Slide 1

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 2

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 3

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 4

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 5

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 6

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 7

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 8

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 9

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 10

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 11

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 12

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 13

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 14

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 15

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 16

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 17

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 18

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 19

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 20

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 21

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 22

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 23

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 24

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 25

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 26

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 27

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 28

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 29

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 30

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 31

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 32

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 33

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 34

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 35

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 36

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 37

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 38

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 39

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 40

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 41

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 42

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 43

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 44

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 45

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 46

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 47

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 48

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 49

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 50

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 51

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 52

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 53

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 54

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 55

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 56

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 57

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 58

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 59

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 60

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 61

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 62

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 63

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 64

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 65

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 66

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 67

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 68

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 69

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 70

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 71

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 72

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 73

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 74

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 75

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 76

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 77

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 78

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 79

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 80

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 81

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 82

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 83

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 84

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 85

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 86

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 87

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 88

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 89

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 90

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 91

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 92

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 93

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 94

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 95

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 96

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 97

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 98

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 99

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 100

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 101

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 102

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 103

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 104

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 105

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 106

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 107

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 108

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 109

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 110

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 111

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 112

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 113

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 114

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 115

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 116

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 117

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 118

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 119

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 120

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 121

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 122

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 123

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 124

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 125

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 126

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 127

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 128

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 129

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 130

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 131

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 132

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 133

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 134

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 135

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 136

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 137

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 138

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 139

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 140

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 141

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 142

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 143

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 144

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 145

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 146

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 147

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 148

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 149

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 150

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 151

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 152

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 153

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 154

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 155

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 156

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 157

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 158

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 159

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 160

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 161

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 162

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 163

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 164

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 165

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 166

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 167

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 168

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 169

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 170

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 171

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 172

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 173

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 174

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 175

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 176

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 177

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 178

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 179

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 180

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 181

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 182

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 183

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 184

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 185

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 186

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 187

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 188

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 189

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 190

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 191

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 192

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 193

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 194

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 195

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 196

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 197

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 198

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 199

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 200

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 201

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 202

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 203

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 204

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 205

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 206

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 207

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 208

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 209

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 210

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 211

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 212

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 213

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 214

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 215

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 216

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 217

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 218

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 219

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 220

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 221

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 222

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 223

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 224

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 225

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 226

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 227

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 228

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 229

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 230

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 231

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 232

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 233

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 234

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 235

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 236

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 237

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 238

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill


Slide 239

Rare and Incredible Pictures
a walk thru Black History

Frederick Patterson Standing Beside a
Patterson-Greenfield Automobile Chassis, ca. 1915.

Slave castle at Elmina, Central Region. The dungeons where slaves were kept
for months before being shipped out to the Western world. You can still
smell and see the blood, now black pigment, on the walls.

In 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King (right) appeared with Muhammad Ali
in Louisville to fight for fair housing.

Muhammad Ali and Stevie Wonder at The Apollo, 1963

Muhammad Ali and his daughter, Laila Ali by Michael Gaffney. 1978

22nd December 1971: Muhammad Ali trains for his fight against the
West German Jurgen Blin, with his daughters in tow

Malcolm X leads a group of Black Muslim protestors carrying picket signs demanding freedom of religion. 1963

Malcolm X in Sudan with Sheik Ahmed Hassoun, 1959

Alex Haley & Malcolm X

Malcolm X and Maya Angelou in
Ghana, West Africa (1964)

Three massive lightning bolts hit the earth within 15 seconds at the Voortrekker Monument just outside Pretoria, South Africa.

1950’s style

Black Ivy Panther

councilman L.O. Payne's all
female black basketball
team (1935

9/2/1972-Munich, Germany- Uganda’s John
Akii-Bua ( (December 3, 1949 – June 20, 1997)
kisses his gold medal out of sheer joy during
the awards ceremony following his win in the
400-meter hurdles event. Akii-Bua’s winning
time of 47.82 seconds was a new world record
for the event. Akii-Bua was the first African to
win gold in an event under 800 metres. He was
also the first man to break the 48 seconds
barrier in the 400 metre hurdles, an event so
gruelling its nickname is ‘The Mankiller’. John
Akii-Bua, is recognized as inventing the victory
lap. After winning gold at the 1972 Olympics in
the 400m hurdles he was so overwhelmed
with joy that when a spectator handed him a
Ugandan flag, he ran around the track waving
the flag, the first ever victory lap - beginning
the victor’s ‘lap of honour’ tradition.

