Transcript Librarian cornered by images or How to index visual resources
Slide 1
IFLA Satellite Post-Conference
Beyond libraries – subject metadata in the digital environment and semantic web
17-18 August 2012, Tallinn
Librarian cornered by images
or
How to index visual resources
Wanda Klenczon, Paweł Rygiel
The National Library of Poland
Slide 2
„Images, that have interfered in the human life and
human civilizations, still evade all attempts at being
classified or standardized.
If they constitute a language, it is deprived of the
established vocabulary and syntax;
if they build a system, it is an extremely mutable
system, where nothing is identically repeated”.
Mieczysław Porębski, Ikonosfera, Warszawa 1972, s. 9.
Slide 3
Slide 4
Descriptive metadata
•
•
•
•
object name,
creator,
dating, culture, epoch or art movement,
formal aspects of the object
– medium, technique, material…
• category or type of document etc.
but only subject description really involves
transforming visual code into written code.
Slide 5
What does it mean
“subject of an image”?
Slide 6
Preiconographic
woman, animal, jewelry
Iconographic
Cecilia Gallerani, ermine, necklace
Iconological
beauty, purity, aristocracy
Slide 7
Panofsky/Shatford matrix
Who?
Pre-iconography
(Generics)
Iconography
(Specifics)
Iconology
(Abstracts)
kind of person or thing
individually named
person, group, thing
(S1)
mythical or fictitious
being
(A1)
kind of event, action,
condition
(G2)
individually named
event, action
emotion or
abstraction
kind of place:
geographical,
architectural
individually named
geographical location
(G1)
What?
Where?
(S2)
(G3)
When?
cyclical time: season,
time of day
(G4)
(A2)
place symbolized
(S3)
(A3)
(S4)
emotion, abstraction
symbolized by time
(A4)
linear time:
date or period
Source: L. H. Armitage, P. G. B. Enser: Analysis of user need in image archives. “Journal of Information Science”, 1997,
23(4), pp. 287–299.
Slide 8
Isness, ofness, aboutness
• Isness = what the resource IS
often is close to genre/form terms (may be physical or
intrinsic, e. g. drawing, albumen print, poster, etc.)
• Ofness = the elements that a picture consists OF
• Aboutness = what is conveyed in a document,
what it is ABOUT
depends on the interpretation of the set themes,
motifs, actions and events in a work
Slide 9
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Picture by de:Benutzer:Fb78. License: {{cc-by-sa-2.0-de}}
IS
sculpture
OF
Man, boys, snakes, Laookon
ABOUT
God’s revenge,
punishment of sacrilege,
combat, pain, agony
Slide 10
Slide 11
Seeing Standards:
Visualization of the Metadata Universe
Source: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/
Slide 12
Source: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/
Slide 13
Metadata standards and cataloging rules
(examples)
• Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO)
• Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA)
• CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC CRM)
• International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)
• Dublin Core (DC)
• MARC Standards
• ….
Slide 14
Indexing tools (examples)
• Getty Vocabulaires:
–
–
–
–
Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)
Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)
Cultural Objects Name Authority (CONA)
Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
NAMES
• Thesaurus for Graphic Materials (TGM)
• Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
• Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et
alphabétique unifié (RAMEAU)
• Iconclass
• ….
SUBJECT
Slide 15
Slide 16
LCSH
Not specified
TGM
245
00 |a Harris, Beebe & Co.: The Pocahontas Chewing Tobacco |h [graphic]/
|c The Hatch Lith. Co. N.Y.
520
0_ |a Tobacco package label depicting Pocahontas posed in nature.
600
20 |a Pocahontas, |d d. 1617.
650
_4 |a Indians of North America |x Performances & portrayals |y 1860-1870.
655
_7 |a Tobacco package labels |y 1860-1870. |2 gmgpc
655
_7 |a Chromolithographs |x Color |y 1860-1870. |2 gmgpc
Slide 17
LCSH
Not specified
TGM
245
10 |a Battle of New Orleans and death of Major General Packenham
[sic] on the 8th of January 1815 |h [graphic] / |c West del. ; J. Yeager sc.
520
0_ |a Print shows the Battle of New Orleans from the British
perspective, as British forces advance upon the earthworks or
barricades from which the American forces, under the command of
Andrew Jackson, repel the attack. Includes a head-and-shoulders
portrait of Andrew Jackson, facing slightly left, with American flags and
various weapons, appears below the battle scene. Prominent figures
are identified by letter within the print and a corresponding key that is
printed below the image, to the left and right of the title. In this print,
Major General Lambert is depicted without the cloth or handkerchief
that obscures his face.
600
14 |a Jackson, Andrew, |d 1767-1845 |x Military service.
