UNMET NEED FOR SEATS IN NEW 2015-2019 CAPITAL PLAN

INCLUDING CLASS SIZE AND OVERCROWDING DATA FOR COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT 8

Leonie Haimson, Class Size Matters July 2014

School Utilization Rates at critical levels

• Citywide, schools have become more overcrowded over last six years. More than 480,000 students citywide are in extremely overcrowded buildings. • Elementary schools avg. building utilization “target” rates at 97.4%; median at 102%. High schools are not far behind at 95.2%. • High ES rates in all boroughs, including D10 and D11 in the Bronx 108% and 105.6%, respectively. • In Queens, D24 (120.6%), D25 (109.7%), D26 (110%), D27 (106.1%), and D30 (107.3%) all extremely overcrowded.

• At the MS level, D20 in Brooklyn, D24, and D25 in Queens have building utilization rates over 95%.

• Queens high school buildings have avg. utilization rate of 110.7% and Staten Island high school buildings 103.2%.

Data source: Blue Book target utilization rates 2012-2013

100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70%

Average Utilization Rates City-Wide 2012-2013

97.4% Elementary Schools

80.9% 95.2%

Middle Schools Source: 2012-2013 DOE Blue Book High Schools *Calculated by dividing building enrollment by the target capacity

Proposed capital plan vs. needs for seats

• Proposed capital plan has (at most) 38,754 seats – and this if Cuomo’s “Smart School” bond act is approved. (806 more seats funded only for design) • Plan admits real need of 49,245 (though doesn’t explain how this figure was derived).

• DOE’s consultants project enrollment increases of 60,000-70,000 students by 2021 • At least 30,000 seats needed to alleviate current overcrowding for just those districts that

average

above 100%. • Conclusion: real need for seats

at least

100,000.

Proposed capital plan vs. needs for seats part II

• These figures do not capture overcrowding at neighborhood level, including schools with K waiting lists, or need to expand pre-K, reduce class size, restore cluster rooms, or provide space for charters as required in new state law.

• Does not capture need to replace trailers with capacity of more than 10,890 seats.

• Though DOE counts only 7,158 students attending class in TCUs, actual number is far higher & likely over 10,000. • Also, DOE utilization figures

underestimate

according to most experts and Chancellor, who has appointed a “Blue Book” taskforce to improve them.

actual overcrowding • Revised utilization formula should be aligned to smaller classes, dedicated rooms for art, music, special education services, and more.

Class sizes have increased for six years

•

in a row

Despite provisions in 2007 state law requiring NYC reduce class sizes, classes in K-3 in 2013-2014 largest since 1998; in grades 4-8 largest since 2002. • K-3 average class size was 24.9 (Gen Ed, inclusion & gifted classes) compared to 20.9 in 2007, increase of 19%.

• In grades 4-8, the average class size was 26.8, compared to 25.1 in 2007 –increase of 6.8%. • HS “core” academic classes, class size average 26.7, up slightly since 2007. (Yet DOE’s measure of HS class sizes is inaccurate and their methodology changes, so estimates cannot be relied upon.) • Averages do NOT tell the whole story – as more than 330,000 students were in classes of 30 or more in 2013-2014.

• There were 40,268 kids in K-3 in classes of 30 or more in 2013-2014 – an increase of nearly 14% compared to the year before.

• The number of teachers decreased by over 5000 between 2007-2010, according to the Mayor’s Management Report, despite rising enrollment.

K-3 Class sizes largest since 1998

General ed, CTT and gifted: data from IBO 1998-2005; DOE 2006-2013

24,90 23,25 22,38 22,10 21,6821,55 21,2821,12 21,0020,90 21,40 22,10 22,90 23,89 24,86 24,46 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

4th – 8

th

grade Class sizes largest since 2002

Gened, CTT and gifted: data from IBO 1998-2005; DOE 2006-2013

28,1 27,5 27,2 27,4 27,0 26,7 26,4 25,9 25,6 25,1 25,3 25,8 26,3 26,6 26,7 26,8 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010-11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

Total no. of teachers dropped by 5,000 since 2007-8 data source: Mayor's Management Report

79 109 79 021 76 795 74 958 72 787 73 844 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY 13

Class sizes in District 8 have increased in grades K-3 by 15.6% since 2007 and are above Contracts for Excellence goals

