Slide 1

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 2

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 3

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 4

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 5

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 6

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 7

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 8

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 9

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 10

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 11

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 12

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 13

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 14

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 15

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 16

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 17

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 18

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 19

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 20

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 21

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8


Slide 22

WALL FRAMING


Section 6 of AS 1684
relates to the regulations
governing timber wall
construction

Wall Members
T im b e r o r m e t a l b r a c in g
To p p l a t e
Sheet
b r a c in g
Com m on
stud
L in te l

N o g g in g

W all
in te r s e c t io n

B o t t o m p la te

J a c k s tu d
Jam b stud

6.1.1 Scope
This Section sets out the requirements for
the construction of conventional stud-framed
walls and shall be used in conjunction with

Span Tables 7 to 20 (single or upper-storey
construction),
36 to 48 (lower-storey construction), or

51A and 53 (verandahs and posts) of the
Supplements.

6.2.1 Studs
Common studs may be straightened
by ‘crippling’ with saw cuts and cleats
(see Figure 6.2). Up to 20% of
common studs, including those in
bracing walls may be crippled.
Studs at the sides of openings and
studs supporting concentration of load
shall not be crippled.

6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs
(crippling)

S a w -c u t
D /2 m a x .

600 m m
m in.

D

42 x 19 x 600 m m
m in . le n g t h c le a ts
fix e d w it h 4 /5 0 m m
n a ils

6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
N o g g in g s a t m a x .
8 0 0 m m spa cing

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

P r o v id e m in im u m
2 0 0 m m lo n g s tu d
s iz e b lo c k s s p a c e d
m ax. 800 m m apart

S tu d s to b e s e c u re ly
fix e d w ith b lo c k in g
a n d n a ils

S p e c ia l fix in g
m a y b e r e q u ir e d
fo r in te rn a l lin in g s

S u ita b le fo r e x te rn a l
b ric k v e n e e r w a lls

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates


The maximum size and spacing of
cuts, holes, notches, and the like, in
studs and plates shall be in
accordance with Figure 6.4 and
Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 (page 61)
TAB LE

6 .1 P 59 A S 1 68 4. 2

H O L E S A N D N O T C H E S I N ST U D S A N D P L A T E S
Li m i ts
D e s cri p ti o n
N o t ch e d

N o t n o t ch e d

A

D is t a n c e b et w e en h o l es a n d /o r
n o t c h es in s t u d b r e ad t h

M in i m u m 3 D

M in i m u m 3 D

H

H o l e d i a m et e r (s t u d s a n d p lat es )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

M ax i m u m 2 5 m m
(s e e N o t e 3 )

C

N o t ch i n t o s t u d b r e ad t h

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

M ax i m u m 1 0 m m

E

N o t ch i n t o s t u d d ep t h

M ax i m u m 2 0 m m (f o r d i a g o n a l
cu t in b ra c in g o n ly )
(S e e N o t es 1 an d 2 )

N o t p er m it t ed

F

D is t a n c e b et w e en n o t ch es i n s t u d
d ep t h

M in i m u m 1 2 B

N /A

P

T ren ch es i n p l at e s

3 mm m a ximu m

N O T E S:
1

A h o riz o n t a l l in e o f n o t ch es u p t o 2 5 m m m ay b e p ro v i d e d fo r t h e in s t al l at i o n o f b at h s .

2

E x c ep t as p e r m it t ed fo r d i a g o n al cu t in b ra c in g , n o t ch es u p t o 2 0 m m m ay o c cu r in e v e ry f ift h
in d i v i d u a l s t u d .

3

W i d e f a c e o n ly .