600
14 |a Pakenham, Edward Michael, |d 1778-1815 |x Death & burial |z
Louisiana |z New Orleans.
650
_0 |a New Orleans, Battle of, New Orleans, La., 1815.
650
_7 |a Campaigns & battles |z Louisiana |z New Orleans |y 1810-1820.
|2 lctgm
651
_4 |a United States |x History |y War of 1812 |x Casualties |x British.
651
_4 |a United States |x History |y War of 1812 |x Campaigns & battles.
655
_7 |a Keys (Legends) |y 1810-1820. |2 gmgpc
655
_7 |a Remarques |y 1810-1820. |2 gmgpc
655
_7 |a Engravings |y 1810-1820. |2 gmgpc
Slide 18
245 10 |a [Exterior view of fish market with several people, shoppers and merchant(?), holding
fish, also a porter with large bundle on his back, and a woman playing a shamisen] |h
[graphic].
650 _7 |a Shopping |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Fishmongers |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Stores & shops |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Merchandise displays |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
TGM
650 _7 |a Porters |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Street musicians |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a City & town life |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
655 _7 |a Book illustrations |y 1870-1880. |2 gmgpc
655 _7 |a Albumen prints |x Hand-colored |y 1870-1880. |2 gmgpc
Slide 19
24510 |a Wild animal display in Wall Drug, Wall, South Dakota |h [graphic].
uncontrolled
TGM
653__ |a Dead animals. |a Mounted animal. |a Wall Drug. |a Hunting. |a
Hunter. |a Kill. |a America.
655_7 |a Digital photographs |x Color |y 2000-2010. |2 gmgpc
Slide 20
1001_ |a Roberti, Ercole de', |d d. 1496, |e artist, |e attributed name.
24510 |a [Sketches for Christ taken prisoner; Judas kiss] |h [graphic].
TGM
655_7 |a Ink drawings |x Italian |y 1473-1496. |2 gmgpc
Slide 21
Images digitization in Poland
Slide 22
Images cataloging in Poland
• MARC21 Bibliographic – adaption for still images (libraries)
• ISBD (libraries)
• Dublin Core (most of cultural heritage institutions)
• CCO
• indexing tools and practices vary from institution to another
Slide 23
Slide 24
Basket of Fruit (c.1599)
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
Still life
figs
Oil on canvas
grapes
peach
Italian painting
apple
Fruits
Wicker
basket
insect-predated fruits
Archips argyospita
etc., etc…
Slide 25
Eating and drinking spaces
Slide 26
IS,OF, ABOUT to MARC 21 mapping
(proposal)
IS
• 245 title
• 655 genre/form term
OF
• 245 title
• 520 note
• 653 additional subject access point
ABOUT
• 245 title
• 520 note
• 600-651 subject term
Slide 27
Image description – NL of Poland
• 600-651 subject terms (controlled vocabulary)
• overall scope of the document
• 655 genre/form terms (controlled vocabulary)
• type of document, technique, object genre
• 653 additional subject access points
(both controlled and uncontrolled terms)
• secondary, subordinated or less important content elements
• 520 note/summary (free-text)
• meaning, purpose or function
Slide 28
Odwieziony we śnie na Itakę / Stanisław Hiszpański
520 Odysseus, fast asleep in a hidden
harbor on Ithaka. Athena is keeping vigil
over him. In background the sea and an
ship, probably Phaeacian.
600 Odysseus
653 Homerus. Odusseia; Athena; Ithaka;
sea; ship; harbor; man asleep; Greek
mythology; Greek goddesse; gorgoneion
655 Illustration
655 Watercolour
655 Coloured drawing
Slide 29
Haquet et traîneau de brasseur / Jean Victor Adam
520 This print is probably a part of a larger
series entitled 'Voitures'. At center of
composition, a brewer's dray and
sledge loaded with barrels; at right, in
front of a café with an awning, a man
on horseback and a man holding a
barrel; beyond at left, buildings and a
small crowd of soldiers;
653 road; horses; coffeehouse; barrel;
delivery; awning; carriage
655 Genre scene
655 Lithograph
655 Print
Slide 30
[Bukiet kwiatów] / Helena Drzewiecka
650 Flowers
653 pansy; iris; lily; ancolie; rose;
bouquet
655 Gouache
655 Painting
Slide 31
… doomed failure?
„What we really expect in a work of art is a certain
personal element – we expect artist to have, if not a
distinguished mind, at least a distinguished sensibility.
We expect him to reveal something to us that is original
– a unique and private vision of the world.”
Herbert Read, Meaning of Art, London 1968, p. 27
Slide 32
Thank you for your
attention!