27 25 23 21 19 17 15 21,4 20,5 22,1 22,5 22,9 23,1 23,9 24,0 24,5 24,6 20,3 20,1 19,9 19,9 24,9 24,5 19,9 C4E goals Citywide actual D8 Data sources: DOE Class Size Reports 2006-2013, 2008 DOE Contracts for Excellence Approved Plan

District 8 ’s class sizes in grades 4-8 have increased by 6% since 2008 and are also above Contracts for Excellence goals

24 23 22 21 20 28 27 26 25 26,2 25,4 25,1 24,8 25,3 25,0 24,6 25,8 25,7 26,3 25,9 26,6 25,9 26,7 25,9 26,8 26,5 23,8 23,3 22,9 22,9 22,9 C4E target Citywide actual D8 Data sources: DOE Class Size Reports 2006-2013, 2008 DOE Contracts for Excellence Approved Plan

27

Class sizes city-wide have increased in core HS classes as well, by 2.3% since 2007, though the DOE data is unreliable*

26,7 26,6 26,5 26,5 26,4 26,3 26,2 26 26,1 26 25,7 25,5 C4E Target Citywide Actual 25,2 25 24,8 24,5 24,5 24,5 24,5 24 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 *DOE’s class size data is unreliable & their methodology for calculating HS averages have changed year to year

D8 Schools with large class sizes

• In grades K-3, there are 21 schools in District 8 with at least one grade with an average class size of 25 or more, according to DOE’s November 2013 report.

• PS 36, PS 62, PS 69, PS 71, PS 72, PS 107, PS 119, PS 130, PS 138, PS 146, PS 152, PS 182, PS 304, and PS X140 have at least three grade levels in K-3 with 25 or more students.

• In grades 4-8, 16 schools have at least one grade level with an average class size of 30 or more.

• JHS 131 Albert Einstein and MS 302 Luisa Dessus Cruz have at least three grade levels with 30 or more students at the 4-8 level.

28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24

Examples of schools in D8 with large

27 26 26 26 26 26 26

class sizes, K-3

25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 30 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 26 26 25 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 30 28 27 27 27 26 26 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 32 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 26 26 25 25 25

6 000

At least 30,000 seats currently needed just in districts averaging over 100%

# of Seats Needed in all districts with ES building utilization rates higher than 100%

5 318 8 000

# of Seats Needed in all districts with building utilization rates higher than 100% at HS level

7 295 7 000 5 000 6 000 4 000 3 912 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 279 3 000 1 929 2 000 1 822 1 237 1 637 1 231 1 451 1 476 2 000 1 000 1 000 189 0 0 D10 D11 D15 D20 D22 D24 D25 D26 D27 D30 D31 QUEENS HS *These figures are the difference between capacity & enrollment in the organizational target # in 2012-2013 Blue Book Source: 2012 2013 DOE “Blue Book” 518 STATEN ISLAND HS

Over-utilized ES and MS buildings in CSD 8 and in Bronx HS

• There were 12 buildings with elementary and middle school students in CSD 8 that are over-utilized. The seat need for these schools is 1,350 students.* • 14 Bronx high school buildings are over-utilized. Nearly 2,400 seats are needed to reduce utilization to 100%.*

*Note that the seat need here is higher because it takes into account all over utilized school buildings (100% or more) rather than the need averaged across the district.

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

Average Building Utilization Rates

99,4% in CSD 8

While not 100%, D8 very close at 99.4% average utilization in ES

97,4% 95,2% 82,2% 80,9% 89,4% 0% District 8 Elementary Schools Citywide Elementary Schools District 8 Middle Schools Citywide Middle Schools Bronx High Schools Source: 2012-2013 DOE Blue Book Citywide High Schools *Calculated by dividing building enrollment by the target capacity

12 Over-utilized ES and MS buildings in CSD 8

200% 183% 178% 180% 165% 156% 160% 137% 140% 128% 123% 116% 116% 120% 110% 108% 105% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 104% *1,350 seats needed to reach 100% building utilization

80% 60% 40% 20% 0%

14 Bronx High Schools Above 100%;

2,385 HS seats needed to reduce building utilization rate to 100% but NO Bronx HS to be built in capital plan

140% 133% 126% 124% 119% 120% 116% 114% 113% 109% 109% 107% 106% 105% 103% 103% 100% Source: 2012-2013 DOE Blue Book

3000 New Seats in Capital Plan and DOE Enrollment Projections for CSD 8 2 601 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 456 1 560 579 0 ES and MS New Seats from Capital Plan FY 2015-2019 Enrollment Projections, Statistical Forecasting 2011-2021 Enrollment Projections, Grier Partnership 2011-2021 Housing Starts, Estimated Growth 2012-2021

Enrollment projections estimate 2,139 to 3,180 new K-8 students in D8 by 2021 but only 456 seats seats are added in the capital plan.

