Application of Energy Storage on the AEP Distribution System Presented by: John Mark Neal WV IEEE Section Meeting February 2, 2010 Presentation Outline • AEP/APCo –
Download ReportTranscript Application of Energy Storage on the AEP Distribution System Presented by: John Mark Neal WV IEEE Section Meeting February 2, 2010 Presentation Outline • AEP/APCo –
Slide 1
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 2
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 3
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 4
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 5
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 6
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 7
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 8
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 9
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 10
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 11
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 12
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 13
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 14
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 15
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 16
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 17
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 18
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 19
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 20
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 21
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 22
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 23
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 24
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 25
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 26
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 27
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 28
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 29
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 2
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 3
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 4
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 5
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 6
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 7
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 8
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 9
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 10
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 11
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 12
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 13
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 14
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 15
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 16
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 17
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 18
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 19
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 20
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 21
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 22
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 23
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 24
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 25
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 26
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 27
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 28
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29
Slide 29
Application of Energy Storage
on the AEP Distribution System
Presented by: John Mark Neal
WV IEEE Section Meeting
February 2, 2010
Presentation Outline
• AEP/APCo – Who we are
• Evaluating Energy Storage Opportunities
• Applying Energy Storage on the Distribution Grid
• Moving Forward
• Q&A
2
AEP Overview
• 5.2 Million customers
• 11 States
• 39,000 MW Generation
• 38,953 miles Transmission
• 212,781 miles Distribution
• 20,861 Employees
3
APCo Overview
• 1.05 Million customers
• 3 States
• 8,018 MW Generation
• 5,360 miles Transmission
• 47,981 miles Distribution
• 4,252 Employees
4
Utilities’ Interest in Energy Storage
●
Participation of utilities in Electricity Storage Association (ESA) , the most
widely recognized trade association on energy storage, has significantly
increased since 2000
●
EPRI has established an Energy Storage Program that has active
participation from member utilities
●
DOE ‘s Energy Storage program is paying more attention and participating
in large-scale utility application projects. Utilities are invited to participate
more in drafting and interpreting energy policy act
●
The dialogue between suppliers of energy storage devices and utilities
has significantly increased over the last five years
●
Over the last 12 months, there have been over 5 different energy storage
seminars and panel discussions with increased participation by utilities
(there used to be only one in 2000 with little utility participation)
5
Challenges to Deployment of Energy Storage in Utilities
Despite a clear increase in utilities’ interest in energy storage, deployment of
storage has been relatively slow due to several factors including:
●
High cost of new storage technologies discourages utilities to use storage
for improved service reliability and security for customers without some
incentives or assurance that its cost will be shared by customers
●
Storage benefits are very diverse impacting both customers and utilities.
Even within utilities, storage benefits are spread widely over different
businesses units from generation to distribution with independent budgetary
responsibilities
●
Separation of different utility businesses (distribution, transmission,
generation, energy trading, etc.) makes it hard for any one of these
businesses to justify the total cost of energy storage for only the partial
values that benefit that particular business unit.
6
Some Immediately Realizable Benefits of Energy Storage
A Quick solution to Reliability and Capital Deferral:
1. Provide contingency power to single-source loads
2. Maintain service during system repairs
3. Defer Investment
Maintenance
Future Line
Improved Service Reliability
7
Energy Storage Benefits
Benefits
Short -Term
Long -Term
Upgrade
Deferral
More Time for Service
Restoration
Improved Service
Reliability
Improved
System Control
Base Loading
Assets
Ancillary
Services
Enhance DG
Penetration
Displacing
Peak Energy Costs with
off-peak Costs
Improved Service Reliability is achievable both Short-Term and Long-Term
8
Other Benefits of Energy Storage
• Asset Optimization - Demand reduction on all utility assets in
Generation, Transmission and Distribution
• Renewables - Time Shift and Capacity Firming for renewable
energy sources like wind and solar
• Distributed Generation - Dispatchable Energy Buffer between utility
and customer-owned generation
Energy Storage Improves Reliability Today and Tomorrow
9
Storage Options for Utility Applications
• 1-10 MW, 4-8 hour storage systems for DG
• After reviewing all feasible technologies, AEP selected
Sodium Sulfur (NAS) battery for this application
• NAS strengths:
Commercial availability
Cost
Favorable field experience
Compactness
Modularity
Transportability
10
AEP Vision on Future Utilities
AEP Believes that Distributed Energy Storage will be a
Strategic Component in the Future Grid of the United States
Transmission
& Distribution
Transmission
Substation
Commercial
Residential
Distribution
Substation
Gensets
Gensets,, Solar, FC, LM
Industrial
Gensets
, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Gensets, Solar,
Fuel
Cells
(FC),
Load Management (LM)
Gensets
Gensets,, FC, LM
11
What is a NAS Battery?
–Nominal AC capacity: 50kW, 360 or 430kWh (320 or 384 cells)
–L x W x H = 2.3 x 1.7 x 0.7 = 2.9 m3
290-360 ºC
–3500 kg;
NAS has liquid electrodes and solid electrolyte
12
Is NAS Safe?