Wanda Klenczon
[email protected]
Paweł Rygiel
[email protected]
IFLA Satellite Post-Conference
Beyond libraries – subject metadata in the digital environment and semantic web
17-18 August 2012, Tallinn
Librarian cornered by images
or
How to index visual resources
Wanda Klenczon, Paweł Rygiel
The National Library of Poland
Slide 2
„Images, that have interfered in the human life and
human civilizations, still evade all attempts at being
classified or standardized.
If they constitute a language, it is deprived of the
established vocabulary and syntax;
if they build a system, it is an extremely mutable
system, where nothing is identically repeated”.
Mieczysław Porębski, Ikonosfera, Warszawa 1972, s. 9.
Slide 3
Slide 4
Descriptive metadata
•
•
•
•
object name,
creator,
dating, culture, epoch or art movement,
formal aspects of the object
– medium, technique, material…
• category or type of document etc.
but only subject description really involves
transforming visual code into written code.
Slide 5
What does it mean
“subject of an image”?
Slide 6
Preiconographic
woman, animal, jewelry
Iconographic
Cecilia Gallerani, ermine, necklace
Iconological
beauty, purity, aristocracy
Slide 7
Panofsky/Shatford matrix
Who?
Pre-iconography
(Generics)
Iconography
(Specifics)
Iconology
(Abstracts)
kind of person or thing
individually named
person, group, thing
(S1)
mythical or fictitious
being
(A1)
kind of event, action,
condition
(G2)
individually named
event, action
emotion or
abstraction
kind of place:
geographical,
architectural
individually named
geographical location
(G1)
What?
Where?
(S2)
(G3)
When?
cyclical time: season,
time of day
(G4)
(A2)
place symbolized
(S3)
(A3)
(S4)
emotion, abstraction
symbolized by time
(A4)
linear time:
date or period
Source: L. H. Armitage, P. G. B. Enser: Analysis of user need in image archives. “Journal of Information Science”, 1997,
23(4), pp. 287–299.
Slide 8
Isness, ofness, aboutness
• Isness = what the resource IS
often is close to genre/form terms (may be physical or
intrinsic, e. g. drawing, albumen print, poster, etc.)
• Ofness = the elements that a picture consists OF
• Aboutness = what is conveyed in a document,
what it is ABOUT
depends on the interpretation of the set themes,
motifs, actions and events in a work
Slide 9
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Picture by de:Benutzer:Fb78. License: {{cc-by-sa-2.0-de}}
IS
sculpture
OF
Man, boys, snakes, Laookon
ABOUT
God’s revenge,
punishment of sacrilege,
combat, pain, agony
Slide 10
Slide 11
Seeing Standards:
Visualization of the Metadata Universe
Source: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/
Slide 12
Source: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/
Slide 13
Metadata standards and cataloging rules
(examples)
• Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO)
• Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA)
• CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC CRM)
• International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)
• Dublin Core (DC)
• MARC Standards
• ….
Slide 14
Indexing tools (examples)
• Getty Vocabulaires:
–
–
–
–
Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)
Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)
Cultural Objects Name Authority (CONA)
Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
NAMES
• Thesaurus for Graphic Materials (TGM)
• Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
• Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et
alphabétique unifié (RAMEAU)
• Iconclass
• ….
SUBJECT
Slide 15
Slide 16
LCSH
Not specified
TGM
245
00 |a Harris, Beebe & Co.: The Pocahontas Chewing Tobacco |h [graphic]/
|c The Hatch Lith. Co. N.Y.
520
0_ |a Tobacco package label depicting Pocahontas posed in nature.
600
20 |a Pocahontas, |d d. 1617.
650
_4 |a Indians of North America |x Performances & portrayals |y 1860-1870.
655
_7 |a Tobacco package labels |y 1860-1870. |2 gmgpc
655
_7 |a Chromolithographs |x Color |y 1860-1870. |2 gmgpc
Slide 17
LCSH
Not specified
TGM
245
10 |a Battle of New Orleans and death of Major General Packenham
[sic] on the 8th of January 1815 |h [graphic] / |c West del. ; J. Yeager sc.
520
0_ |a Print shows the Battle of New Orleans from the British
perspective, as British forces advance upon the earthworks or
barricades from which the American forces, under the command of
Andrew Jackson, repel the attack. Includes a head-and-shoulders
portrait of Andrew Jackson, facing slightly left, with American flags and
various weapons, appears below the battle scene. Prominent figures
are identified by letter within the print and a corresponding key that is
printed below the image, to the left and right of the title. In this print,
Major General Lambert is depicted without the cloth or handkerchief
that obscures his face.
600
14 |a Jackson, Andrew, |d 1767-1845 |x Military service.
600
14 |a Pakenham, Edward Michael, |d 1778-1815 |x Death & burial |z
Louisiana |z New Orleans.
