ICAO Runway Safety

ICAO/ASPA Regional Seminar on Safety Management Systems (SMS) Mexico 14-16 March 2006 Gustavo De León Technical Officer, ATM ICAO-Montreal 1

Introduction

 Runway safety work by ICAO  New Runway Incursion Prevention Manual  ICAO Runway Safety Toolkit  Conclusions 2

ICAO safety-related work

Runway safety work  June 2001  New ANC Task developed on runway incursions  ANC formed ad hoc working group and identified study areas as:  ATC procedures  Aerodrome charts  Radiotelephony phraseology  Situational awareness  Language proficiency  Aerodrome lighting and markings  Performance requirements for equipment  Operational aspects  Human factors 3

Transport Canada study

Basis for the increase in runway incursions  Traffic volume  Capacity-enhancing procedures  Airport layouts  Complexity  Human performance 4

Transport Canada study

 The potential for a runway incursion increases more rapidly than traffic volume. For example, a 20% increase in volume represents a 140% increase in runway incursion potential  In keeping with the laws of probability, and in the absence of significantly improved safeguards, an increase in the potential for runway incursions can be expected to be associated with an increase in actual runway incursion events 5

Transport Canada study

Capacity-enhancing procedures  Two conclusions  As traffic volume increases, runway incursion potential increases more rapidly when capacity- enhancing procedures are in effect than when they are not  If traffic remains the same, the potential for runway incursions increases when capacity- enhancing procedures are put into operation 6

ICAO’s role in improving runway safety

Education and awareness campaign  Review and update provisions  Education and awareness  Seminars/Workshops  Runway Incursion Prevention Manual  Runway Safety Toolkit  Establishment of a data base for runway incursions  Develop of an standard training package (STP) TRAINAIR for global use 7

ICAO provisions and documents

 Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS) manual (Doc. 9830 published in 2004)  Simultaneous Operations on Parallel or Near-Parallel Instrument Runways (SOIR) (Doc 9643 published in 2004)  Manual on Safety Management (Doc 9854 advanced in ICAONET )  New Runway Incursion Prevention Manual (to be advanced in ICAONET) 8

Definition of Runway Incursion

Common taxonomies  Definition of Runway incursion: 

Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

 Common categorization taxonomy needed 9

ATM Provisions

ATC procedures  Annex 2: Rules of the Air  Aircraft shall stop and hold at all runway holding positions  Aircraft shall not taxi onto maneuvering area without clearance  Annex 11: Air Traffic Services  Movement of persons and vehicles must be controlled by the control tower 10

ATM Provisions

Radiotelephony phraseology  Amendment to Annex 11 ( Applicable since Nov. 2003 )     ATS safety management Read-back of clearances Use of surface movement radar ADS-B  PANS-ATM ( Applicable since Nov. 2001 )  the requirement for an explicit clearance to "cross" or an instruction to "hold short" of a runway to be included when a taxi clearance contains a taxi limit beyond that runway 11

New PANS-ATM provisions

 Changed Holding Position to Holding Point in radiotelephony phraseology  Clarified when pilot is to report clear of a runway  Harmonized reduced runway separation provisions  Introduced a new Recommended Practice on implementation of Surface Movement Radar  Clarified when and how to use conditional clearances  Need to report runway incursions 12

Aerodrome Provisions

Aerodrome lighting and markings standardization  Annex 14: Aerodromes  Enlarged version of runway holding position markings  Upgraded specifications on stop bars and runway guard lights  Use of retro-reflective materials for markings  Former Visual Aids Panel (VAP)  Development of specifications for on visual aids for A-SMGCS 13

Amendment 7 to Annex 14

 A fence or other suitable barrier shall be provided on an aerodrome to prevent the entrance to the movement area or animals large enough to be a hazard to aircraft  A fence or other suitable barrier shall be provided on an aerodrome to prevent the inadvertent or pre-meditated access of an unauthorized person onto a non-public area of the aerodrome 14

Aircraft Operations Provisions

Situational awareness and human performance  Procedures for Aircraft Operations (PANS- OPS)  New part: Aerodrome Surface operations aimed at addressing vulnerabilities in human performance and maintenance of situational awareness during surface operations  Provisions require that operators ensure flight personnel are aware of risk factors in the aerodrome surface operations 15

Runway Safety and ATS Safety Management Seminars

 Mexico City, 22 to 25 October 2002*  Singapore, 1 to 5 December 2003  Cairo, 15 to 19 December 2003  Nairobi, 5 to 9 July 2004  Santiago de Chile, 18 to 22 October 2004  Moscow, 12 to 15 September 2005  * Runway Safety Conference 16

ICAO Runway Incursion Prevention Manual

 Chapter 1: Introduction  Chapter 2: Causal and contributory factors  Chapter 3: How to establish a runway incursion prevention programme  Chapter 4: Recommendations for the prevention of runway incursions  Chapter 5: Incident reporting and data collection  Chapter 6: Analysis of the severity of runway incursions 17

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Appendices

Communications best practices Flight crew best practices Air traffic controller best practices Airside vehicle driver best practices Aerodrome resource management training course Runway incursion initial notification form Runway incursion causal factors identifying form Runway incursion severity classification (RISC) calculator Aerodrome runway incursions assessment (ARIA) ICAO Runway Safety Toolkit Eurocontrol Runway Safety Toolkit 18

Runway Safety- Toolkit

Education and Awareness  Collation of best available operational and technological material  Presentation in audio, graphic, textual format  Thematic narrative and various subsets   Interactive CD-ROM Assist States in establishing runway safety programmes  Distribution as a toolkit in compelling form 19

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Conclusions

 ICAO work improving runway safety  ICAO provisions and documents  Definition of Runway incursion  Education and awareness: worldwide campaign of seminars on runway safety  New Runway Incursion Prevention Manual  ICAO Runway Safety Toolkit 48

THE END Thanks-Muchas Gracias

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