Donnie & Roberta

Donny Hathaway, wife Eulaulah, and daughters Lalah and Kenya

A jam session with Duke Ellington. Photograph by Gjon Mili.
1940

Finding the unmarked trains designated for blacks involved guesswork. Passengers had to
jump across tracks, and some were killed by express trains

Bob Marley & the Wailers & The Jackson 5

86 Years of
Marriage!!!! 104
and 101 yrs old
wow!

Barack and Michelle
Obama married on
October 3rd in 1992 in
Chicago, Illinois.

President Obama and his family arriving at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial for the dedication ceremony.
The memorial to the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is the first monument on the National Mall and its adjoining
parks to honor an African-American.

Family night!

Diahann Carroll
performing at JFK’s
birthday party in 1962,
with Marilyn Monroe in
the crowd watching. She
looks pretty enamored!

Bern Keating, 1954, Mississippi / USA
‘Blacks seated in back of bus under Mississippi
segregation law’ / from ‘Black Star’

DeWitty/Audacious, Nebraska (1908
Children of Black Homesteaders in Cherry County,
Nebraska

Ossie Davis & Ruby Dee they are
a perfect example of everlasting
Black love! 52yrs of marriage!!

Mnemba island, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Coco Island, Seychelles

Somali coastline

Kalandula Falls, Malagne, Angola

Maletsunyane waterfall, Lesotho

Africa - Ethnolinguistic Map of the Peoples (1972)
Published in December 1971 with the article “The Zulus: Black
Nation in a Land of Apartheid,” this map is a supplement to the
“Heritage of Africa” map printed in the same issue. Featuring a
physical map with the names of groups and their languages, this
map also contains beautiful illustrations and interesting facts
about the diverse peoples that inhabit the continent.

Josephine baker in the dressing
room of the Johann Strauss
theater in Vienna, 1928

Demonstrators sit, with their feet in the Reflecting Pool,
during the March on Washington
August 28, 1963

New York, New York, USA --6/13/1958-New York, NY: Costars Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban greet nine very
special guests of the stage of
the Imperial Theatre, home of
the musical comedy hit
"Jamaica," here June 13. Their
visitors are the Central High
School students from Litte
Rock, AR, who sucessfully
waged an integration battle last
year

Lena Horne and Ricardo
Montalban in rehearsal for the
1958 musical, Jamaica.

Huey Newton & Elaine
Brown

Kathleen &
Eldridge
Cleaver

Black Panther
Party
Breakfast
Programs

Madame CJ Walker home

Double VV campaign in Harlem
1942

Mary McCloud-Bethune

Ida B. Wells

Barnett, Ferdinand Lee (1864?-1932)
Ferdinand Barnett, Ida B. Wells and
Their Family, 1917

Lena Horne and the Rev. Dr.
Marin Luther King, Jr. at a party
Ms. Horne gave in Dr. King's
honor in New York in 1963.

Stokely
Carmichael,
leader of the
Student NonViolent
Coordinating
Committee; the
Rev. Martin
Luther King Jr.,
president of the
Southern
Christian
Leadership
Conference; and
Floyd McKissick,
speaking, national
director of the
Congress of Racial
Equality.

Dr. King and Mrs.
King with baby
daughter in 1950's

Dr. King delivers one of his last
speeches in 1968

Desegregating bus in
Montgomery, Alabama Ralph
Abernathy, unidentified woman,
& Dr. King 1956

Martin Luther King, Jr. of SCLC With Stokely Carmichael of SNCC During the March Against Fear in Mississippi, June

Dorothy Dandridge by Edward Clark 1951

A couple who moved into an all-white neighborhood in Chicago
looking at graffiti in front of their home. Photograph by Francis
Miller. Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1957

REDD FOXX, NANCY WILSON, HARRY BELAFONTE,
SAMMY DAVIS JR. ELLA FITZGERALD, BILLY
ECKSTINE, JOE WILLIAMS & OTHERS IN VEGAS

Josephine Baker returns to the US, New York City, 1950

To counter the negative images of African Americans in
the late 19th century, W.E.B. Du Bois displayed portraits
of middle-class blacks at the Paris Exposition of 1900.” The Root: The Talented Tenth in Pictures

One of the founders of Omega Psi Phi
Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941)
was a pioneering African American biologist, academic
and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition
of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the
development of organisms. In his work within marine
biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the
study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than
simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.

