The effect of landscape structure on biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial and conservation models Hartel Tibor Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár Mountain hay meadows - hot.
Download ReportTranscript The effect of landscape structure on biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial and conservation models Hartel Tibor Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár Mountain hay meadows - hot.
Slide 1
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 2
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 3
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 4
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 5
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 6
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 7
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 8
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 9
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 10
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 11
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 12
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 13
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 14
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 15
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 16
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 17
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 18
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 19
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 20
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 21
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 2
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 3
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 4
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 5
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 6
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 7
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 8
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 9
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 10
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 11
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 12
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 13
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 14
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 15
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 16
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 17
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 18
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 19
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 20
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention
Slide 21
The effect of landscape structure on
biodiversity: beyond fragment based spatial
and conservation models
Hartel Tibor
Mihai Eminescu Trust, Segesvár
Mountain hay meadows - hot spots of biodiversity and traditional culture – 9 June, 2010
Cultural landscapes in Europe
“The cultural landscape is an important element of the European identity”
(R.H.G. Jongman, 2002, Landscape Research).
Balaton-felvidék, Monoszló
- high level of biodiversity
Varga Anna
Szászföld
–
Neustadt
(Újváros)
- high spatial heterogeneity
HT
- dynamism
- cultural diversity
- etc.
Gyimes – Hidegség pataka
Varga Anna
Hátszeg – Demsus (Demsdorf)
Dan Cogalniceanu
Bucovina – Alina Ionita
Problems:
Increased use of chemicals
Homogenization
Land use intensification
Habitat loss
Land abandonment
Invasive species
Infrastructure, urban
development etc.
(Donald et al. (2002) – Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment).
Piotr Skórka - Poland
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/10946910.jpg
About the transferability of patch (island) based spatial and
conservation models
In intensively used
agricultural landscapes...
-Binary space: habitat versus matrix
-Easy to delineate habitats and populations
-Island like protected areas (island
biogeography),
-Fragment based spatial models perform
well
-Humans are not part of „nature”,
-Everything is fixed,
-The habitat islands need management,
while the “matrix not”.
-Land sparing for nature strategy.
Matrix
(ex.) somewhere in France...
Matrix
Landscape composition and configuration in binary (i.e. habitat versus matrix like –
„pattern oriented”) landscape.
Matrix
„Habitat”
This is how the human “umwelt” is visualized
Matrix
Source: http://www.birdlife.org/images/raw/agriculture_spray.jpg
In traditionally managed landscapes…
-The habitat versus matrix delimitation is not
obvious therefore…
-…it is not easy to quantify the habitat and
landscape effect (of course, there are
exceptions…),
-The space is fluid, landscape elements are not
fixed,
-Potentially huge level of resilience,
-Ecological memory!
-Humans are part of nature,
-Wildlife friendly farming strategy
-How to delineate habitats and populations to use
them as management units for conservation?
-What is extinction, colonization, connectivity….?.
-The fragment based spatial models does not work.
-The “matrix” should be managed
Where are you matrix?
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Cris –
Southern Transylvania
Not protected
Protected
Delineating protected areas: help or destroy biodiversity?
SCI
SPA
Case study: amphibian occurrence in Saxon
landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
Weak landscape effect due to ecologically
(close to optimal) conditions assured
by low intensity land use
Amphibian occurrence in Saxon landscapes
(Southern Transylvania)
Strong pond effects!
(Triturus cristatus)
2005
2010
Corncrake occurrence in Saxon landscapes (Southern Transylvania)
132 males in an area of 245 sqkm (2005)
Occurrence and number of nests in Buteo buteo is influenced only by two variables:
- Arable land cover (in 2 km2 quadrates)
Moga et al. in prep.
- Orchard cover (2 km2 quadrates)
- Forest cover – close to significant effects.
Meadows and pastures: many species threatened by land abandonment
2004
2006
2009
2010
Malmkrog – Malancrav - Almakerek
Alternative, complementing approaches
New challenges for conservation biology!
Space is not always so fragmented as we (humans) perceive it!
The presence of humans in the landscape is not necessarily bad.
Newly proposed spatial models and associated concepts:
Variegation and contour models
Dinamic landscapes – Landscape fluiditity
Good umbrella for these: the High Nature Value Land concept.
Variegation, continua and umwelt models, dynamic landscapes and
landscape fluidity
Gradual changes are considered
Allows talking about landscape
species
Allows the inclusion of
concepts like:
(socio-) ecological resilience
Ecological memory
Umwelt „There are as many
surrounding worlds as there are
animals’’ (Von Üexküll, 1926)
Including humans in the formula: High Nature Value farmland
(in nutshell)
a)
A HNV are agricultural lands but:
HNV have a high species richness and spatially extent habitats
HNV have high number of protected species
b) The biodiversity of HNV lands is entirely dependent on the “wildlife friendly”
low intensity agricultural works.
Therefore, the HNV concept emphasize the importance of traditional agriculture
to conserve biodiversity in farmlands.
Protected areas and HNV areas in different countries of Europe
Protected areas in Turkey (it is not Europe…sorry :D)
Protected areas in Spain
HNV lands in Spain
HNV areas in Turkey
Mark Redman, ADEPT, unpubl. data
Conclusions (a bit beyond science)
The fragment based spatial ecology and conservation
models may not be entirely applicable in CE
The need for new, complementing approaches – with
taking humans into consideration.
Big challenge: to integrate agricultural production with
nature and not treating them separately
Are we able to manage our social-ecological systems in a
sustainable way? Are we willing to do this? How?
Special thanks for the following persons for the clever
ideas and conversations:
Báldi András, Piotr Tryjanowski, Carmen Gil, Öllerer Kinga,
Dan Cogalniceanu, Jan W. Arntzen, Joern Fischer.
The material of this talk is based on the following work:
Thank you for your
attention