City-wide Enrollment Projections K-8 vs. New Seats in Capital Plan

60 000 *Statistical Forecasting does not include D75 students; K-8 Seats in Capital Plan are categorized as Small PS and PS/IS and includes 4,900 seats for class size reduction if Bond issue passes.

51 954 50 000 40 000 40 589 38 244 Source for Housing Starts: NYSCA Projected New Housing Starts 2012-2021, http://www.nycsca.org/Community/Capital PlanManagementReportsData/Housing/20 12-21HousingWebChart.pdf

; Projected public school ratio, https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Education/Pr ojected-Public-School-Ratio/n7ta-pz8k 36 654 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Statistical Forecasting 2011-2021 Grier Partnership 2011 2021 Housing Starts, Estimated Growth 2012-2021 Capital Plan, New Seats 2015-2019

12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000

City-wide Enrollment Projections HS vs. New Seats in Capital Plan

*Statistical Forecasting does not include D75 students; HS Seats in Capital Plan are categorized as IS/HS and does not include seats for class size reduction 20 000 19 461 18 387 18 000 16 000 14 000 13 483 Source for Housing Starts: NYSCA Projected New Housing Starts 2012-2021, http://www.nycsca.org/Community/CapitalPlan ManagementReportsData/Housing/2012 21HousingWebChart.pdf

; Projected public school ratio, https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Education/Projec ted-Public-School-Ratio/n7ta-pz8k 3 102 0 Statistical Forecasting 2011-2021 Grier Partnership 2011 2021 Housing Starts, Estimated Growth 2012 2021 Capital Plan, New Seats 2015-2019

Also Kindergarten wait lists in many neighborhoods

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 751

# of Kids on wait lists for Kindergarten 2011-2013 by Borough

883 942 946 720 679 462 569 112 211 114 622 Man Bronx Brooklyn

% of Schools w/ wait lists by District* 2013

50% 45% 40% 38% 35% 33% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 8% 7% 5% 5% 18% 43% 6%5% 8% 4% 37% 23% 31%31% 7% 14% 15% 8% 31% 4% 13% 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10111213141516171819202122242526272829303132

Districts 1, 7, 23 not included as they are "choice districts")

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Queens 2009 499 2010 163 47 110 SI 2011 2012 2013

Zoned Kindergarten wait lists, citywide 2009-13

1885 2011 2588 2012 2382 2013 2361

2014 Kindergarten Waitlists in CSD 8

• According to DOE, the wait list for zoned Kindergarten spots in 2014 is smaller citywide than in 2013, with 1,242 zoned students on wait lists as of April 21, 2014. • 19 of 32 school districts currently have at least one school with a waiting list. • 63 schools have zoned wait lists: 20 in Brooklyn, 17 in Queens, 11 in Manhattan, 11 in The Bronx, and 4 in Staten Island.

• DOE less transparent than ever: the number of zoned students for particular schools if less than 10 is not revealed – and methodology for creating wait lists unexplained.

• Over 7,000 families got none of their choices but unclear how many were put on wait list for their zoned school. • There was one school in District 8 with a waiting list for zoned Kindergarten students: PS 71 Rose E. Scala (50 students).

Trailers in CSD 8 and Bronx HS

• There are four schools that have TCU’s in CSD 8: PS 14, PS 71, PS 119 and PS 138. • Three of the schools (PS 14, PS 71, and PS 138) have two TCU’s each, with enrollment at PS 14 (100 students), PS 71 (137 students), and PS 138 (45 students). • PS 119 has no enrollment listed nor are their TCU’s listed in the 2012-13 TCU Report. The total capacity in the TCU’s is 68 students and its reported enrollment in the November 2013 Class Size Report was 99 students.

• Therefore, at least 381 total students enrolled in classrooms with trailers in D8.

• There are five high schools in the Bronx, with 13 TCU’s: South Bronx HS, Adlai E Stevenson HS, John F Kennedy HS, Morris HS, and Jane Addams HS have trailers. • The capacity for all but Jane Addams (30 students each in six classrooms) is not listed in the 2012-2013 TCU Report. Enrollment is also not listed.

Seats Need for CSD 8 and Bronx High Schools

• FY 2015-2019 Capital Plan adds 456 seats in District 8.

