Transcript Lecture 01 - Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Slide 1
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 2
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 3
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 4
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 5
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 6
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 7
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 8
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 9
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 10
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 11
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 12
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 13
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 14
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 15
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 16
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 17
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 18
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 19
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 20
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 21
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 22
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 23
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 24
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 25
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 26
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 27
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 28
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 29
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 30
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 31
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 32
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 33
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 34
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 35
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 36
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 37
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 38
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 39
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 40
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 41
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 2
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 3
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 4
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 5
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 6
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 7
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 8
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 9
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 10
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 11
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 12
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 13
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 14
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 15
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 16
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 17
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 18
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 19
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 20
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 21
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 22
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 23
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 24
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 25
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 26
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 27
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 28
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 29
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 30
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 31
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 32
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 33
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 34
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 35
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 36
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 37
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 38
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 39
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 40
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Slide 41
ENGI 1313 Mechanics I
Lecture 01:
Course Introduction and General
Principles
Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
[email protected]
ENGI 1313 Resources
Textbook
2
Engineering Mechanics
Statics and Dynamics,
11th Edition
R.C. Hibbeler
Pearson Prentice Hall
(ISBN 0-13-221509-8)
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
Statics Study Pack
Chapter reviews
Access to Pearson
Prentice Hall website
• wps.prenhall.com/
esm_hibbeler_engmech_11
3
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
MUN Engineering Instructor Website
Course information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Courses
Professor contact information
• www.engr.mun.ca/~spkenny/Contact
Office Hours
• Mon. & Wed. (3-5PM)
• Other times can be scheduled by appointment
4
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
ENGI 1313 Resources
General Websites
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Statics
www.mun.ca/orientation/
www.etipsforagrades.com
www.studygs.net/
5
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Academic & Administrative Policies
MUN Engineering Website
Engineering exam policy
• http://www.engr.mun.ca/undergrad/
MUN Website
University regulations
• http://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/
Student policies
• http://www.mun.ca/student/policies/
6
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Schedule
Lectures
Day:
Time:
Location:
No Lectures
Oct. 8 & 9
Nov. 12
7
Mon., Tue., Wed. & Fri
0900-0950
IIC2001
Fall Break
Remembrance Day
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Planned Lecture Schedule
8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Educational Process
Critical thinking
Making mistakes
Asking questions
Learning
Applying knowledge
Engagement
Professional development
9
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Course Perspective
Fundamental Engineering Course
Mechanics
Foundation to build upon
Work Ethic
Regular study habits
• Lecture and tutorial schedule is known
Critical thinking & problem solving…
Critical thinking & problem solving
10
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Objective of the Lecture Notes
