Transcript UC Santa Cruz Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist www.citris.berkeley.edu.

UC Santa Cruz
Center for Information Technology Research
in the Interest of Society
Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist
www.citris.berkeley.edu
Center For Information Technology Research In
The Interest Of Society
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens
can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”
–Margaret Mead
 Major new initiative within the College of Engineering and on the
Berkeley Campus
 Joint with UC Davis, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, LBNL, LLNL
 Over 90 faculty from 21 departments
 Many industrial partners
 Significant State and private support
 CITRIS will focus on IT solutions to tough, quality-of-life related
problems
Outline

Scientific Agenda Overview
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Hardware and Software Building Blocks
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People and facilities
Affiliated research centers and activities
Resources
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Sensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, Clusters
Organizational Building Blocks
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Applications, Systems, Foundations
Industrial partners, funding, space
Current grants
Recent progress
Putting the Social into CITRIS
Next steps
Scientific Agenda Overview
CITRIS Scientific Strategy
Societal-ScaleApplications
Applications
Societal-Scale
Societal-Scale Applications
Applications Pull
Sensing and actuation
Huge Scale
Can’t fail
New Distributed System Architectures
New Sensors/actuators
Wireless communication
Security and Reliability
Human/Computer interaction
Technology Push
Technological Breakthroughs
Technology Invention in a Social
Context: Quality of Life Impact
 Energy Efficiency
 Transportation Planning
 Education
Technology Invention in a Social
Context: Quality of Life Impact
 Monitoring Health Care
 Land and Environment
 Disaster Response
The CITRIS Model
Core
• Distributed
Info Systems
Technologies
• Micro sensors/actuators
• Human-Comp Interaction
• Prototype Deployment
Applications
• Initially Leverage Existing
Expertise on campuses
Societal-Scale Information Systems
(SIS)
Foundations
• Reliablity
• Availability
• Security,
• Algorithms
• Social, policy issues
Initial CITRIS Applications (1)
 Saving Energy
 Smart Buildings that adjust to inhabitants
 Make energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricing
 Large potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildings


Turning down heat, lights saves up to $55B/year, 35M tons C emission/year
30% of energy bill is from “broken systems”
 Transportation Systems
 Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution
 Improve carpooling efficiency using advanced scheduling
 Improve freeway utilization by managing traffic flows
 Large potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CA
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
15 minutes/commuter/day => $15B/year in wages
$600M/year in trucking costs, 150K gallons of fuel/day
 Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise)
 $100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths
 Monitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disaster
 Provide efficient, personalized responses
 Must function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstances
Initial CITRIS Applications (2)
 Distributed Biomonitoring
 Wristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderly
 Monitored remotely 24x7x365
 Emergency response and potential remote drug delivery
 Cardiac Arrest

Raise out-of-hospital survival rate from 6% to 20% => save 60K lives/year
 Distributed Education
 Smart Classrooms
 Lifelong Learning Center for professional education
 Develop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculum
Environmental Monitoring
Monitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelines
Mutual impact of urban and agricultural areas
Monitor water shed response to climate events and land use changes
Hardware and Software Building Blocks
Societal-Scale Systems
Secure, non-stop utility
Diverse components
Adapts to interfaces/users
Always connected
“Server”
“Client”
Information
Appliances
MEMS
Sensors
Massive Cluster
Gigabit Ethernet
Clusters
Scalable, Reliable,
Secure Services
Experimental Testbeds in UCB EECS
Soda Hall
IBM
WorkPad
Velo
Nino
Smart
Dust
LCD Displays
MC-16
Motorola
Pagewriter 2000
CF788
Smart Classrooms
Audio/Video Capture Rooms
Pervasive Computing Lab
CoLab
WLAN /
Bluetooth
Wearable
Displays
GSM
BTS
Pager
H.323
GW
Network
Infrastructure
TCI @Home
Adaptive Broadband LMDS
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
CalRen/Internet2/NGI
Smart Dust
MEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/Communicators
 Create a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensors
 Sense temp, humidity, pressure, position, motion, light, sound,
magnetism, chemicals, biological agents,…
 Use off the shelf components initially
Current One-Inch Networked Sensor
Culler, Pister
 1” x 1.5” motherboard
 ATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flash
 900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range
 Radio Signal strength control and sensing
 Base-station ready
 stackable expansion connector

