Transcript Vertriebsstrategie

Plenary Discussion
Energy Efficiency – a challenge for
sustainable Development
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN
THE ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Hans Zeinhofer
Energie Allianz Austria,
Energie AG Vertrieb GmbH & Co KG
Vienna, 22nd of October
General Remarks
Eurelectric – based in Brussells – represents the interests of the
electricity industry of the European member states and coordinates the
single and sometimes different points of view of its members and
dicusses all relevant matters with policy makers in the EU.
Energy efficiency belongs to the core business of electricity generators
and suppliers. The industriy therefore supports a policy to optimise
energy efficiency. High energy efficiencies contribute to cost efficient
operation, to conservation of fuels and to minimizing both dependence
of fuel imports from outside Europe and all kinds of emissions.
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A special point of attention for Eurelectric is focussed on the
tuning with all relevant directives and guidelines, especially
on:
 Large Combustion Plants Directive a BREF LCP
 Energy End-Use Efficiency and Energy Services
 Promotion of Cogeneration
 Energy performance of buildings
 Renewable Energy Sources
 Emission Trading of Greenhouse Gases
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Fig. 1
Energy efficiency of power generation
As figure 1 demonstrates, the efficiency is strongly
depending on the type of generation and the fuel.
However, not all the types like hydro, nuclear and solar
plants are IPPC installations. For this reason the
following paragraphs only deal with thermal power
plants above 50 MW. 1)
1)
Nuclear plants excluded
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Development in the Efficiency of
Thermal Plants
Typical average values of electric efficiencies of combined cycles(VGB, 2001)
1985
2000
2010
(estimation)
Combined Cycle
48
58
60
Typical average values of electric efficiencies of new coal plants
1985
2000
2010
(estimation)
Single Steam cycle
38
47
50
Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle
(emerging technology)
40
49
55
Retrofiting existing plants may provide also interesting efficiency improvements, but are
mostly rather expensive. Typical values of 36-40% are attainable.
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Conclusions on trends in energy efficiency
concerning generation
We conclude that high energy efficiency has always been a
primary goal of the electricity industry during many decades.
As the economy in a free market also requires optimum
(energy) efficiency, this attitude will not change.
The CO2-emission trading to be introduced within the EU in
2005 will effectively mean higher fuel costs and so provide
an extra incentive to improve energy efficiency. The need for
extra rules to improve energy efficiency in power
installations is therefore very limited. The main effect of such
rule will be the public demonstration that energy efficiency
has already been optimised indeed as much as economically
feasible.
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Energy Efficiency on the Demand side

significant improvements in the efficiency of domestic
applications

high potential in lighting

relative small dpecific improvements by electric motors and
drives (ca. 50 % of the total electricity consumption

significant potential of electric technologies used in transport

great potenital for (primany) energy savings from heat
pumps

energy savings (and product quality) improvement achieved
by industrial applications
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Industrial applications:
examples for energy efficiency
 Electroheat technologies comprise high-power heating processes which
are powered through electrical energy. Electroheat technologies cover a
large percentage of industrial electricity consumption, ranging from
20 to 40 % within the EU.
 Due to the possibility of precise control of electroheat installations there is
less material wasted and the electroheat process results in better product
quality.
 In general, electroheat technologies lead to energy savings, reduced
costs, reduced CO2 emissions, product quality improvements and
production of new materials, e.g. thixo-forming of aluminium.
 In many cases, electric-heating applications are more energy-efficient
than their alternatives, especially at high temperatures, where gas
furnaces are less efficient. Optimal efficiency of an electric furnace can
reach up to 95 % process efficiency, whilst the equivalent for a gas
furnace is only 40 to 80 %.
 In the long term, electroheat processes will play an important role in
supporting the development of new technologies such as nanoelectronics
and optoelectronics.
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Other industrial applications
using electricity for a better efficiency

Electrodeposition (e.g. for recycling of metals
present in liquide waste)

Electrolysis (e.g. for the synthesis of nylon)

Membrane technologies: micro-, ultra-,
nanofiltration, reverse osmosis

Industrial refrigeration, heat recuperation,
heat pumps

Mechanical vapour compression
In many cases the use of modern electrotechnologies
can reduce the energy consumption by 90 percent
compared to conventional technologies.
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