Dr. Ernest E. Just (18831941)

Holiday sits with fellow jazz legends, vocalist Sarah
Vaughan, trumpeter Louis Armstrong and friend
Howard Dennis in 1950.

Wilson Pickett and Jimi Hendrix,
1966.

Ella Fitzgerald, Duke
Ellington and Benny
Goodman, New York,
1948

Chicago Night
Clubs, 1970s
Between 1975
and 1977,
Michael
Abramson hit
Chicago’s
South Side
night clubs –
Perv’s House,
Pepper’s
Hideout, The
High
Chaparral, The
Patio Lounge,
and The
Showcase
Lounge, not to
capture the
artists on
stage, instead
popping off a
half dozen rolls
every night on
the crowd.

Richard Wright, photographed in his New York
study by Gordon Parks, May 1943

African American baseball team, Danbury, Connecticut Edward David Ritton, photographer ca. 1880

Nina Simone performing at the Pan-African Festival in
Algiers (1969)

Lenny,Belafonte
& Poitier at the
NAACP Image
Awards.

It took two
Secret Service
agents and a
White House
intern, but
they did finally
pry her loose.
LOL

GQ 1931
Image from the book, A True Likeness: The Black South of
Richard Samuel Roberts, 1920-1936. Richard Samuel
Roberts, photographer. African American Vernacular
Photography via Black History Album.

Minnie Riperton and her
daughter Maya Rudolph

Located in the Mahdia Governorate region of Tunisia, El Djem is home to some of the most impressive Roman remains in Africa.

Howard University
Graduating class of 1900

Howard university women
watching a football game
game

Howard University featured in Life Magazine circa
1946

Howard UHoward University featured in Life
Magazine circa 1946.

Howard University students photographed in their
dorm by LIFE magazine’s Alfred Eisenstaedt for a
November 1946 photo essay.

Alpha Kappa Alpha at Howard
University, Washington, D.C.
1946.

Spelman
College 1892

Beta Chapter, Alpha Phi Alpha,
Howard University, 1913.

Vintage Harlem 1940’s

Mother grooming her daughter for healthiestbaby contest held at all African American fair.
Memphis, TN, 1941.

Arturo Alfonso (January 24, 1874 –June 8, 1938) Schomburg was born in
Puerto Rico on January 24, 1874. He began his education in a primary
school in San Juan, where he studied reading, penmanship, sacred history,
church history, arithmetic, Spanish grammar, history, agriculture and
commerce. Arturo’s fifth-grade teacher is said to have told him that “Black
people have no history, no heroes, no great moments.” Because of this
and his participation in a history club, Schomburg developed a thirst for
knowledge about people of African descent and began his lifelong quest
studying the history and collecting the books and artifacts that made up
the core of his unique and extensive library.

Willa Brown Chappell was a pioneering aviator who co-founded the
National Airmen’s Association of America, an organization whose
mission was to get African Americans into the United States Air Force.
Inspired by Bessie Coleman, Chappell (then known as Willa Beatrice
Brown) started taking flying lessons in 1934 at Chicago’s Aeronautical
University. She earned her pilot’s license in 1937, making herthe first
African-American woman to be licensed to fly in the United States. In
1940, she and her first husband, Lieutenant Cornelius R. Coffey started
the Coffey School of Aeronautics, where some of the approximately 200
pilots who trained there eventually became “Tuskegee Airmen.” Born in
Glasgow, Kentucky on January 22, 1906, she died on July 18, 1992 at the
age of 86.

We all know about the famous
Tuskegee Airmen, but have you
ever thought about women
being pilots in those times as
well? Start thinking and do your
research on these extraordinary
women. Today we honor the
often overlooked Tuskegee
Airwomen.

