UC Santa Cruz Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist www.citris.berkeley.edu.
Download ReportTranscript UC Santa Cruz Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist www.citris.berkeley.edu.
UC Santa Cruz
Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society
Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist www.citris.berkeley.edu
C
enter For
I
nformation
T
echnology
R
esearch In The
I
nterest Of
S
ociety
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” –Margaret Mead
Major new initiative within the College of Engineering and on the Berkeley Campus Joint with UC Davis, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, LBNL, LLNL Over 90 faculty from 21 departments Many industrial partners Significant State and private support CITRIS will focus on IT solutions to tough, quality-of-life related problems
Outline
Scientific Agenda Overview Applications, Systems, Foundations
Hardware and Software Building Blocks Sensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, Clusters
Organizational Building Blocks New personnel and facilities Affiliated research centers and activities
Financial Building Blocks Industrial partners, funding
Current grants Putting the Social into CITRIS Smart Energy – one application in detail Next steps
Scientific Agenda Overview
Technology Invention in a Social Context
:
Quality of Life Impact
Energy Efficiency Transportation Planning Monitoring Health Care
Technology Invention in a Social Context
:
Quality of Life Impact
Education Land and Environment Disaster Response
The CITRIS Model
Core Technologies
• Micro sensors/actuators • Human-Comp Interaction • Prototype Deployment
Societal-Scale Information Systems (SIS) Applications
• Initially Leverage Existing
Expertise on campuses Foundations
• Reliablity • Availability • Security, • Algorithms • Social, policy issues
Initial CITRIS Applications (1)
Saving Energy
Smart Buildings that adjust to inhabitants Make energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricing Large potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildings
Turning down heat, lights saves up to $55B/year, 35M tons C emission/year
30% of $45B/year energy bill is from “broken systems” Transportation Systems
Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution Improve carpooling efficiency using advanced scheduling Improve freeway utilization by managing traffic flows Large potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CA
15 minutes/commuter/day => $15B/year in wages $600M/year in trucking costs, 150K gallons of fuel/day Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise)
$100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths Monitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disaster Provide efficient, personalized responses Must function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstances
Initial CITRIS Applications (2)
Distributed Biomonitoring
Wristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderly Monitored remotely 24x7x365 Emergency response and potential remote drug delivery Cardiac Arrest
Raise out-of-hospital survival rate from 6% to 20% => save 60K lives/year Distributed Education
Smart Classrooms Lifelong Learning Center for professional education Develop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculum
CS3 by Summer 2002
Environmental Monitoring
Monitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelines
Mutual impact of urban and agricultural areas
Monitor water shed response to climate events and land use changes
Societal-Scale Systems
New System Architectures New Enabled Applications
Diverse, Connected, Physical, Virtual, Fluid
“Server” “Client”
Massive Cluster Gigabit Ethernet Clusters
Scalable, Reliable, Secure Services Information Appliances MEMS Sensors
Societal-Scale Information System (SIS)
Information Utility – Planetary-scale/non-stop; secure, reliable, high performance access, even when overloaded, down, disconnected, under repair, under attack Smart System – Learns usage/adapts functions & interfaces Managing Diversity – Component plug-and-play; integrate sensors / actuators, hand-held appliances, workstations, building-sized cluster supercomputers Always Connected – Short-range wireless nets to high-bandwidth, high latency long-haul optical backbones
Some SIS Design Research Problems
Sensor network level architecture
Culler, Pister, Rabaey, Brodersen, Boser,…
How to program, synch, maintain sensor net Service architecture for distributed systems
Katz, Joseph, Kubiatowicz, Brewer, … How to create, peer, interface services in real time Adaptive data management and query processing
Franklin, Hellerstein, … How to collect, summarize, filter, index sensor data Human centered computing
Canny, Hearst, Landay, Mankoff, Morgan, Feldman, …
How to determine and support needs of diverse users
Some Foundational Research Problems
How do we make SISs secure ?
Tygar, Wagner, Samuelson, … Lightweight authentication and digital signatures Graceful degradation after intrusion Protecting privacy, impact of related legislation How do we make SISs reliable ?
Henzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, Wagner, … Complexity => hybrid modeling Multi-aspect interfaces to reason about properties Software quality => combined static/dynamic analysis How do we make SISs available ?
Patterson, Yelick, … Repair-Centric Design Availability modeling and benchmarking Performance fault adaptation What algorithms
do we need?