• 1,350 new seats are needed just to reduce the elementary and middle school students in D8 buildings over 100% utilization.

• Enrollment projections predict 2,100 to 3,200 new K-8 students over the next 5-10 years (counting housing starts).

• At least 381 students need to be removed from trailers in District 8.

• Real need for D8 K-8 seats is at least over 3,800 seats and as many as 4,900 seats.

• In Bronx high schools, nearly 2,400 new seats are needed to address current overcrowding in buildings over 100% utilization.

•

Yet according to the Capital Plan, no seats are currently expected to be added in Bronx high schools.

•

New charter provisions passed in state budget

Any charter co-located in a NYC school building cannot be evicted and has veto powers before they leave the building – even if they are expanding and squeezing out NYC public school students.

• This includes any charter co-location agreed to before 2014 – including the three Success charter schools approved right before Bloomberg left office.

• Any new or charter school in NYC adding grade levels must be “provided access to facilities” w/in five months of asking for it.

• • If they don’t like the space offered by the city, they can appeal to the Commissioner King, who is a former charter school director and has never ruled against a charter school.

.

• NO FISCAL IMPACT statement or analysis accompanying this bill.

• In addition, the state will provide all charter schools with per-pupil funding increases, amounting to $500 over the next 3 years and provide them funding for pre-K.

Charter space provisions ONLY apply to NYC

• Upstate legislators fought off making charters eligible for state facilities funds – which would have been better for NYC.

• Yet legislators did not block these onerous provisions for NYC , where we have the most expensive real estate & the most overcrowded schools in the state.

• If the DOE doesn’t offer charter schools free space, the city must pay for a school’s rent in private space or give them an extra 20 percent over their operating aid every year going forward. • After the city spends $40 million per year on charter rent, the state will begin chipping in 60% of additional cost.

How many charters will there be entitled to free space?

• We have 183 charters in NYC, 119 in co-located space.

• 22 new charters are approved to open next year or the year after, all entitled to free space.

• 52 additional charter schools left to approve until we reach the cap raised in 2010 – with legislative approval – all entitled to free space.

• Any new or existing co-located charter can also be authorized to expand grade levels through HS and will be entitled to free space.

• DOE will be paying $5.4 M in annual rent for four years for 3 Success Academy schools that only have 484 students next year – at a cost of $11,000 per student.

• This doesn’t count the unknown renovation costs in these 3 schools, also paid for by the city.

Blue book data & Utilization formula inaccurate & underestimates actual level of overcrowding

• Class sizes in grades 4-12 larger than current averages & far above goals in city’s C4E plan & will likely force class sizes upwards • Doesn’t require full complement of cluster rooms or special needs students to have dedicated spaces for their mandated services • Doesn’t properly account for students now housed in trailers in elementary and middle schools. • Doesn’t account for co-locations which subtract about 10% of total space and eat up classrooms with replicated administrative & cluster rooms. Small schools use space less efficiently • Instructional footprint shrank full size classroom only 500 sq. feet min., risking building code/safety violations at many schools as 20-35 sq feet per student required.

• Special ed classrooms defined as only 240-499 sq ft, thought State Ed guidelines call for 75 sq ft per child with special needs; classrooms this small would allow only 3- 7 students.

Comparison of class sizes in Blue book compared to current averages & Contract for excellence goals

Grade levels UFT Contract class size limits Target class sizes in "blue book" Current average class sizes C4E class Size goals How many sq ft per student required in classrooms according to NYC building code Kindergarten 1st-3rd 4th-5th 6th-8th HS (core classes) 25 32 32 30 (Title I) 33 (non-Title I) 34 30 20 20 28 28 23 25.5

26 27.4

26.7* *

DOE reported HS class sizes unreliable

19.9

19.9

22.9

22.9

24.5

35 20 20 20 20

•

Some Recommendations

38,000 seats in capital plan is too low, esp. given existing overcrowding, projected enrollment, preK expansion, class size reduction, new mandates to provide charter schools with space • Also very low as compared to Mayor’s plan to create or preserve 200,000 affordable housing units.

• Council should expand the seats in five year capital plan.

• Commission an independent analysis by City Comptroller, IBO or other agency.

• Adopt reforms to planning process so that schools are built along with housing in future through mandatory inclusionary zoning, impact fees etc.

• Over half of all states and 60% of large cities have impact fees, requiring developers to pay for costs of infrastructure improvements, including schools.