Slide 1

Conditionals


Slide 2

Las oraciones condicionales son oraciones compuesta por :
o una subordinada que expresa la condición ( conditional clause – if )
o una principal que indica el resultado ( result clause).
En inglés existen 3 tipos:

First conditional:
If + present simple + future simple

1

st

If you give me a hand , I will be really grateful.
( Si me echas una mano,estaré muy agradecido)
No importa el orden en que se coloquen las preposiciones, pero si la condición ( if )
va primero se suele poner una coma entre ambas.
 Además del future simple en el resultado también se pueden usar los modales y el imperativo

You can´t go out if you don´t finish your homework

If you search for information on the Internet, use Google


Slide 3

 Para expresar que algo no ocurrirá si no se cumple la condición, la proposición
es introducida por unless = if not ( a no ser que , a menos que )
Unless you study hard this term , you will fail English.
If you don´t study hard this term , you will fail English.
 Unless se usa más en el 1st conditional. Es menos frecuente en el 2nd y nunca en el 3rd .

If + present simple , future simple

Unless = if not

Modal
Imperative


Slide 4

Second conditional
If + past simple , would + infinitivo

2

nd

If I studied harder , I would pass this exam
 Si el verbo de la condición ( if ) es “to be” se suele utilizar were en todas las
personas.
If I were a rich girl, I would buy a new car
 Para dar consejos se usa… If I were you, I wouldn´t go ( Yo que tú no iría)
 Podemos usar en vez de would los modales could o might ( indican que la
probabilidad de que se cumpla la hipótesis es aún menor – podría, tal vez, quizás-)


Slide 5

Third

conditional

If + past perfect , would have + participio
If you had studied harder, you would have passed this exam
 En vez de would have también podemos usar could have o might have

If Jack had come , we could have gone to the party

3

rd


Slide 6

Summing up….

1

st

If + present simple ,

Unless = if not

2
3

nd

rd

future simple
Modal
Imperative

If + past simple , would + infinitivo
Could
might

If + past perfect , would have + participio
Could have
might have


Slide 7

Oraciones
temporales

 Se forman como las de 1st conditional : Present Simple , Future Simple.
Lo que cambian son las conjunciones : as soon as , by the time , when ,
the moment (that) , etc

She´ll buy a car as soon as she passes her driving test
When I get home, I´ll help you with your homework


Slide 8

Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences.
Use the first, second or third conditionals.
1. We didn’t visit the museum because it was closed.
would have visited
it had been
We ………………………………
the museum if ………………………
open.

2. The temperature may reach 0º C tonight and the lake will freeze.
If the temperature ………………………
0º C tonight, the lake ………………………
reaches,
will freeze
.
3. She hasn’t got a laptop so she can’t work when she’s travelling.
had
would
be able to work
If she ……………
a laptop, she
………………………
when she travels.
could work would work
4. Hurry or you’ll miss the bus.
hurry
You ………………
the bus unless you ………………………
.
will miss
5. Bill had an accident because he was careless.
hadn’t been
If Bill ………………………
careless, he ………………………
wouldn’t have had

an accident.

6. Robbie is only nice to Ellie because she lets him borrow her iPod.
Robbie …………………
so nice to Ellie if she didn’t
………………………
let him borrow
wouldn’t be
didn’t lend him

her iPod.


Slide 9

 Choose the correct answer.
1. If Fred had the right tools, he … the tap himself.
a. can fix

b. fixed

c. could fix

2. You might lose the file if you … a copy.
a. don’t make

b. won’t make

c. didn’t make

3. If I … you, I wouldn’t order the fish.
a. were

b. will be

c. am

4. We’ll borrow some chairs if we … them.
a. needed b. need

c. will need

5. You’ll never succeed unless you … .
a. will try

b. don’t try

c. try

6. Ron … my phone number if he doesn’t write it down.
a. forgets

b. may forget

c. would forget


Slide 10

Wish Clauses
Las oraciones desiderativas-wish clauses- expresan un deseo y se pueden formar :
con el verbo wish
con la expresión if only

Wish

if only

Desearía , gustaría

Ojalá , si al menos…

Pueden usarse con varios tiempos

I wish = ojalá


Slide 11

Wish / if only

+

Past simple
Wish / if only

+

Past Perfect

Wish / if only

+

Could
Would

Situaciones presentes
que quisiéramos
cambiar/mejorar

Hechos pasados
lamentando lo
Ocurrido

He wishes his house were bigger
If only I lived near the school

Pam wishes she and Tom hadn´t
broken up

If only Sarah had arrived earlier

Deseos sobre
situaciones futuras,
indicando q es poco
+ base form probable q ocurran

I wish I could improve my marks
If only he would call me


Slide 12

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I had four slices of pizza at the party last night. I wish I
………………………
hadn’t eaten (not eat) so much.
2. Mike’s dream is to become a professional singer. He wishes his
parents ………………………
would send (send) him to singing lessons.
3. I like these jeans but they’re really expensive. I wish I
………………………
(have) more money.
had
4. Alex moved away and we haven’t got his number. If only we
………………………
had asked (ask) him for it before he left.

would talk
5. You’re disturbing me. I wish you ………………………
(talk) more
quietly.


Slide 13

Compete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Everyone is always telling you about foods that make you clever. How many
have done
times have you heard that you (1) would
……….………………………
(do) better in your
last exam if you had eaten a good breakfast before it? But has anyone ever
spent (spend)
told you that your marks would improve if you (2) ………………………
more time talking to your friends? It might sound strange, but it’s true!
Think of your brain as a muscle. Like any muscle, it
won’t stay / doesn’t stay
(3) …………………………………………………
(not stay) in shape unless you exercise it.
It turns out that if you really want to give your brain a good workout, you
(4) ……………………………………
(should socialise) with your friends every day!
should socialise
Scientists tested thousands of people and they discovered that people who
spent a lot of time talking to family and friends on the phone
usually received
(5) ………………………
(usually receive) higher marks than people who didn’t socialise. The
scientists concluded that if children developed good social skills, they
perform (perform) well in academic subjects, and their brains
(6) would
………………………
would be
(7) ………………………
(be) sharp even when they were old. That doesn’t mean
won’t become
that if you spend a lot of time alone as a child, you (8) ………………………
(not
become) a doctor or lawyer when you grow up. But it does prove what most
teenagers already know: socialising isn’t just for fun – it’s a survival skill!