Papadimitriou, Demmel, Jordan, … Algorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISs
Hardware and Software Building Blocks
Experimental Testbeds in UCB EECS
Soda Hall IBM WorkPad Velo Smart Dust Nino LCD Displays MC-16 CF788 Motorola Pagewriter 2000 Smart Classrooms Audio/Video Capture Rooms Pervasive Computing Lab CoLab Wearable Displays GSM BTS WLAN / Bluetooth Pager Network Infrastructure TCI @Home Adaptive Broadband LMDS Millennium Cluster H.323
GW Millennium Cluster CalRen/Internet2/NGI
PicoRadio
Extending the Scope and … Pushing the Envelope
Wireless node Offices Entrance Exhibits Cafe
Smart Dust
MEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/Communicators
Create a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensors Explore system design issues Provide a platform to test Dust components Use off the shelf components initially
Current One-Inch Networked Sensor
Culler, Pister
1” x 1.5” motherboard
ATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flash
900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range
Radio Signal strength control and sensing
Base-station ready
stackable expansion connector
all ports, i2c, pwr, clock…
Several sensor boards
basic protoboard
tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press)
vibrations (2d acc, temp, light)
accelerometers
magnetometers
TinyOS Approach
Stylized programming model with extensive static information
Program = graph of TOS components
TOS component = command/event interface + behavior
Rich expression of concurrency
Events propagate across many components
Tasks provide internal concurrency
Regimented storage management
Very simple implementation
For More see http://tinyos.millennium.berkeley.edu
Emerging “de facto” tiny system
Feb. 01 bootcamp
40 people UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell, Rutgers, Wash., LANL, Bosch, Accenture, Intel, crossbow
Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on “rene” node
Concurrency framework has held up well.
Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked embedded system tech (NEST) open platform
Smaller building blocks for ubicomp
Micro Flying Insect
ONR MURI/ DARPA funded Year 3 of 5 year project
Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI), Liepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, Sastry
Synthetic Insects
(Smart Dust with Legs) Goal: Make silicon walk.
•Autonomous •Articulated •Size ~ 1-10 mm •Speed ~ 1mm/s
MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC) 2010 2004 2005
MEMS Rotary Engine Power System MEMS Single Molecule Detection Systems MEMS Micro Sensor Networks (Smart Dust)
2002 2003
MEMS Immunological Sensors MEMS “Mechanical” Micro Radios
Organizational Building Blocks
CITRIS Director Prof. Ruzena Bajcsy
Distinguished engineer, member of NAE/NIM Senior professor at UPenn, with appointments in CIS, MechE, Medical School Established & ran major interdisciplinary research laboratory Major leadership & management experience in DC federal agencies—Assistant Director, CISE, NSF Served as Department Chair, 1986-1990 Highly influential among leaders of CS field and national research funding circles Strong advocate for women in technical careers
CITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities
(please send contributions!) International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human centered computing. (5 faculty, 18 students) studies Millennium Project (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable interdisciplinary research.
Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.” (14 faculty, 100 students) is a Microfabrication Laboratory resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and micro-systems.
(71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC) problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded systems using deep sub-micron technology. (23 faculty, 60 students) addresses Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low power wireless devices.
(16 faculty, 114 students) is a
CITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities
(continued)
Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) students) a new networking research center will address large emerging networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS) (20 faculty, 60 Berkeley Institute of Design (BID) design, and architecture (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary center (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study the design of software, products and living spaces based on the convergence of design practices in information technology, industrial Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) (8 faculty, 50 students) (UCD) multi-dimensional data sets.
focuses on data analysis, visualization, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale,
Applications-Related Current Activities
(please send contributions!)
Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATH California.
, (20 faculty, 70 students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in Berkeley Seismological Laboratory local governments.
(15 faculty, 14 students) operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER to safety and to the economy.
( 25 faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, NEXTOR (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.
Applications-Related Current Activities
(continued)
Center for the Built Environment (CBE) technologies and design techniques.
(19 faculty/staff) provides timely, unbiased information on promising new building
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) science of scale provides high performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational
Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) energy-related environmental impacts.
performs research and development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse
Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (CEWRE) (9 faculty, 45 students) (UCD) applications of advanced methods to environmental and water management problems.
Financial Building Blocks
California Institutes in Science and Technology
Governor Gray Davis’ Initiative
$100M state funding for capital projects over 4 years--matched 2:1 by Federal, industrial, private support
Focus on “hot” areas for 21 st Century, limited to UC campuses
Three initially funded:
UCSF/UCB/UCSC (Bioinformatics) UCLA/UCSB (Nanotechnology) UCSD/UCI (Information Technology)
UCB-led CITRIS proposal in 2001-2002 State budget
New CITRIS Facilities
Cory Hall EECS Soda Hall EECS
Cory Refurbishment (Berkeley) CITRIS Building (Berkeley) Engineering Building (Santa Cruz) CITRIS Network (Davis, Berkeley, Merced, SC)
Committed Support from Industry Founding Corporate Members of CITRIS
We have received written pledges to CITRIS of over $170 million from individuals and corporations range vision committed to the CITRIS long-
Large NSF ITR Award
$7.5M over 5 years Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for subset of CITRIS 2 applications:
Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry) Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel) Most SW aspects of systems, no hardware
Service architecture (Katz, Joseph)
Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein) Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian) Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo) Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister)
(in original proposal, reduced support) Collaboration with UC Merced www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRIS
CommerceNet Incubator
State-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubator
http://www.commerce.net
At Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT space
http://www.path.berkeley.edu/PATH/CCIT/Default.htm
Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty and students
Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors) http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/CommerceNet
Companies chosen for closeness to CITRIS
WEbS - Wireless Embedded Systems
$2.44M from DARPA’s Networked Embedded Systems (NEST) program
Culler, Brewer, Wagner, Sastry, Pister, 13 students
Development of “rene” node and tinyOS
Upcoming Boot Camp to program nodes
Other support
Long list, at least $27M
More pending
More proposals being written
Putting the “Social” into CITRIS
Courtesy of John Canny, Tom Kalil More input requested!
