Introduction of Pump Stations Rehabilitation Projects (PSRPs);
 Introduction of National Drainage Projects (NDPs);
 Introduction of Agricultural Policy Reform Project (APRP);
 Life Integrated Water Resources Management Project (LIFE)
 Last, but not least introduction of a new approach to Integrated
Irrigation Improvement and Management Project (IIIMP).
IIIMP Phase I: (in Nile Delta)
Target groups
MWRI Staff and Institutions, Rural poor in Nile Delta, other Stackholders
Objectives
 Ensure sustainable optimum use of water and land resources
throughout strengthening the decentralization of decision making
and users’ participation in planning, operation and maintenance
activities;
 Increase the economic return in the project command areas by
optimizing the use of available resources and improved
infrastructures;
 Broaden the saving in irrigation cost and controlling the water use
for other purposes;
 Increase the agriculture productivity, hence, increasing the farmers
income and improving the quality of life in the rural communities;
IIIMP Command Areas
Component 1:
Improved and Integrated
Water Management
 Ensure availability of proper technical structures and
procedures to support a sustainable optimization of water
resource use.
 Improve the water delivery to water users through Irrigation
and drainage networks as well as pumping stations system
upgrading and rehabilitation.
 Improve the operational and maintenance procedures as
critical requirements to ensure the cost-effectiveness and
sustainability of the investments.
Component 2:
Institutional Development
and Capacity Building
 Empower water users through organizations that allow them
to solve their internal disputes, assess their needs and priorities
and consolidate them so that they can more easily be taken into
 Simultaneously, a transfer of responsibilities can be
considered so as to let water users deal with local issues and let
managers focus on higher scale issues.
 This process combines empowerment and responsabilization
of water users: they are no longer beneficiaries or recipients but
actors within a process
Component 3:
Project Management,
Coordination and Integration
 Regulatory Framework : Integrated cooperative managerial
schemes to be set up among MWRI entities and other pertinent
agencies.
 Cross-sectoral coordination: ensures appropriate technical, social,
environmental, and economic conditions, Limits duplication and
contradiction among various agencies.
 Decentralization : proper regulatory and policy framework in
order to guide local decision-makers at most lowest appropriate level.
 Participation : involvement of water users whose needs and
priorities have to be properly identified and addressed for effective
results. can significantly improve management practices and reduce
costs.
Component 4:
Environmental
Mainstreaming
 Looks into the environmental impacts of the project. The
objective is to identify and mitigate those while also looking at
how the project can contribute to improving environmental
conditions in general (and notably water quality issues).
 The overall environmental impact of the IIIMP is expected
to be positive, leading to improved land and water
management.
 environmental management plan (EMP) to be addressed
main environmental issues and significant impacts: i. the
uncontrolled discharge of sewage into irrigation and drainage systems, with
corresponding impacts on public health, ii. the improper disposal of solid
wastes into irrigation and drainage canals.
Component 5:
On-Farm Water
Management
Objective: Improved Water Use
Consideration is to be given to development &
implementation of comprehensive pilot on-farm
integrated water management and agricultural
programs, aimed at providing farmers with
relevant and practical demonstrations of better
practices to maximize benefits resulting from
introduction of improved operational flow
regimes and other system improvements
 Proposed techniques of on-farm development
I. Technology Transfer: Introduction of improved
irrigation and agronomic technologies to farmers
aiming at reducing water losses, irrigating more
uniformly, thus increasing yields & returns
II. Marketing: Provision of market information to farmers’
to maximize returns (e.g. more informed crop
selection, shift to higher value crops)
III.Contribution to adoption of irrigation improvement:
Assisting in implementation of irrigation improvement
program by contributing to farmers’ awareness about
benefits of irrigation improvement
Water allocation Mechanisms and Methodologies
Water Allocation Procedures at National Level
 Along Nile Valley and Main Canals System;
Information needs assessments:
August
Hydrological yearly
allocation plan
- Cropping Pattern in different areas;
- Climatic conditions; and
- Expected water demands.
National yearly allocation Plan to be adjusted
during implementation through information
(crop Pattern&demand/15 days)
August-September
Planned releases from
HAD to reach Delta (10
days), when filled with
yearly floods
September-October
National yearly allocation
Plan
Allocation to each main canal (mostly allocates a
proportional distribution to each main command area).
