Transcript Chapter 3 Hand Tools Tools  Why should you invest in the best tool for the job? 1.

Chapter 3
Hand Tools
Tools
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Why should you invest in the best tool for the job?
1. Cheap tools break easily
2. Cheap tools sometimes damage fasteners
(rounded bolts / nuts, stripped screws)
3. Quality tools last longer, perform better, and
are less likely to damage fasteners
4. Quality tools come with a lifetime warranty
Tool Design
Quality tools are made of high strength
alloy steel and should be light and
easy to use in tight quarters. A quality
tool is slim and properly designed to
fit your hand.
Tool Quality
Quality Tools are heat treated, and
the working surface is at a close
tolerance, a 3/4 is a 3/4
sharp edges are removed, and tools
are polished.
Tech Tip: Keep your tools clean! A greasy or oily
tool can decrease a technician’s performance and
may slip causing injury to the technician.
When buying tools,
you get what you pay for !
Tips to Remember
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KEEP YOUR TOOLS CLEAN!
Separate cutting tools
Lightly oil any tool that might rust
Delicate measuring tools- keep in protective
containers micrometers etc.
Engrave your tools with Drivers license.
Put Name & license Number on all tools
Major brands of Quality hand tools:
Snap On,
Craftsman,
S-K Wayne,
Matco,
Mac,
Huskey
Proto,
Master Mechanic
New Britain
Tool Boxes
Three Main Parts of Tool Box
 Top Box
(for frequently used tools)
(dividers help organize small tools)
 Bottom Box (Roll-away)
(for larger and heavier tools)
 Side Box
(for lighter bulkier tools)
When working in the shop
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Always wear safety glasses
or a full face shield
Wrenches
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Wrenches are a way to remove and replace bolts etc, but
they are slow. Use only as a last resort. You should use air
tools or ratchets if at all possible, because they are faster.
(Remember, pull with a wrench you have better control, if
you do push, push with your palm open.)
Wrench Size
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size is determined by width of jaw opening.
Slug Wrench
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This is the only wrench designed to be used
with a hammer.
Open End Wrench
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Size is determined by the width of jaw opening.
The open end is angled or offset by 15 degrees
at one end to help reach fasteners in tight spots.
Box End Wrench
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Box-end wrenches are available in 6 or 12 point openings.
Can be double offset or box offset 15 degrees for
clearance for hand.
Comes in different lengths, each end is a different size,
good wrench for breaking loose tight bolts
Combination Wrench
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One end open, one end boxed both the
same size can be different lengths
Tubing Wrench - (flare nut)
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Box type wrench with section cut away. One
end sometimes might be open like a
combination wrench. Make sure you buy 6pt. –
(12pt. are no good, they will slip)
Adjustable Open-End Wrench
AKA “Crescent” Wrench
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Not a replacement for all other wrenches.
Try to always use the correct size wrench.
This wrench is usually used as a last resort,
and tends to slip. Adjust jaws firmly. You
should only put pressure on the fixed jaw.
Ignition Wrench
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one end open, one end boxed or both ends
open different size at each end
Socket Wrench
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Sockets come in many sizes with different openings.
6 pt. & 12 pt. are the most common.
They are used to remove and install nuts and bolts.
8 pt or double square are used on square nuts. Square
(4 sided) sockets are also used in special applications
6 point
8 point
12 point
Drive size common to Automotive
are 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4 - square hole
Sockets
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Shallow Sockets
Chrome 12pt.
& Impact 6pt.
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Deep Sockets
chrome 12pt.
& Impact 6pt.
Sockets
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Swivel sockets
or Wobbly sockets
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crowfeet
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Impact
Sockets
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Extensions
used to extend
reach of sockets
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Universal Joint
A “universal” is
used to reach
around
obstructions.
Impact
Standard
Torque Stix
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Used to torque down lug nuts to the proper
torque when using a impact wrench. The larger
the shaft the more torque it will carry.
