Transcript 英语语法 English Grammar Unit 12 Attributive Clause Study objectives Warm-up activities Unit 12 Attributive Clauses (1) Unit 12 Attributive Clauses(2) Homework Study objectives By the end of this lesson, you should.

英语语法
English Grammar
Unit 12
Attributive Clause
Study objectives
Warm-up activities
Unit 12 Attributive Clauses (1)
Unit 12 Attributive Clauses(2)
Homework
Study objectives
By the end of this lesson, you
should be able to:
describe the definition of attributive
clause
describe the functions of relative
pronouns and relative adverbs
Study objectives
choose the relative pronouns and the
relative adverbs properly
distinguish the restrictive attributive
clause and the non- restrictive attributive
clause
grasp the usage of “as” in the attributive
clause
Warm-up Activities
Helen and Peter is a young couple.
Now, Please watch a mini-movie
about them! Let’s learn the
attributive clause with them !
Pre-watching tasks:
Watch the mini-movie carefully, and try
to collect the attributive clauses in it as
more as you can.
After-watching tasks:
Please do role play as the mini-movie
showed. You can imitate dialogues
between Helen and Peter.
Period 1
Unit 12 Attributive Clause (I)
Contents
1. What are the attributive clauses?
2. The classification of attributive
clauses
3. The relative pronouns and the
relative adverbs
4. Exercises
Task 1.1
What are the attributive clauses?
从句：
是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份
定语：
用于修饰名词或代词
He is a physics teacher.
Please show me another ticket.
Australia is an English-speaking country.
What are attributive clauses?
定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰
名词或代词，有时也可以修饰句子。被定
语修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句通常跟在
先行词后面，由关系代词that, which,
who, whom和whose或关系副词when,
where和why引出。
定语从句： 由一个句子充当定语
从句的位置：在名词或代词后
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词
引导词：引导定语从句的词：关系代词
引导词的作用：
关系副词
(1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
Task 1.2
The classification
of attributive clauses
The classification of attributive clauses
Attributive clauses can be classified in
to two groups briefly:
限定性
定语从句
He is the man who lives next door.
非限定性
定语从句
This is Peter, who lives next door.
Task 1.3
The relative pronouns
and the relative adverbs
The relative pronouns
功能 用于限制性与非限
制性定语从句
作用
用于限制性
定语从句
代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom
which
that
定语
whose
whose
(=whom) (=which)
The relative adverbs
关系副词 在定语从句中表示 在定语从句中作
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
Examples
作 用
例
句
We visited the factory which \that makes
toys for children.
作主语
Most managers who \that are present at
the meeting agreed to the plan.
作宾语
The student whom\that\who you want to
see has come.
The letter which \that I received
yesterday was from my father.
Examples
作 用
例
句
The girl whose mother is a teacher works
very hard.
作定语
The room whose windows were broken
was mine.
作状语
In 1998,he returned to the small town
where he grew up.
I still remember the day when I met him
for the first time.
The reason why he missed the speech
was that he didn’t catch the bus.
How to distinguish the relative pronouns
and the relative adverbs?
why
1.The reason _______he
missed the speech is that
he forgot the time.
2.The reason____________he
gave us sounded
that\which
reasonable.
that\which
3.I’ll never forget the day ____________we
spent
together in Paris.
when
4.I’ll remember the day________we
stayed
together at that time.
that\which
5.This is the factory____________we
visited last
year.
where
6.This is the house _________Lincoln
once lived.
How to distinguish the relative pronouns
and the relative adverbs?
Remember: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系
副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。
或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、
宾语还是状语而定。
who,that （先行词为人） 有区别吗？
1.用who不用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。
(2)当先行词为人称代词时。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a
true man.
Those who have any difficulty with
pronunciation should practice more.
who,that （先行词为人） 有区别吗？
2. 用that不用who的情况：
(1) 当先行词既是人又是物。
(2)当句子出现一个who等。
(3)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
He talked a lot about the things and persons
that he had remembered there.
Who is the man that spoke to you just now?
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
which,that (先行词为物） 有区别吗？
1.只用that不用which 的情况：
（1 ）先行词much, little, few, nothing, none,
anything, no, all等不定代词。
（2）先行词既是人又是物。
（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。
（4）先行词被the very,the only, the last, any,
every, who等修饰时。
（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时。
which,that (先行词为物） 有区别吗？
e. g.
This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
All that can be done has been done.
He spoke of the things and persons that he had
seen abroad.
This is the very book that I am looking for.
Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?
which,that (先行词为物） 有区别吗？
2. 只能用which 的情况:
介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)
引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时
只能用which。
which,that (先行词为物） 有区别吗？
e. g.
(1) The machine ,which I have looked after for
many years ,is still working perfectly.
(2) She failed the exam, which made her parents
very angry.
(3) He saw a film, which was about the Long
March.
(4) My glasses,without which I was like a blind
man,fell to the ground and broke.