Lena Horne with cadets
at the Tuskegee Airbase
in Tuskegee, Alabama in
1945.

Anderson, Charles A. "Chief" (19071996)
Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles
Anderson, April 1941
On April 19, 1941, First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Institute.
During her visit she asked Chief
Anderson if African Americans could
really navigate the skies. Anderson
invited her to fly with him. Mrs.
Roosevelt agreed and was flown
over Tuskegee. This short but
significant flight is credited with
helping to persuade President
Franklin Roosevelt to establish
military flight training at Tuskegee
later that year.

Archer, Lee (1919-2010)
Lee Andrew Archer Jr., Tuskegee Airman Ace in
World War II, was born on September 6, 1919 in
Yonkers, New York. His father was Lee Archer, Sr.
and his mother was May Piper Archer. He was
raised in Harlem and attended New York City’s
Dewitt Clinton High School. In 1941, he left New
York University where he was majoring in
international relations to join the military. In 1941,
Archer joined the Army and applied to become a
pilot in the Army Air Corps but was rejected
because the Corps did not allow blacks to become
pilots during this time.

The Tuskegee Airmen were
dedicated, determined young
men who enlisted to become
America's first black military
airmen, at a time when there
were many people who
thought that black men lacked
intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism. They came from
every section of the country,
with large numbers coming
from New York City,
Washington, Los Angeles,
Chicago, Philadelphia and
Detroit. Each one possessed a
strong personal desire to serve
the United States of America
at the best of his ability.

President
Barack
Obama and
First Lady
Michelle
Obama greet
Tuskegee
Airmen
prior... to a
screening of
Red Tails
Movie in the
Family
Theater of the
White House,
Jan. 13, 2012

Members of the 6888th
Central Postal Directory
Battalion take part in a parade
ceremony in honor of Joan
d’Arc at the marketplace where
she was burned at the stake
(Rouen, France).

Monument to the African Renaissance. Dakar,
Senegal

Luxor, Egypt (ancient
temple near Nile river)

Temples of Abu Simbel,
Nubia, Egypt

Africa's
sunset

La Digue,
Seychelles

Abu Simbel at Night

Make a Wish (Bronx Slave
Market, 170th Street, New
York), 1938

Members of the 32nd and 33rd
Company’s Women’s Army
Auxiliary Corps basketball team,
playing a game of basketball.
Fort Huachuca Arizona ca. 19391945

Photograph of the Links Social
Club, Los Angeles, ca. 1938

Dorothy Dandridge with beauty pageant
contestants. Los Angeles, California 1946

Nelson
Mandela
wiping the
tears of a
very
emotional
Whitney
Houston on
the steps of
the Union
Buildings in
Pretoria in
1994.

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the
infamous civil rights photographer, Ernest Withers who
also doubled as a FBI Informant

Photograph taken at the trial of Emmett Till by the infamous civil
rights photographer, Ernest Withers who also doubled as a FBI
Informant

Cesar Chavez and Bobby Seale
meet students from Malcolm X
Elementary, 1972.

A rare pic of First Lady Michelle
Obama as a dancer.

James Baldwin and Lena
Horne

The Kilimanjaro Presents Miss
Tanzania 1967” Dar-es-salaam.

Stylish Young Afr.Am. Couple plus 1

W. E. B. Du Bois Cutting the
Birthday Cake for his 95th
Birthday in Ghana, 1963

Children Dance to Rock ‘n Roll in
in Harlem’s Mount Morris Park
New York City, NY, 1968

Dorothy Counts
(b. 1942)
Dorothy Counts
was the
daughter of a
Johnson C.
Smith
University
professor. At
age 15, she
became the
first black
student to
attend
Charlotte's allwhite Harding
High School.
This action
challenged
segregation,
the practice of
keeping people
separated
according to
their race.

Blanche Calloway (February
9, 1904 - December 16,
1978) was a Jazz singer,
bandleader, and composer
from Baltimore, Maryland.
She is not as well known as
her younger brother Cab
Calloway, but she may have
been the first woman to
lead an all male orchestra.
Cab Calloway often credited
her with being the reason
he got into show business.
She made her first
recordings in 1925, with
Louis Armstrong as a
sideman on the session.