650
_0 |a New Orleans, Battle of, New Orleans, La., 1815.
650
_7 |a Campaigns & battles |z Louisiana |z New Orleans |y 1810-1820.
|2 lctgm
651
_4 |a United States |x History |y War of 1812 |x Casualties |x British.
651
_4 |a United States |x History |y War of 1812 |x Campaigns & battles.
655
_7 |a Keys (Legends) |y 1810-1820. |2 gmgpc
655
_7 |a Remarques |y 1810-1820. |2 gmgpc
655
_7 |a Engravings |y 1810-1820. |2 gmgpc
Slide 18
245 10 |a [Exterior view of fish market with several people, shoppers and merchant(?), holding
fish, also a porter with large bundle on his back, and a woman playing a shamisen] |h
[graphic].
650 _7 |a Shopping |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Fishmongers |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Stores & shops |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Merchandise displays |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
TGM
650 _7 |a Porters |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a Street musicians |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
650 _7 |a City & town life |z Japan |y 1860-1880. |2 lctgm
655 _7 |a Book illustrations |y 1870-1880. |2 gmgpc
655 _7 |a Albumen prints |x Hand-colored |y 1870-1880. |2 gmgpc
Slide 19
24510 |a Wild animal display in Wall Drug, Wall, South Dakota |h [graphic].
uncontrolled
TGM
653__ |a Dead animals. |a Mounted animal. |a Wall Drug. |a Hunting. |a
Hunter. |a Kill. |a America.
655_7 |a Digital photographs |x Color |y 2000-2010. |2 gmgpc
Slide 20
1001_ |a Roberti, Ercole de', |d d. 1496, |e artist, |e attributed name.
24510 |a [Sketches for Christ taken prisoner; Judas kiss] |h [graphic].
TGM
655_7 |a Ink drawings |x Italian |y 1473-1496. |2 gmgpc
Slide 21
Images digitization in Poland
Slide 22
Images cataloging in Poland
• MARC21 Bibliographic – adaption for still images (libraries)
• ISBD (libraries)
• Dublin Core (most of cultural heritage institutions)
• CCO
• indexing tools and practices vary from institution to another
Slide 23
Slide 24
Basket of Fruit (c.1599)
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana
Still life
figs
Oil on canvas
grapes
peach
Italian painting
apple
Fruits
Wicker
basket
insect-predated fruits
Archips argyospita
etc., etc…
Slide 25
Eating and drinking spaces
Slide 26
IS,OF, ABOUT to MARC 21 mapping
(proposal)
IS
• 245 title
• 655 genre/form term
OF
• 245 title
• 520 note
• 653 additional subject access point
ABOUT
• 245 title
• 520 note
• 600-651 subject term
Slide 27
Image description – NL of Poland
• 600-651 subject terms (controlled vocabulary)
• overall scope of the document
• 655 genre/form terms (controlled vocabulary)
• type of document, technique, object genre
• 653 additional subject access points
(both controlled and uncontrolled terms)
• secondary, subordinated or less important content elements
• 520 note/summary (free-text)
• meaning, purpose or function
Slide 28
Odwieziony we śnie na Itakę / Stanisław Hiszpański
520 Odysseus, fast asleep in a hidden
harbor on Ithaka. Athena is keeping vigil
over him. In background the sea and an
ship, probably Phaeacian.
600 Odysseus
653 Homerus. Odusseia; Athena; Ithaka;
sea; ship; harbor; man asleep; Greek
mythology; Greek goddesse; gorgoneion
655 Illustration
655 Watercolour
655 Coloured drawing
Slide 29
Haquet et traîneau de brasseur / Jean Victor Adam
520 This print is probably a part of a larger
series entitled 'Voitures'. At center of
composition, a brewer's dray and
sledge loaded with barrels; at right, in
front of a café with an awning, a man
on horseback and a man holding a
barrel; beyond at left, buildings and a
small crowd of soldiers;
653 road; horses; coffeehouse; barrel;
delivery; awning; carriage
655 Genre scene
655 Lithograph
655 Print
Slide 30
[Bukiet kwiatów] / Helena Drzewiecka
650 Flowers
653 pansy; iris; lily; ancolie; rose;
bouquet
655 Gouache
655 Painting
Slide 31
… doomed failure?
„What we really expect in a work of art is a certain
personal element – we expect artist to have, if not a
distinguished mind, at least a distinguished sensibility.
We expect him to reveal something to us that is original
– a unique and private vision of the world.”
Herbert Read, Meaning of Art, London 1968, p. 27
Slide 32
Thank you for your
attention!
Wanda Klenczon
[email protected]
Paweł Rygiel
[email protected]