all ports, i2c, pwr, clock…
 Several sensor boards
 basic protoboard
 tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press)
 vibrations (2d acc, temp, light)
 accelerometers
 magnetometers
Emerging “de facto” tiny system
 Feb. 2001 bootcamp
 40 people
 UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell,
Rutgers, Wash.,
 LANL, Bosch, Accenture,
Intel, crossbow
 TinyOS as software basis
 Several groups actively developing around TinyOS
 http://tinyos.millennium.berkeley.edu
 Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked
embedded system tech (NEST) open platform
Micro Flying Insect
 ONR MURI/ DARPA funded
 Year 3 of 5 year project
 Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI),
Liepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, Sastry
Synthetic Insects
(Smart Dust with Legs)
Goal: Make silicon walk.
•Autonomous
•Articulated
•Size ~ 1-10 mm
•Speed ~ 1mm/s
MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)
2010
2005
2004
MEMS Micro
Sensor Networks
(Smart Dust)
2002
2003
MEMS
Immunological
Sensors
MEMS
“Mechanical” Micro
Radios
MEMS Rotary Engine
Power System
MEMS Single
Molecule Detection
Systems
Organizational Building Blocks
CITRIS Director
Prof. Ruzena Bajcsy
 Joined UCB Fall 2001
 Member of NAE/NIM
 Formerly Assistant Director of CISE at NSF
 Personal research agenda:
 Computer vision
 Robotics
 Language and vision
 Biomedical imaging
CITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities
 Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) (14 faculty, 100 students)
 Designs sensors and actuators
 Microfabrication Laboratory (71 faculty, 254 students)
 Fabricates chips
 Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) (16 faculty, 114 students)
 Designs low-power wireless devices.
 International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) (5 faculty, 18 students)
 Networking, speech, human centered computing
 Millennium Project (15 faculty)
 ~1000 processors in campus-wide parallel computing facility
 Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC) (23 faculty, 60 students)
 Design tools for sub-micron silicon technology
CITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities
(continued)
 Berkeley
Information Technology
(20 faculty, 60 students)
and
Systems
(BITS)
 New networking research center
 Berkeley Institute of Design (BID) (10 faculty)
 New center to study design of SW, products, living spaces
 EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice
 Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC)
(8 faculty, 50 students) (UCD)
 Large scale data visualization
 Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering
(CEWRE) (9 faculty, 45 students) (UCD)
 Environmental and water management research
Applications-Related Current Activities
 Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATH
(20 faculty, 70 students; UC, Caltrans, other universities)
 Technology to improve transportation in California
 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER
( 25 faculty, 15 students; 9 universities),
 Identify and reduce earthquake risks
 Berkeley Seismological Laboratory (15 faculty, 14 students)
 Runs a regional seismological monitoring system
 Studies, provides earthquake data to governments.
 National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research,
NEXTOR (6 faculty, 12 students),
 Studies complex airport and air traffic systems.
Applications-Related Current Activities
(continued)
 Center for the Built Environment (CBE) (19 faculty/staff)
 New building technologies and design techniques
 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
 National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC)

Supercomputer Center
 Environmental Energy Technologies (EET)
 Better energy-saving technologies, reduced environmental impact
Financial Building Blocks
California Institutes in Science and
Technology
 Governor Gray Davis’ Initiative
 $100M state funding for capital projects over 4 years--
matched 2:1 by Federal, industrial, private support
 Focus on “hot” areas for 21st Century
 Three others funded:
 QB3 – Bioinformatics – UCSF / UCB / UCSC
 CNSI - Nanotechnology – UCLA / UCSB
 CalIT2 - Information Technology - UCSD / UCI
New CITRIS Facilities
Cory Hall
EECS
Soda Hall
EECS
 Cory Refurbishment (Berkeley)
 CITRIS Building (Berkeley)
 Engineering Building (Santa Cruz)
 CITRIS Network (Davis, Berkeley, Merced, SC)
Current and Near Term Space
 Intel Lab in Power Bar Building on Shattuck
 CommerceNet incubator at Bancroft and Shattuck
 Hearst Mining (summer 2002)
 BID (Berkeley Institute of Design)
 Cory Renovation
 At 20K ASF, by summer 2003
Committed Support from Industry
Founding Corporate Members of CITRIS
We have received written pledges to CITRIS of over $170 million
from individuals and corporations committed to the CITRIS longrange vision
Large NSF ITR Award
 $7.5M over 5 years
 Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for subset of CITRIS
 2 applications:
 Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry)
 Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)
 Most SW aspects of systems, no hardware
 Service architecture (Katz, Joseph)
 Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein)
 Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian)
 Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo)
 Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister)

