Princess Sumaya Univ. Electronic Engineering Dept. Industrial Instruments 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Process Control Dr.
Download ReportTranscript Princess Sumaya Univ. Electronic Engineering Dept. Industrial Instruments 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Process Control Dr.
Slide 1
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 2
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 3
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 4
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 5
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 6
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 7
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 8
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 9
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 10
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 11
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 12
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 13
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 14
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 15
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 16
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 17
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 18
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 19
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 20
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 2
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 3
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 4
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 5
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 6
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 7
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 8
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 9
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 10
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 11
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 12
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 13
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 14
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 15
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 16
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 17
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 18
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 19
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1
Slide 20
Princess Sumaya Univ.
Electronic Engineering Dept.
3441
Industrial Instruments 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Process Control
Dr. Bassam Kahhaleh
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Objective
Introduce the overall process-control loop,
its function, and its description.
2 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
The Process
3 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Human-Aided Control
4 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Principles
Automatic Control
5 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Process-Control Block Diagram
p
Control Element
e=r-b
r
∑
Controller
Process
−
b
Measurement
6 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
7 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Stability
Does the system become unstable, especially
after reacting to a disturbance or other
changes?
Steady-State Regulation
Transient Regulation
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Control System Evaluation
Evaluation Criteria
Damped Response
Cyclic Response
8 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Analog & Digital Processing
Data Representation
Analog Data
Digital Data (Binary)
Data Conversion
ADC
DAC
Resolution & Speed
9 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Control Element is either ON or OFF
Relays
Mechanical
Solid-State
10 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
11 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
Single Pole Single Touch
SPST
Single Pole Double Touch
SPDT
Double Pole Single Touch
DPST
Double Pole Double Touch
DPDT
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
12 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
NC
NC
+ 12 V
NO
NO
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
13 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF Control
Relays
Mechanical
L
L
220 VAC
220 VAC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
ON/OFF
Control
14 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
15 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Analog Control
Controller
VQ
Heater
Q
Ve = Vr - VT
Vr
Error detector
∑
Oven
T
−
VT
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
16 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Supervisory Control
VQ
Ve = Vr - VT
Controller
∑ Error detector
−
VT
Vr
Q
Oven
T
Measurement
ADC
DAC
Heater
Computer
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
17 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Digital Control
Direct Digital Control (DDC)
VQ
NQ
DAC
Q
Computer
NT
Oven
ADC
Heater
VT
T
Measurement
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
18 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Inputs & Outputs are AC level
L
L
PLC
N
N
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
Introduction to Process Control
Sensor Time Response
First-Order Response
b (t ) = bi + (bf – bi ) [ 1 – e – t / ]
Second-Order Response
R (t ) Ro e – t sin (2 fn t )
19 / 20
Princess Sumaya University
3441 - Industrial Instruments 1
20 / 20
Introduction to Process Control
End of Chapter 1