Bringing the “social” into CITRIS
CITRIS needs to engage
Sociologists
Economists
Anthropologists
Lawyers
Political scientists
Scholars of public policy
Business-school faculty
…
Possible roles for Social Scientists
Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets) Examine deployment issues associated with SISs
Economic, social, legal factors in rate of deployment User-centered design (e.g. ethnography) Suggest new application areas or themes Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Information Revolution See web page for more extensive document
www.citris.berkeley.edu
, click on “Kick Off”
Energy Efficiency
Detailed Example
The Inelasticity of California’s Electrical Supply
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 MW
Power-exchange market price for electricity versus load (California, Summer 2000)
How to Address the Inelasticity of the Supply
Spread demand over time (or reduce peak)
Make cost of energy
visible to end-user function of load curve (e.g. hourly pricing)
“demand-response” approach
Reduce average demand (demand side)
Eliminate wasteful consumption
Improve efficiency of equipment and appliances
Improve efficiency of generation and distribution network (supply side)
Enabled by Information!
Energy Consumption in Buildings (US 1997)
End Use Space heating Space cooling Water heating Refrigerator/Freezer Lighting Cooking Clothes dryers Color TVs Ventilation/Furnace fans Office equipment Miscellaneous Total (Units: quads per year = 1.05 EJ y -1 ) Source: Interlaboratory Working Group, 2000 Residential 6.7
1.5
2.7
1.7
1.1
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.4
3.0
19.0 Commercial 2.0
1.1
0.9
0.6
3.8
0.6
1.4
4.9
15.2
A Three-Phase Approach
Phase 1:
Passive Monitoring The availability of cheap, connected (wired or wireless) sensors makes it possible for the end-user to monitor energy-usage of buildings and individual appliances and act there-on.
Primary feedback on usage Monitor health of the system (30% inefficiency!)
Phase 2:
Quasi-Active Monitoring and Control Combining the monitoring information with instantaneous feedback on the cost of usage closes the feedback loop between end-user and supplier.
Phase 3: Active Energy-Management through Feedback and Control—Smart Buildings and Intelligent Appliances
Adding instantaneous and distributed control functionality to the sensoring and monitoring functions increases energy efficiency and user comfort
Smart Buildings
Dense wireless network of sensor, control, and actuator nodes • Task/ambient conditioning systems allow conditioning in small,
localized zones, to be individually controlled by building occupants and environmental conditions
• Joined projects between BWRC/BSAC, School of Architecture
(CBE), Civil Engineering, and IEOR with Berkeley and Santa Cruz
A Proof-of-Concept: A six month demonstration, already underway!
Leaders: Pister, Culler, Trent, Sastry, Rabaey
“Easy”:
Fully instrument a number of buildings on campus with networked light and temperature sensors in every room, and make the data available on a centralized web-site.
“Medium”:
Make a wireless power monitor with a standard 3-prong feedthrough receptacle so that people can monitor power consumption of electronic devices as a function of time.
Similar device, but passively coupled to high-power wiring to monitor total power consumption through breaker boxes. This would give us a much finer granularity of power-consumption details, and let us look at clusters of rooms, floors, etc.
Fully instrument the campus power distribution system “Hard”:
Real-time monitoring and control of hundreds of power systems on campus. Enforce compliance with load reduction. Charge/reward departments according to their use during peak times.
Energy References
www.citris.berkeley.edu
,
Click on Smart Energy
Severin Borenstein’s paper on California’s electricity deregulation disaster
haas.berkeley.edu/~borenste/CATrouble.pdf
Next Steps
How to participate
You probably are already (in technology) Get the big picture
Application motivation important Participate in interdisciplinary collaborations On-line material
www.citris.berkeley.edu
www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRIS www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/CommerceNet Other faculty pages Workshops
Mote Boot Camp by Culler on Oct 17
webs.cs.berkeley.edu/bootcamp.html
More being planned on applications and technology What is the future of information technology?
Increasingly, symbiosis with other fields, impact on society