(in original proposal, reduced support)
 Collaboration with UC Merced
 www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRIS
CommerceNet Incubator
 State-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubator
 http://www.commerce.net
 At Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT space
 http://www.path.berkeley.edu/PATH/CCIT/Default.htm
 Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty
and students
 Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors)
 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/CommerceNet
 Companies chosen for closeness to CITRIS
WEbS - Wireless Embedded Systems
 $2.44M from DARPA’s Networked Embedded
Systems (NEST) program
 Culler, Brewer, Wagner, Sastry, Pister, 13 students
 Development of “rene” node and tinyOS
 Future Boot Camps to program nodes
Other support
 Long list, over $60M so far
 More pending
Recent Progress:
Sensor Networks
(Culler, Pister)
Ad-hoc sensor networks work
 29 Palms Marine Base, March 2001
 10 Motes dropped from an airplane
landed, formed a wireless network,
detected passing vehicles, and
radioed information back
 Intel Developers Forum, Aug 2001
 800 Motes running TinyOS hidden in
auditorium seats started up and
formed a wireless network as
participants passed them around
 tinyos.millennium.berkeley.edu
Recent Progress:
Energy Efficiency
and
Smart Buildings
Arens, Culler, Pister, Orens, Rabaey, Sastry
The Inelasticity of California’s Electrical Supply
800
700
$/MWh
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
MW
Power-exchange market price for electricity versus load
(California, Summer 2000)
How to Address the Inelasticity of the Supply
 Spread demand over time (or reduce peak)
 Make cost of energy


