Transcript DESIGN OF THE NEW AUSTRIAN METEOROLOGICAL NETWORK Ernest Rudel Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Wien Tel.: +43 1 36026 2201, Fax:

DESIGN OF THE NEW AUSTRIAN
METEOROLOGICAL NETWORK
Ernest Rudel
Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik
Hohe Warte 38, 1190 Wien
Tel.: +43 1 36026 2201, Fax: +43 1 36026 72
E-Mail: [email protected]
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TECO 2008
Outline
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Historical Overview
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The New AWS Concept
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Technical specifications
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Future developments
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Short view of meteorological measurements in
Austria
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1768: Regular measurements and observations in the
monastery of Kremsmuenster
1851: Foundation of ZAMG: establishment of a
meteorological observation system
1865: First issue of a daily weather chart
1981: First AWS in operation (local storing, transmission via
telephone)
1991: Network of all AWS via leased telephone lines
1992: AWS generate automatically hourly Synopmessages
2005: 150 AWS, 100 conventional stations
2005: Start of the project: AWS_new
Reason: difficulties in guaranteeing the renewal of the spare
parts, an increasingly old technology
2008: 250 AWS in operation
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Concept of AWS_new
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to shut down all manually operated classical climatic stations
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to substitute all the AWS of the “old” generation with “new”
ones (AWS_new)
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to increase the network of AWS up to 250 stations
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to improve the sensor equipment
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to implement the new network 2007 and 2008
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TECO 2008
Why shut down all the conventional stations?
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Increasing temporary coverage
Providing data from data sparse areas where human
observations are not practical
Providing data continuously at frequent intervals and for any
observation time
Eliminating the subjectivity in manual observations
Reflecting the requirements of all users of near real time
synoptic data
Supporting the trends to reducing model grid scale and the
need for more observations to be available in shorter
timescales
an alleged potential to reduce costs
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TECO 2008
Purposes of a National Meteorological Network
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data for quick and simple international exchange
data for weather prediction: Supporting the trends to reducing model
grid scale and the need for more observations to be available in
shorter timescales
severe weather warning is the cornerstone of the ZAMG mission,
requiring an appropriate and sustained infrastructure, requiring
continuous improvement of the associated forecasts
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prevention and mitigation of natural disasters through early warning
and vulnerability assessment
weather-related hazards (e.g. storms, flooding e.g. by rivers, drought,
heat waves, persisting hot weather, cold spells)
risk impacted by weather (e.g. transport, dispersion and deposition of
radioactive or chemical pollutants)
weather sensitive segments of the economy (e.g. transport, aviation,
energy and other utilities, agriculture, insurance or food industries)
requirements to deliver innovative services, especially in relation to civil
security, but also regarding climate change and public health (chemical
weather forecasting)
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Purposes of a National Meteorological Network
(cont.)
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Data for climate analysis and climate monitoring
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High quality, well-calibrated long-term observations and
measurements of a variety of climate elements are critical to the
detection and prediction of climate variability and change,
including trends due to human activities (urbanization,
deforestation, etc)
expertise use (courts, assurance companies, regulations,
standards, ...)
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reflecting the requirements of all users of near real time synoptic
and of offline climate data
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Demands on a national Meteorological Network
must be assessed
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to assess the impact of the new system to existing systems
to take care of all WMO standards
to follow the demands and need of the EUMETNET observation
network
to maintain the operation of historically-uninterrupted stations and
observing
systems
to facilitate access, use and interpretation of data and derived
products
adequate national spatial distribution
data in more population dense areas (greater demand for data)
data from important traffic routes
data from areas with pronounced minimum and maximum values
areas with distinctive gradients
continuity (Long time measurements on the same site)
unifying the quality checks and derived values
Standardising the entire dataflow and information systems
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Additional needs of an improved National
Meteorological Network
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transmitting precipitation data (minute data) every 5 minutes
instead of 10 minutes in the former system
denser network in populated areas
providing data from data sparse areas where human
observations are not practical or possible
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increasing temporary and area coverage
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data from mountain peaks using web cameras additionally
providing data continuously at frequent intervals and for any
observation time and ensure a reliable data transmission also
in case of public emergency,
a. secure transfer protocol with subcarrier transmission on
analogue telephone lines
b. standard GSM link (hourly data)
c. satellite connection (25% of all the stations)
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Additional needs of an improved National
Meteorological Network (cont.)
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eliminating the subjectivity in manual observations. With
universal interfaces between sensor and bus system the AWS
can operate arbitrarily sensor systems with different signal
output (digital, analogue or digital telegram)
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e.g. connection of PW, snow depth, ceilometers, etc. without
modification of the system
to choose station sites with the possibility to have a local
technical support and additionally to have also a
meteorological observer
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AWS _ old
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Central Unit
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Power Supply
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Data Processing
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
sensor supplyl line
sensor signal line
sensor supplyl line
sensor signal line
sensor supplyl line
sensor signal line
Data Transmission
Sensor 3
Disadvantage: sometimes the senso-cable are very long
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AWS _ new
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power supply bus
Data Transmission
data trans bus
Central Unit
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Power Supply
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Data Processing
signal li
ne
sensor
supplyl
line
sensor
sensor supplyl line
line
supplyl
e
ignal lin
Sensor 2
sensor
Sensor 1
Bus
Interface
s
sensor
sensor signal line
Bus
Interface
Sensor 3
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Sketch of data flow
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Station
TUS Telemetric Security System
WAN Wide Area Network
RC
Regional Center
DB
Data Base
DB
RC
RC
TUS
DB
Center
TUS
WAN
RC
RC
DB
RC
TUS
DB
DB
RC
DB
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Network AWS_new
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AWS
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Relative distribution of area, population and AWS (%)
40
area
35
30
population
25
AWS 2009
20
15
10
5
00
>3
0
00
-3
0
00
25
01
-2
5
00
20
01
-2
0
50
17
51
-1
7
00
15
01
-1
5
12
51
-1
2
50
0
10
01
10
0
75
1-
75
0
50
1-
50
0
25
1-
<2
5
0
0
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Conclusions
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the upgrade and the extension of the automatic weather
stations network in Austria ensures a quantitative and a
qualitative improvement of the measurement of
meteorological parameters .
the network of 250 AWS ensures a medium
representativeness of approx. 320 km² (18x18km).
The increase of the temporal resolution of the measurement
data in real time is required by different users of
meteorological data (synop, climate, environment, economy,
legal aspects) and especially for inputs in local area numerical
models (ALADIN, ALARO, etc.)
the standardization of the network would make it possible to
optimize the operational aspects by decreasing the costs of
operation.
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TECO 2008
Future outlook
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change old sensor types
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add sensors
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e.g. hair hygrometer with dew point measurements
e.g. PW, visibility, ceilometers, snow depth, etc
additional stations in climate or environmental sensitive areas
to upgrade the design of the network always on the
knowledge of coordination and development of the
meteorological infrastructure
to enhance the expertise on weather, climate, water and the
related environment and to act as major contributors to:
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The safety and well being of people
Sustainable development; and
Environmental protection
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TECO 2008
Thank you for your attention!
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