Marcus Garvey UNIA parade
Marcus Garvey and his organization, the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), represent the largest mass movement in AfricanAmerican history.

Brother Patrice Lumumba

The Coloured Hockey League of the
Maritimes (1890s-1920s)
Nova Scotian Black Hockey Team,
ca. 1910 Nova Scotia is considered
the place of origin of modern ice
hockey.

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)
Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended
the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the
second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining
an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA,
because UCLA did not have an architecture program. Streeter
graduated with a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1955.

in better times...Deion
Sanders wife & Kids at the
hall of fame induction.
Beautiful!!!!! with Snoop
in the back

Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 –
October 2, 1981), a jazz and
classical pianist and singer with
Lena Horne (June 30, 1917 – May
9, 2010), an American singer,
actress, civil rights activist and
dancer.

Boley, Oklahoma (1903- )
Boley Town Council, ca. 1910

Simmons, Ruth
(1945- )
Ruth Simmons is the
first African
American to be
named President of
an Ivy League
university. She is
also the first African
American woman to
lead any major
university in the
United States.
Simmons was sworn
in as the 18th
President of Brown
University in autumn
2001 and the
University’s first
woman President.

Highland Beach,
Maryland (1893)
Highland Beach
Picnic Group,
1931

Dearfield, Colorado
1910 after four years of searching for a location that would accommodate two hundred families, Oliver Toussaint Jackson
established Dearfield, a black agricultural colony on the arid high plains of Colorado.By 1915 Dearfield had gone from seven
families living in tents, dugouts and caves in the hillside to twenty-seven families living in wooden cabins. The next five years
would see the settlement grow to a population of seventy with their own school, restaurant, grocery store, boarding house, and
two churches.Unfortunately the end of World War I in 1918 also brought an end to the settlement’s sturdy growth. As the
demand for their crops dropped the families began to default on their mortgages and equipment loans. One by one the families
sold their farms until there were only twelve people living in Dearfield in 1940. The last resident was Jackson’s niece Jenny
Jackson, who lived there until her death in 1973.

Sign placed in front of the Memphis
zoo in 1959 on Thursday Negro day,
the only day of the week that African
Americans were allowed to visit the
facility.

Lewis, Oliver (1856-1924)
In 1875, Oliver Lewis became the first jockey to win the Kentucky
Derby, America's longest continuous sporting event

Coachman, Alice Marie (1923)
Alice Coachman became the
first African American woman
from any country to win an
Olympic Gold Medal when she
competed at the 1948
Summer Olympics in London.
Born November 9, 1923, in
Albany, Georgia, to Evelyn and
Fred Coachman, Alice was the
fifth of ten children. As an
athletic child of the Jim Crow
South, who was denied access
to regular training facilities,
Coachman trained by running
on dirt roads and creating her
own hurdles to practice
jumping.

Emanciaption_Day_Parade_
Richmond, VA Jan 1,1905

Doris Miller, known as "Dorie" to shipmates and friends, was born
in Waco, Texas, on 12 October 1919,
Famous for firing a 50 caliber Browning anti-aircraft machine gun
for 15 minutes during the attack on Pearl Harbor until he ran out
of ammo. (Ordinarily this is not unusual - except that Dorie was
the Ships Cook!) He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions
beyond the call of duty. Ship's cook Doris "Dorie" Miller

The golden thirteen- In March, 1944, the first African-American
naval officers in U.S. history were commissioned at Great Lakes
Naval Training Center. Twelve ensigns and one warrant officer
made American military history, and went on to serve with
distinction in World War II. They called themselves the Golden
Thirteen. One of these men, William S. White, went on to become
a Judge on the Illinois Appellate Court. Today, Building 1405,
located onboard Recruit Training Command, is dedicated to the
Golden Thirteen and their significant contribution to history.

African american soliders of Troop C, 9th calvary regiment, at camp Lawton, Washington before shipping out to the
Philippines in 1900

1877 Henry O. Flipper becomes the first
colored American to graduate from West
Point.

McLaurin, George W. (1887-1968)
George W. McLaurin provided the Oklahoma civil rights case that damaged the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” legal
position beyond repair. He held a master’s degree from the University of Kansas and taught at the all-black Langston University
until 1948. NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall, Oklahoma attorney Amos T. Hall, and Black Dispatch newspaper editor Roscoe
Dunjee supported McLaurin’s efforts, along with five other African American students, to pursue advanced professional degrees
at the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin’s cases worked in conjunction with Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher’s suit to open higher
education to African Americans in Oklahoma, and lay the foundation for Brown v. Board of Education.