visible to end-user
function of load curve (e.g. hourly pricing)
 “demand-response” approach
 Reduce average demand (demand side)
 Eliminate wasteful consumption
 Improve efficiency of equipment and appliances
 Improve efficiency of generation and distribution
network (supply side)
Enabled by Information!
Energy Consumption in Buildings
(US 1997)
End Use
Space heating
Space cooling
Water heating
Refrigerator/Freezer
Lighting
Cooking
Clothes dryers
Color TVs
Ventilation/Furnace fans
Office equipment
Miscellaneous
Total
Residential
6.7
1.5
2.7
1.7
1.1
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.4
3.0
19.0
(Units: quads per year = 1.05 EJ y-1)
Source: Interlaboratory Working Group, 2000
Commercial
2.0
1.1
0.9
0.6
3.8
0.6
1.4
4.9
15.2
A Three-Phase Approach
 Phase 1: Passive Monitoring
 The availability of cheap, connected (wired or wireless) sensors makes it
possible for the end-user to monitor energy-usage of buildings and
individual appliances and act there-on.
 Primary feedback on usage
 Monitor health of the system (30% inefficiency!)
 Phase 2: Quasi-Active Monitoring and Control
 Combining the monitoring information with instantaneous feedback on the
cost of usage closes the feedback loop between end-user and supplier.
 Phase 3: Active Energy-Management through Feedback and
Control—Smart Buildings and Intelligent Appliances
 Adding instantaneous and distributed control functionality to the sensoring
and monitoring functions increases energy efficiency and user comfort
Cory Hall Energy Monitoring Network
50 nodes on 4th floor
30 sec sampling
250K samples to database over 6 weeks
Moved to Intel Lab – come play!
Smart Buildings
Dense wireless network of
sensor, control, and
actuator nodes
• Task/ambient conditioning systems allow conditioning in small,
localized zones, to be individually controlled by building occupants
and environmental conditions
• Joint projects among BWRC/BSAC, Center for the Built
Environment (CBE), IEOR, Intel Lab, LBNL
Control of HVAC systems
Conventional
Overhead
System
Underfloor Air
Distribution
Control of HVAC Systems
 Underfloor system can save energy because it can
get hotter near ceiling
 Project with CBE (Arens, Federspiel)
 Need temperature sensors at different heights
 Simulation results
 Hot August day in Sacramento
 Underfloor HVAC saves 46% of energy
 Future: test in instrumented room
More sensors – air velocity
 Uses time of flight of sound to
determine 3D air velocity
 Significance
 Heat transfer (energy)
 Air quality
 Perception of temperature
Recent Progress:
Disaster Response
Glaser, Pister
What is Disaster Response?
 Sensors installed near critical structural points
 Sensor measure motion, distinguish normal
deterioration and serious damage
 Sensors report location, kinematics of damage during
and after an extreme event
 Guide emergency personnel
 Assess structural safety without deconstructing
building
Many Scenarios
Current Projects
•
•
•
Shake table test of 3-story wood-frame building
at Richmond Field Station (PEER/CUREe)
"Liquefaction by Explosives" test of Quay wall
and ground improvements (Tokachi Port,
Hokkaido)
Dynamic testing of drilled shaft (Underhill lot)
Seismic Monitoring of Housing
•
Part of the CUREe-Caltech Tuck-Under
Parking Apartment Building Experimentation
(Profs. Mosalam and Mahin) is structural
performance due to multi-directional ground
motions.
•
A number of such buildings experienced
collapse, near collapse, or severe damage in
the 1994 Northridge Earthquake.
•
Project consists of dynamic experimental
evaluation of a full-scale structure on the
Richmond Field Station shake table.
Mote infrastructure
Wiring for traditional
structural
instrumentation
CalTech's truckload
of equipment
Mote (ADXL202) vs. Traditional Piezo Accelerometer
Time Domain Comparison
Frequency Domain Comparison
Tokachi Port, Hokkaido
Blast-induced Liquefaction Test
K.I.S.S.
theirs
ours
theirs
ours
theirs
400+ Came to Watch
Post-Blast Liquefaction
A commercial product
 Crossbow CN4000 Wireless Structural Monitoring
System
 3D Accelerometer
 12 bits of resolution, up to 2G
 Temperature
 -40o C to +85o C, to within 2o C
 Wireless communication
 1 mile line-of-site range
 www.xbow.com
Stability of
Masada
North Face:
The
Foundations
of King
Herod’s
Palace
Recent Progress:
Education
Linn, Clancy
UC WISE = Web-based Inquiry System for Engineering
 System to support design, development, assessment of
engineering curricula
 Builder, Customizer, Student Learning Environment, Portal
 For university courses, based on long K-12 experience
 Make our lives easier, permit others to use it
 Timeline:
 Spr 02: Refine system, populate with CS3
 Summer 02: First run at UCB with CS3, train UC Merced instructors
 Spring 03: Deliver to UC Merced
Putting the “Social” into CITRIS
Bringing the “social” into CITRIS
 Can engineers solve large scale social problems by themselves?
 CITRIS needs to engage
 Sociologists
 Economists
 Anthropologists
 Lawyers
 Political scientists
 Scholars of public policy
 Business-school faculty
 …
Possible roles for Social Scientists
 Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets)
 Examine deployment issues associated with SISs
 Economic, social, legal factors in rate of deployment
 User-centered design (e.g. ethnography)
 Suggest new application areas or themes
 Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Information
Revolution
 See web page for more extensive document
 www.citris.berkeley.edu, click on “Kick Off”
Specific Examples
 02/02/02: A Dialogue on Social Technologies
 Workshop with CITRIS, Art, Music, Film, Art Museum, SFMOMA, PFA …
 Organized by Ken Goldberg (IEOR) and Greg Niemeyer (Art)
 Explored how art and technology can inform one another
 Pam Samuelson (Law, SIMS) Legal issues related to privacy
 Henry Brady (Poli Sci) How to make databases of immigrant
unemployment statistics available
 To academia/government to identify predictors of length of
unemployment (based on health, family size, etc)
 Not to credit card companies
 Robert Knight, Mark D’Eposito (Psych) How to correlate brain
imaging data from FMRI to physical and linguistic behavior
Specific Examples (continued)
 David Teece (Business) E-commerce (CommerceNet)
 Ian Maddieson (Linguistics) archiving and analyzing
tapes of endangered languages
 Robert Maccoun (Public Policy, Law) Policies on
internet pornography; studies of how Silicon Valley
engineers decide to share company secrets when they
change jobs
CITRIS Funded Fellowship Program
 Soliciting proposal from Social Science grad
students
 First support to be awarded for Summer 2002
Next Steps
Next Steps
 First in a sequence of Thursday CITRIS seminars
 More to come, from technologists, applications engineers, social
scientists…
 Many other related talks!
 Richard Clarke, Presidential Cyber Security Adviser, Feb 18
 Planning workshops on application areas
 Energy, disaster, others…
 Begin teaching grad students from each discipline what they need to
know
 Identify specific research questions
 www.citris.berkeley.edu