to explicitly follow the textbook
to provide complement the textbook by
providing additional worked examples
to occasionally present complementary
material that illustrates practical
engineering applications of the theory
11
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Lecture 01 Objectives
to introduce field of mechanics
to introduce some fundamental concepts
to review units of measurement and
systems
to provide guidance on engineering
calculation procedures and analysis
12
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Introduction to Mechanics
Mechanics
Rigid Body
Mechanics
Deformation
Mechanics
• Statics
• Dynamics
13
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Fluid
Mechanics
This course only examines
Rigid Body Mechanics: Statics
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Statics
Effect of loads on bodies in static equilibrium
• Balanced loads
• At rest or under motion at constant velocity
14
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Kinematics
15
Effect of motion without consideration of loads
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
General Principles
Dynamics
Effect of loads on
bodies in motion
• Unbalanced loads
• Acceleration
16
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Brief Historical Perspective
Engineering Mechanics and Principles
Geometry
Empirical
Societal Applications
Military
Civilian
Shipbuilding
17
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axle
18
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
19
Inclined
Plane
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
20
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Simple Machines
21
Lever
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Particle
• Constant mass
• Negligible size
22
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Rigid Body
• Combination of particles
• Finite size
• Relative position of
•
P
P
Rigid Body
particles remain fixed
No internal deformation
P
P
Deformable Body
23
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Idealizations
Concentrated Force
• Load effects acting
•
24
at a point on a body
Load acts on small
dimensions relative
to body size
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basis of classical mechanics
Motion Momentum
p mv
• Massive, rigid body
• Empirical
• Inertial reference frame
(no acceleration)
25
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 1st Law – Inertia
• Rest
• Constant velocity
V = 0, v
Particle equilibrium
F1
Unbalanced forces
F3
• External
• Change in velocity, acceleration
26
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
F2
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 2nd Law – Acceleration
Object in motion
Unbalanced external forces
Acceleration
• Proportional to force magnitude
• Direction of applied net unbalanced force
d
m v m a
F
dt
27
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s 3rd Law – Reciprocal Action
Action Reaction
• To every action
•
•
28
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction
Equal force
magnitude
Opposite force
sense
or direction
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Newton’s Law of
Gravitational Attraction
Point-to-point mass
attraction through centers
• Force
point mass
1 / distance2
F G
29
m1 m 2
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Weight
Force acting on particle due to gravity
g = acceleration due to gravity
• Varies altitude, latitude not absolute
• Standard is 9.80665 m/s2
W mG
30
me
r
2
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
mg
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Physical Quantities
31
Characteristics
• Measurement process
• System of units
Length (L)
• Distance, size
• Relative position of points in space
Time (T)
• Sequence or succession of events
Mass (M)
• Intrinsic property of matter
• Relative action between bodies
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Fundamental Concepts
Forces
Type
• Direct contact
• Electromagnetic
• Gravitational
Characteristics
• Magnitude
• Direction
• Point of application
32
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Standardized Quantity Physical Property
Scientific method reproducible
Economic and scientific drivers
Historical Context
Human body
• Examples: digit, palm, cubit
Variability
• Examples: Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman
33
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
International System of Units
Unified, rational system
• Units of measurement
• Decimal system
34
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Imperial and US Customary
35
Similarities and differences
Multiple units of measurement
• Length inch, foot, chain, furlong
• Mass grain, ounce, pound,
Relatively more complex rules for conversion
• 12 inches
= 1 foot
• 5280 feet
= 1 mile
• 16 ounces = 1 pound (mass)
Confusion on units
• Pound force versus pound mass
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Base Units
Fundamental structure for the system of units
• SI meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
• FPS foot (ft), pound (lb), second (s)
36
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Units of Measurement
Derived Units
Physical laws
Base units
Symbol
Base Units Dimension
Force
N
kgms-2
MLT-2
Pressure
Pa
kgm2s-2
ML2T-2
Energy
J
kgm-1s-2
ML-1T-2
Compound Units
37
Quantity
Area, volume
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Calculations
Significant Figures and Rounding
Measurement tools and error
• Basis of engineering data
• Precision versus accuracy
Computational tools
• Numerical precision
• Constants (e.g. e, )
Consistent Use
• Measurement
• Reporting
38
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
meters
millimeters
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement
Applicable Theory
Dimensionally homogeneous, consistent units
Significant figures and rounding
Assessment
39
Assumptions, limitations and constraints
Problem Solution
Objective
Data and diagrams
Known and unknown quantities
Engineering judgment, common sense
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
Representative Problems
Hibbeler (2007) Textbook
Problem Set Degree of Difficulty Estimated Time
Easy
5-10min
1-17 to 1-20
Medium
10-15min
Study Pack
40
1-1 to 1-16
Review questions 1 to 8
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01
References
41
Hibbeler (2007)
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_hibbeler_engmech_1
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.royalwwc2007.com
http://www.liebherr.com/lh/
www.ultimaterollercoaster.com
http://www.rlphotos.com/
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gw_tb_gp.htm
http://www.starlight-theatre.ca/images/013.JPG
http://www.slrugby.com
© 2007 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
ENGI 1313 Statics I – Lecture 01