介词+关系代词
先行词为人,关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物,
关系代词用which。
关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不
能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that 或
who,而且可省去。
关系代词和关系副词可转换：
where,when,why =介词+which
介词+关系代词
for
which
1.This is the reason ______
______he
left his
hometown. (=why)
on ______
which we stayed
2.I’ll never forget the day_____
together. (=when)
from _______I
whom learned the
3.This is the girl ______
news.
介词+关系代词
to whom
4.The person______
_____ I spoke just now is the
manager that I told you about.
5.I’ll show you a store____
______you may buy all
in which
that you need.(=where)
in which
6.I don’t like the way____
_____ you laughed at
her.(=that;\)
Task 1.4
Exercises
Error Correction
\
1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you?
（多词）
2.This is the very place where we visited many
years ago.
（错用引导词）
3. There are ten students are playing basketball
on the playground.（漏引导词）
4. English is a subject I am interested.（漏介词）
5.Can you show me the book which have been
translated into English by Smith?（主谓不一致）
6.There is not a single person in the street whom
I can turn for help.（引导词位置错误）
Period 2
Unit 12 Attributive Clause (2)
Contents
1. The restrictive attributive clause
2. The non-restrictive attributive clause
3. How to distinguish them?
4. Exercises
Contents
5. The functions of “as” in the
attributive clauses
6. Exercises
Task 2.1
The restrictive
attributive clause
The restrictive attributive clause
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少
的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去
意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用
逗号分开。
The restrictive attributive clause
e.g.
1.This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
2. He is the man who lives next door.
他是住在隔壁的那个人。
Task 2.2
The non-restrictive
attributive clause
The non-restrictive attributive clause
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只
是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意
思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往用逗号分开。
The non-restrictive attributive clause
e.g.
1. The house, which we bought last month, is
very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
2. He is Mr. Smith, who lives next door .
他是史密斯先生，他住在隔壁。
Task 2.3
How to distinguish them?
How to distinguish them?
Let’s compare:
The man who came here yesterday
has come again.
My sister, who is twenty, works in
a bank.
How to distinguish them?
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。两者
除了在意义上有区别以外，在形式上也有所不同。
限制性定语从句
由who、whom、whose、which或that引导，
不需要用逗号与先行词分开；
非限制性定语从句
不能用that引导，只能由who、whose、whom、
which引导，而且通常要用逗号与先行词分开。
How to distinguish them?
当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词
所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
e. g.
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher,
retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a
lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
How to distinguish them?
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行
词, 对其进行修饰:
e. g.
He seems not to have grasped what I meant,
which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called
evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
Task 2.4
Exercises
Ex. 1 Choose the best answer:
1. The first doll __ say “mama” was invented in
1830．
A that it could
B could it
C it could
D that could
2. A solar day is the length of time ___ the
Earth to revolve once around the Sun．
A takes
B takes it
C which takes
D he takes
Ex. 1 Choose the best answer:
3. The second half of his voyage was by far the
more dangerous part,___ he sailed round the
treacherous Cape Horn.
A where
B of which
C during which
D that
4. To travel from England to Hope Corn had
taken him nine months, the sailing time was 226
days. He had done what he wanted to ( )
accomplish.
A when
B which
C of which
D that
Ex. 1 Choose the best answer:
5. Everglades is a beautiful region of southern
Florida ___ the primitive past mingles with
modern life．
A there
B where
C after
D in
6. The knee is the joint ___ the thigh bone
meets the large bone of the lower leg．
A when
B where
C why
D which
Ex. 1 Choose the best answer:
7. The next morning ___ he came down to
breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of
a new, great discovery.
A as
B when
C because
D that
8. In a day few noble persons ever spoke to
those of humble origins except to give an order,
Jefferson went out of his way to talk with ( )
gardeners, servants, and waiters.
A whose
B during
C when
D of
Keys
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. C
Task 2.5
The functions of “as”
The functions of “as”
1. 引导限定性定语从句：主要用在such… as和
the same… as 的结构中
e.g.
He works in the same factory as I do.
The functions of “as”
2. 引导非限定性定语从句：as 引导非限定性定
语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明:
e.g.
He is from Changsha City, as we can
see from his accent.
Task 2.6
Exercises
Ex. 1 Fill in the following blanks with
the proper words:
1. I have got into the same trouble
( as, which, that )
he.
2. It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me
from going to the park..
( as, which, that )
3. Einstein,
is known, is a famous scientist.
( as, which, that )
Ex. 1 Fill in the following blanks with
the proper words:
4. Bamboo is hollow,
( as, which, that )
makes it very light.
5. My son now goes to the school,
I
used go to when I was a child. ( as, which,
that )
6. He didn’t come to attend the meeting,
expected. ( as, which, that )
is
Keys
1. as
2. which
3. as
4. which
5. which
6. as
Homework
1. Please finish the exercises of
Page 57 & Page 61.
2. Please study the on-line
resources about this unit.
Thank you!