Booker T. Washington and his children Ernest Davidson
Washington (standing left), Booker T. Washington, Jr., and niece
Laura Murray Washington.

Booker T. Washington, 1915

Thomas, Vivien (1910-1985)
Described as the “most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant
in the African American community,” by Dr. Levi Watkins, Jr., Vivien
Thomas received an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University
in 1976, and while this was undoubtedly memorable, the decades which
preceded this moment were equally unforgettable.

Johnson, Henry (1897-1929)
Henry Johnson in New York City Ticker Tape Parade, 1919 Henry Johnson’s claim to fame was his remarkable performance during
WWI in France on the night of May 14, Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts were assigned to sentry duty at a bridge held by
American forces. They were ambushed by a 20 man German Army raiding party. Although Roberts was taken prisoner, Johnson
killed four German soldiers in hand-to-hand combat, wounded twenty others and rescued Roberts. His heroic stubborn defense
of the bridge sent the other German soldiers into retreat. After this skirmish which was soon dubbed the Battle of Henry
Johnson,” it was discovered that the sergeant was wounded 21 times. He was treated in a French hospital for bayonet wounds in
the back, stabs on the left arm and knife cuts on the face and lips. Johnson was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France’s highest
military honor, becoming the first enlisted American soldier to win the medal.

Lewis, Kossola Cudjo (c. 1841–1935)
Cudjo Lewis is considered the last survivor of the last slave ship to
enter the United States. Born around 1841 to a Yoruba family in the
Banté region of Dahomey (today Benin),

Manley, Effa (1900-1981)
Abe and Effa Manley Born in 1900,In 1935, the Manleys coowned a Negro League baseball team, called the Eagles, in
Brooklyn, New York. The team relocated to Newark, New Jersey
the following year. As business manager for the team, Effa’s
responsibilities included financial management, contractual
negotiations, and team promotion. The team won the Negro
League World Series in 1946.

Mr. Winton Walker
and his Second
Street School
pupils, circa 1920

Houston Negro Chamber of Commerce, 1946

Ernie Banks, Larry Doby, Matty
Brescia, Jackie Robinson and
unidentified boys at Martin’s
Stadium, Memphis, TN, 1953

Unidentified_Black_Civil_War_Sol
dier 1864

It’s Showtime, 1922

Members at 1921 Delta Sigma Theta’s national Convention, hosted by
Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania. Shown left to right:
front, Virginia Margaret Alexander, Julia Mae Polk, Sadie Tanner
Mossell; row 2, Anna R. Johnson, Nellie Rathbone Bright, Pauline Alice
Young.

1954-55 Attucks team
INDIANAPOLIS -- As he and his newly retired high school basketball jersey paraded to the center of the Conseco Fieldhouse floor
Thursday, Oscar Robertson barely grinned. Even if no one else knew, he did. The moment was bigger than him, his Hall of Fame
career or any number he ever wore on his back.
His graying hair and growing midsection told fans it had been a long time since Robertson and his Crispus Attucks High School
teammates became the nation's first all-black team to win a state championship. But 54 years, as it turns out, doesn't heal all
wounds. It doesn't make the fight go away.
So when an Indianapolis promoter first approached Robertson last month about retiring his jersey as part of a celebration to
honor the basketball traditions at Attucks and Washington high schools, he said no. Not unless they honored the entire
groundbreaking 1954-55 Attucks team. Not unless they raised a banner for coaches Ray Crowe and Al Spurlock. And not unless
they retired the numbers of eight other former Tigers who made the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Charlie Parker and Miles Davis

