Slide 1

Europe In Crisis: Wars of Religion
Section 14.1 & 2
Religious & political conflicts between
Catholic & Protestant in Europe
challenge political order.


Slide 2

Economic & Social Crises In Europe
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Economic problem: inflation
– Influx of gold & silver & growing pop

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Social witchcraft


Slide 3

French Wars of Religion-1560
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Conflict Causes
– Calvinist vs. Catholics- militant
France
– Huguenots: French Protestants
• John Calvin
• 7% French pop /40-50% nobility
– Threatened Catholic monarchy
– Ultra Catholics oppose
30yrs of war
1589: Henry of Navarre –Huguenot
– Converted to Catholicism
– Edict of Nantes (1598):
– Catholicism official religion & Protect
Huguenots


Slide 4

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Spanish Wars of Religion
King Philip II of Spain (15561598):
– “The Most Catholic King”
• Spain-God’s chosen nationChristianities protectors
– Goal: consolidated Spanish
lands
–Spanish Netherlands
• Calvinists
• Resist Catholic Spainwar
– Spain’s economy suffers


Slide 5

The 30yrsWar (1618-1648)
“last of the religious wars”
Peace of Augsburg (1555)– recognize d Lutherans & Catholics- not Calvinist
• Religious disputes –Holy Roman Empire (HREGermany)
 Events:
– 1618 Catholic Hapsburg of HRE vs. Protestant nobles
(Calvinists)
– All major powers besides England
• Goal-territory & European leadership
 Result
– Peace of Westphalia: Ended war 1648
• France & allies –new territory
• HRE divided into 300 states- Religious Freedom
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Slide 6

England-Protestant or Catholic ?
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Queen Mary (aka Bloody Mary)
– Catholic -Protestant nobles dislike
– Executes Protestants
– Died
Queen Elizabeth (Protestant)
Repealed Catholic favoring Laws
Act of Supremacy-Church of England
• moderate Protestantism
Moderate Foreign Policy-avoid war
Philip II ( Spain) -invades –spread Catholicism
– Defeated –no money
• Spain looses power
– England & France gain power


Slide 7

Revolutions in England
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Elizabeth I died
King James I & son Charles I
• divine right of kings
• Angered Protestants (Puritans)
Civil War
– (Cavaliers) vs. (Roundheads)
– Oliver Cromwell (New Model Army)
• Killed Charles I- military dictatorship
– Cromwell dies, monarchy established
• Charles II-Protestant
• James I-Catholic –scared Parliament
– Glorious Revolution” no bloodshed
• William of Orange -English Bill of Rights