Robert Gagné: Conditions of Learning

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Eight ways to Learn

Signal Learning: A general response to a signal Stimulus-Response Learning: A precise response to a distinct stimulus.

Chaining: A chain of two or more stimulus-response connections.

Verbal Association: Learning chains that are mainly verbal.

Discrimination Learning: The ability to make different responses to similar-appearing stimuli.

Concept Learning: A common response to a class of stimuli. Allows generalization Rule Learning. Learning a chain of two or more concepts. Also allows generalization Problem Solving. A kind of learning that requires "thinking."

Gagné’s Hierarchy of Learning

 Increasing complexity  Reminiscent of Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive development

5 Categories of Learning

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Intellectual skills: Create individual competence and ability to respond to stimuli.

Cognitive strategies: Capability to learn, think, and remember Verbal information: Memorization of names, faces, dates, phone numbers, etc.

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Motor skills: Capability to learn to drive, ride a bike, draw a straight line, etc.

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◦ Attitudes: Ingrained bias towards different ideas, people, situation. Affects how someone acts towards these things.

Multiple Intelligences

Gardner’s Intelligences Description Logical-Mathematical

Logical or numerical patterns, long chains of reasoning

Linguistic Musical Spatial Bodily-kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist

Sounds, rhythms and meanings of words, different functions of language Produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre, musical appreciation Perceive visual-spatial world accurately, performing transformations Control body movements and handle objects skillfully Discern and respond to the moods, motivations and desires of others Knowledge of ones own strength and feelings, drawing on them for guidance Recognize plants and animals, make distinctions in the natural world

Gagné’s Corresponding Category/Categories

Intellectual Skills, Cognitive Strategies Verbal Information, Cognitive Strategies Cognitive Strategies, Verbal Information Motor Skills, Intellectual Skills, Motor Skills, Intellectual Skills Attitudes, Cognitive Strategies Attitudes, Cognitive Strategies Verbal Information, Cognitive Strategies