Abbott, Robert Sengstacke (1870-1940)
Born in 1870 to formerly enslaved parents, Abbott attended Hampton
Institute in Virginia and then went on to graduate from Kent Law School (now
Chicago-Kent College of Law) in 1899. In May 1905 he started publishing the
Chicago Defender. In the early years he personally sold subscriptions to the
paper and advertising by going door to door.
The paper attacked racial injustice, particularly lynching in the south. The
Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead,
African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women
as "Race men and Race women." Many places in the south effectively banned
the paper, especially when, during World War I, Abbott actively tried to
convince southern blacks to migrate to the north. Abbott managed to get
railroad porters to carry his papers south and he ran articles, editorials,
cartoons — even train schedules and job listings — to convince the Defender’s
southern readers to come north. The “Great Northern Migration,” as it was
called in the Defender, resulted in more than one million blacks migrating
north, about 100,000 of them coming to Chicago. The Defender was passed
from person to person, and read aloud in barbershops and churches. It is
estimated that at its height each paper sold was read by four to five African
Americans, putting its readership at over 500,000 people each week.
In the burgeoning economic times of the 1920s, with hundreds of new
products and the growth of advertising, the Defender became an economic
success and Abbott became one of the first African American millionaires. He
died in Chicago in 1940, with the Defender still a success

Follis, Charles W. (1879-1910)
The first African American professional football player, Charles W.
Follis, was born February 3, 1879, in Cloverdale, Virginia.
In 1904, Follis signed a contract with the Shelby Athletic Club,
later the Shelby Blues. With that contract, he became the first
professional African American football player. Follis played on the
team with Branch Rickey, the Ohio Wesleyan University student
and future Brooklyn Dodger owner who would sign Jackie
Robinson to integrate major league baseball in 1947.
Like other players who integrated sport teams, Follis faced
discrimination. Players on other team targeted Follis with rough
play that resulted in injuries. At a game in Toledo in 1905, fans
taunted him with racial slurs until the Toledo team captain
addressed the crowd and asked them to stop. In Shelby, Follis
joined his teammates at a local tavern after a game; the owner
denied him entry. At the Thanksgiving Day game of the 1906
season, Follis suffered a career-ending injury.
Follis turned to baseball, a sport he played for many years in the
spring and summer. Having played for the Wooster College and
in the Ohio Trolley League, Follis was an experienced baseball
player, but could only play in segregated baseball leagues. He
played for the Cuban Giants, a black baseball team, as a catcher.

"Billie Holiday stands with LAPD Detective Gosline in front of a
courtroom while awaiting trial in the early 1950s. Holiday was
singing “Strange Fruit” (a song about the lynching of AfricanAmericans) in a West Hollywood club, when a member of the
audience proceeded to heckle her. She left the stage midway
through the song, allegedly slashed the heckler with a knife, and
resumed singing. She was charged with assault and battery but
the case was dismissed when the victim, under cross-examination
by Walter Gordon, refused to give his name and address."

Jackie Robinson__With_ Joe
Louis in 1946

Dicky also spelled Dickie ,
byname of William Wells
(born June 10, 1907/09,
Centerville, Tenn., U.S.—
died Nov. 12, 1985, New
York, N.Y.) leading black
American jazz trombonist
noted, especially in the
big band era, for his
melodic creativity and
expressive techniques.

The Niagara
Movement
Annual
Meeting,
Boston,
1907

The Niagara Movement—the first,
collective civil rights movement of the
20th century—took shape in July 1905
when W. E. B. Du Bois gathered an elite
group of African Americans to challenge
the accommodation policies of Booker
T. Washington.

Benjamin O. Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912–July 4, 2002) was
an American general, commander of the World War II
Tuskegee Airmen.

Alpha Phi Alpha Basketball Team, 1926

Class of 1900. Ga. State Ind.
College

Black men and women
owned and operated their
own business. This
picture was made about
1910 in front of the
Queen City Drug Store on
E. Second St. in Brooklyn.
Almost all of Brooklyn or
Second Ward was
demolished by the City's
Urban Renewal program
in the 1960's and 1970's.

Harlem Hellfighters 27
December 1917 The
369th Infantry
Regiment (or "Harlem
Hellfighters") was the
first all-black U.S.
combat unit to be
shipped overseas
during WWI.
Unfortunately, this
distinction was the
result of a violent
racial incident in
Spartanburg, South
Carolina.

Colored_Teamsters

Success is not final, failure is not
fatal: it is the courage to continue
that counts.
Winston Churchill