4

F o r ad d it io n al j a m b s t u d a l lo w a n c es , s ee als o F i g u r e 6 .8 .

notching
S tu d b r e a d th
B

FIGURE 6.4
NOTCHING
OF
WALL STUDS

S tu d d e p t h
(D )

S tu d
C
E

A
H
A
H
P

E
F

B o tt o m p la t e

6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and
holes in studs and plates




Jamb Studs in external walls and other
loadbearing walls shall not be notched
within the middle half of their height or
within the height of the opening.
A notch up to a maximum of 20 mm in
depth is permissible outside this region
at the top and/or the bottom of the stud
(see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5, page 61

N otching of
jam b studs
not perm itted
w ithin height
of opening

M iddle half
of stud
height

N otching perm itted
if outside m iddle
half of jam b studs
height

6.2.1.5 Nogging






Wall studs shall have continuous rows of
noggings at 1350 mm maximum centres
(see Figure 6.6).
Noggings are not required to be stress
graded.
Nogging thickness shall be a Min 25mm
and suitable for the proper fixing of cladding
and linings.

6.2.3 Openings
Openings shall be framed with jamb studs
and lintels (heads) as shown in Figure 6.9.
Jack studs shall be provided in all cases
between the lintel and the top plate or
trimmer. Jack studs shall be the same size
and spacing as the common studs.
A minimum clearance of 15 mm shall be
provided between the underside of the lintel
or lintel trimmer and the top of the window
frame.

Changes to the standard
Figure 6.9 (a) pg 64 Spans not
exceeding 1200 mm, allows the lintel to
be notched into the jamb stud by ¼ of
the stud thickness up to a max of 10mm.
…for non loadbearing walls

Refer to page 64, figure 6.9
Jam b stud
( s t u d a t s id e
o f o p en in g )
Jack stud

To p p l a t e

Common
s tu d

N ogg ing

D /2 m a x .

Jack
s tu d

Common
s tu d

Lintel

N
L in t e l
W
( h o u s e d in to
ja m b s tu d b y
t h e le s s e r o f
N = W /4 and 10 m m )

( a ) S p a n s n o t e x c e e d in g 91200mm
00 m m

Ledger (not
req u ire d w h e re
lin te l 1 2 0 m m
o r le s s in d e p t h )

J a m b s tu d
( s t u d a t s id e
of o pening)
D
45 mm
m in.

( b ) L in te l b r e a th le s s th a n o r e q u a l to h a lf s tu d d e p th

HOWEVER!


Note v of Table 17 says minimum
bearing length to support lintel
must be 35mm.



6.3.2.3: (in connection with above)
any opening greater than 900 will
require two studs. One full length,
and one secondary (see fig 6.9)

L in t e l

Com mon
s tu d
Jack
s tu d

D

Jack
s tu d

J a m b s tu d

Secondary
ja m b s t u d
35 mm
L in te l
m in .
(h o u s in g
fo r ja c k s tu d
n o t p e r m itt e d )

x = com bined
w id th o f ja m b s t u d s

(c ) L in te ls h a v in g b re a t h g re a te r th a n h a lf s tu d d e p th

FIGURE

6.9 OPENINGS

L in t e l
trim m e r

Secondary
ja m b s t u d

( d ) L in te l d ire c tly b e lo w to p p la te

Trussed roofs
 Although we are not considering truss roofs in
this subject- it is important that you, as potential
builders realize the following Trusses are designed to clear span between
external walls.
 If trusses are supported anywhere mid-span,
without being designed accordingly, stresses
may be placed on individual truss components
that they are not designed to take.
 The 10mm gap is to allow the trusses to deflect
particularly when / if they are subjected to their
full design load.

Truss deflects dow n
due to dead and/or
w ind load.
U n-designed stresses
placed on nail-plates.

P artition built w ith
no gap to bottom
cord of truss.

The w eb, designed for
tension forces only, now
has com pression forces.

The bottom cord, designed
for tension forces, now has
bending forces.

Lintels



Section 6.3.6
Note adequate bearing required

Sill trimmers


Section 6.3.6.6

Verandahs



Beams, 6.3.7
Posts, 6.3.8