Considering:
- Climate;
- Secondary sources
1- drainage re-use
2- GW
Winter Quota/CA
10 m3/fed/day
Summer Quota/CA
40 m3/fed/day
Yearly average quota
30 m3/fed/day
Modernization of the
National Allocation yearly
plan through Computerized
system
=
Matching Supply and
Demand Program
The so called,
(MISD)
Two
seasons
in
the
cropping cycle:
Summer season:
May to August-September
Winter season:
September-October to April
M&E Model of IWMD
Two-category Indicators
Implementation Indicators
Outcome Indicators
IWMD Established
Quality of Irrigation Service
Data-based Management
Equity of Water Distribution
BCWUAs Participating
Value of Agricultural output
1:
Quality of Irrigation Service
Baseline values will assess future changes in pilot IWMD
Project-wide baseline values are a data availability dependent
1.1
Number of Complaints
1.2:Actual and Target District Inflows
District Target Water Allocation is provided each 15-daily
period during the irrigation year (semi-monthly).
Inflow and outflow structures are to be calibrated for
computing the actual flow delivered to the district
Ratio of actual and target allocation values are to be
determined in both summer and winter seasons.
Share of No. of 15-daily periods for which supply matched
target within ±10% is to be computed.
1.3:Farmers Satisfaction
Client satisfaction surveys should provide information on
farmer satisfaction in both summer and winter seasons. (survey
shows that 72 and 94% of farmers are satisfied in Summer and
Winter respectively, hence, efficient water management.
1.4:Rotations
Rotating irrigation service among branch canals is one of the
most important tools managers have, of allocating available
water.
Rotating irrigation service should be officially set up.
the Main concern of IWMDs is to adjust and customize
rotations as they attempt to save water and improve the quality
of irrigation service to farmer.
Degree of correspondence between planned and actual
rotation patterns require better data before they can be
computed.
2:
Equity of Water Distribution
Relative Water Supply
among IWMDS
Not responding, due to the
unavailability of data
Group 1:
Easy to supply with water
Equity among Branch
Canals (Equity Index)
Group 2:
Moderate to supply with Water
Group 3:
Difficult to supply with water
Equity along Branch
Canals (ESI)
ESI = Satisfaction in head
(upper-third)/satisfaction in tail
(lower-third)
BCWUAs assume increased
responsibility for WD
3:
Value of Agricultural Output
It is subjected to many influences beyond the
quality of irrigation service
In Summer = LE 4.441 / Fed
In Winter = LE 3.803 / Fed
Output per Unit Land
Outcomes of the
Investments
They may not be very
sensitive to changes
in quality of irrigation
service. They should
be examined at a
large scale.
Output per Unit Water
In Summer = LE 0.57 – 3.34 / CM
In Winter = LE 0.25 – 2.76 / CM
Rationalization
IWMD Model can achieve!
Subsidiarity: (vertical integration) “decision-taking at
lowest possible level”
- framework, procedures & enforcing them
- expertise/technical support/implementation capacity
Geographic integration: (horizontal integration)
“hydrological boundaries”
O&M integration: regrouping of all I&D and WRM
responsibilities
Planning & implementation integration: IWMD = focal
point/partner for all P&I activities
Achievements
BENEFICIARY
OUTCOMES
Irrigation Sector  Water saving of about 830
MCM/Year.
Possibility of using the saved
water with a value of 5500
CM/fed/year for cultivating
about 145000 fed of high-cash
crops.
BENEFICIARY
Irrigation
Improvement
and Agriculture
Sector
OUTCOMES
Operation cost will be reduced to about
50% together with improving the water
management at secondary, tertiary, and
quaternary levels as a result of pump
electrification.
 Increase the efficiency of field irrigation
from 45% to 60% which means saving in
irrigation water (500 MCM/year).
 Add new agriculture land as a result of
changing from open meska system
improvement to a buried pipeline ones
(achieve an annual return of about
(US$1350/fed/year).
 Increase the main conventional summer
and winter crops by about 12% as a result
of the continuous flow application which
insures a daily continual water demand per
fed of about 30 CM/fed/day.
BENEFICIARY
Drainage Sector
OUTCOMES
Improve the drainage conditions as a
result of introducing modified drainage
system at field level. This will improve the
crop pattern other than rice which are
cultivated beside rice (expected increase in
cotton price = US$110/fed) achieving an
incremental of the annual return of about
MUS$ 8).
 Saving a water volume of about
2500CM/fed/season in case of cultivating
the short-period life-time span rice. (in case
of cultivating 50% of the improved 103,000
fed with this kind of rice, the water saving
will be 125 to 130 MCM/rice season.
BENEFICIARY
OUTCOMES
Users
Organization
 Undertaking the responsibilities of O&M
at tertiary level by WUAs will result in
saving their cost which was evaluated as
US$ 2.5/fed. Expected saving /year =
MUS$0.5/year).
 Reduce the violations of rice cultivation.
Environment
sector
 Reduction in the deteriorated value of
agriculture
land
(form
US$90
to
US$45/fed/year) as a result of water
quality improvement to be maintained with
the project implementation.
 World Bank 2004, (agriculture land
degradation due to –ve environmental
impact resulting from deteriorated water
quality is count to 1% of the overall GDP).
Thank You and Wish You
a Fruitful Conference