Module Firing Test
Module Crush Test
Module Drop Test
15 Years – No Accidents
Cell Burning Test
Designed and packaged to be safe
13
NaS Battery Installation – Environmental Issues
•
These batteries contain no CERCLA Hazardous Substances or EPCRA Extremely
Hazardous Substances (with the exception of sodium, which if released, has an
RQ of 10 pounds)
•
These batteries meet the OSHA "article" exemption, therefore an MSDS is not
required (however, we have created one that is very useful)
•
Since an OSHA MSDS is not required for the battery, they are not reportable under
SARA Tier II . However, since this is a groundbreaking activity, we will inform the
LEPC, SERC and local Fire Departments of their presence, even though it is not
"required".
•
The creation of a hazard communication plan would be a Best Management
Practice for us to follow. This hazard communication plan will include emergency
response information and emergency contact information and will always be
available to the operators.
•
There are no environmental operating permits required for the operation of these
installations
•
The only environmental regulations that are imposed upon these batteries are
those that are to be followed during transportation of the batteries and during the
disposal and / or recycling of the batteries.
14
Is it Safe to Deploy NAS in the Community ?
Japan’s 15 year experience
Integrated into
Residential
Neighborhood
Indoor
Applications
15
AEP’s First Commercial Energy Storage System
•
•
•
•
Charleston, WV
1.2 MW, 7.2 MWh
Operational since June 26th 2006
Deferring building a new substation
46 kV
bus
46kV/12kV
Transformer
12/16/20
MVA
12 kV Tyler Mountain Feeder
bus North Charleston Feeder
Voltage
Regulator
West Washington Feeder
16
Load Leveling – Summer 2007
17
AEP Substation-Scale Storages – 11MW, 75MWh
1 MW, 7.2 MWh installed in 2006
• Deferred substation upgrades
3 x2MW,14.4 MWH installed in 2008
• Demonstrated “Islanding”
4MW, 25MWh substation will be on-line in 2010
The New “Islanding” feature is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
18
One-Line
Milton Station
138kV
Approx. 4 miles
Target Site Area
19
Dynamic Islanding – Backup Power
This First Community-Scale Backup Power with NAS Battery is Partially Funded by DOE/Sandia
20
Live Islanding Test Information
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Test Site :
Test Date:
Island Size:
Time to island customers:
Power Outage Duration:
Time to Exit Island:
Average Island Load:
Balls Gap, Milton, WV
July 8, 2009
700 customers
0.5 to 2 min.
28 min.
6 sec. (not Synchronized)
0.8 MW
21
Islanding Data – Battery Load & Energy
Battery
Load
(kW)
Islanding period = 28 min
SOC= 100%
Stored
Energy
MWh
SOC= 97%
22
Islanding Opportunities
●
September 8, 2009
Breaker interruption at Milton Station
No island established by system
Exposed flaw in design – required addition of a new device
●
December 19, 2009
Multiple faults and interruptions on Balls Gap feeder
Partial island established by system
25 customers served by DESS for two days
●
December 25, 2009
Single Phase hydraulic recloser interrupted on Balls Gap feeder
No island established by system
Battery unavailability may be reason – data still being analyzed
Learning operational nuances that each new event brings
23
Community Energy Storage (CES)
CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to
the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or
small commercial loads
• Uses New or Used PHEV- EV batteries
• Offers All Values of Substation
Batteries when aggregated,
• Offers Backup Power to customers
• Buffers Customer Renewable
Generation
• Makes PHEV Charging Time a less
critical issue
24
CES – A Virtual Substation Battery
CES is Operated as a Fleet offering a Multi-MW, Multi-hour Storage
Grid Benefits:
Local Benefits:
4) Load Leveling at substation level
5) Power Factor Correction
6) Ancillary services
1) Backup power
2) Voltage correction
3) Renewable Integration
Integration
Platform
Utility Dispatch
Center /SCADA
CES Control Hub
Communication &
Control Layout for
CES
Substation
CES
CES
CES
CES
Power Lines
Communication and Control Links
25
Advantages of CES to Substation Batteries
While CES is, Functionally, a Multi-MW, Multi-hour
Substation Battery, It has some Inherent Advantages:
1.
More reliable Backup Power to customers (closer)
2.
More Effective in providing Voltage Support (distributed)
3.
More likely to be a standardized commodity (low cost)
4.
More Efficient in buffering customer renewable sources
5.
More synergy with Electric Vehicle batteries (competition)
6.
Easier installation and maintenance (240 V)
7.
Unit outage is less critical to the grid (smaller)
8.
Lower resistive loss in wires (closer to customer)
9.
A better fit into the Smart Grids & MicroGrids
26
Migratory Path of Utility Energy Storage
– in AEP
Graphics adapted from an EPRI Presentation by Joe Hughes
Large Central Units
Substation Batteries
This Migration Trend is Driven by
Popularity of Customer-Owned Distributed Resources
and Customers’ demand for higher service quality
Storage at Grid Edge
27
AEP’s View of Energy Storage Value
765 kV
345 kV
138 kV
69 kV
4 to 34 kV
NAS
Pumped Hydro
(Substation)
(Central)
480 V
120/240 V
CES
(Community)
Storage
Value
Devaluators:
Limited Value to Customer
High Security Risk
Less effective in removing Grid Congestions
Central Units
Devaluators:
Aesthetics
Distributed Units
28
Wrap Up
Questions?
29