Torque Sticks
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Look up on the chart for your make and model or
if you know the torque look on the chart and find
the right torque stix
Socket Handles
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ratchet - short and long
Swivel Head Ratchet
Socket handles
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speed handle - and swivel speed handle
used to rapidly spin a fastener off and on
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flex handle or breaker bar long and short
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sliding T bar
Torque wrenches
A torque wrench is a
tool used to
precisely set the
torque or tightness
of a fastener such
as a nut or bolt.
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Beam type
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Dial type
sometimes referred
to as a Micrometer
type or Click Type
Torque wrenches
Digital
Torque wrenches
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Come in inch lbs and foot lbs
Always look up tightening sequence
Always look up the amount of Torque
Recheck each fastener twice
Pull with a steady pull, do not jerk
Make sure threads are clean
Remember that it takes more force to start a
fastener then to keep it turning.
Allen Wrenches
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An Allen wrench is one type of wrench that
connects to a specially made hex fastener
Screw drivers
A. Slotted
B. Pozi-Drive Phillips
C. Phillips
D. Torx
E. Allen / Hex
Screw driver Selection
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Blade should fit the slot snugly and have
good surface contact with no play
Screw drivers
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Reed and Prince
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clutch
Screw drivers
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Pozi-drive
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Allen or Hex tip
Screw drivers
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Scurlox or
Square Drive
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Torx
Screw drivers
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Offset
Screw drivers
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Screwdrivers are classed in size of shank such as
3/16, 1/4, 5/16, and length of shank such as 2",
4", 6". Some manufactures take length of shank
and handle. Normally just the shank is measured.
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Handles come in different shapes to get better
torque on screw
Screw Driver Use
Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar or punch!
 Some shanks are square so you may apply a
wrench
 If holding small object in hand do not run
screwdriver through hand, keep hand back!
 Screwdriver handles are not usually insulated
Pliers
Used to grip various parts
 Combination slip joint pliers
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Diagonal side cutters
Used for cutting soft metal
Pliers
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Needle nose
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Channel lock or Arc
joint (Sears)
Snap-on calls them
Adjustable Joint
Used to be called
water pump pliers
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Pliers
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Linesman
Locking Pliers
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Locking Pliers or Vise Grips
(Brand Name)
used to clamp and hold
various parts
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Needle Nose Locking Pliers
or Vise Grips
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Lock ring pliers
Pliers
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Locking C-Clamp
Pliers
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Snap Ring - Internal or External
Pliers
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Spark Plug Boot Pliers
Pliers
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Brake pliers
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Hose clamp pliers
Pliers
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Robo Grip
Pliers
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Pinch off hose pliers
Pliers
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Wire Strippers and Crimpers
Hammers
Claw Hammer this is Auto shop, not Wood shop
Hammers
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Claw Hammer - this is Auto shop, not Wood shop
Ball Peen Hammer - general purpose hammer most
commonly used by technicians
Sledge Hammer – for heavy pounding
Rubber Mallet – used for hub cap installation
More Hammers
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Brass Hammers - (middle one) used to prevent damage to
mild steel parts
Plastic Tipped – also used to prevent damage to softer parts
Some have replaceable tips in several different types of
materials
Dead Blow Hammer
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A dead blow hammer is a
specialized mallet helpful in
minimizing damage to the
struck surface and in
controlling striking force with
minimal rebound from the
striking surface. The head of
these hammers are
commonly hollow and filled
with sand or shot, which
absorbs the impact of a
strike, reducing the bounceback. - Wikipedia
Hammers
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Lead Hammers not used much any more
Raw hide Hammers not used much any more
(good in their day, but have been replaced by newer styles)
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These have been replaced by dead blow and
plastic tip hammers
Safety Tips on Hammer use
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1. Strike face of hammer head squarely
2. Make sure head is secure on hammer
handle (Hammer Head is wedged on in both directions)
3. Never swing hammer in the direction
that someone is standing
4. Keep handle clean and dry
5. Keep punch and chisel ends from
mushrooming by periodic grinding
Chisels & Punches
Punches
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Round Nose Cape Chisel
Cape Chisel
Cold Chisel
Center Punch
Tapered Starting Punch
Drift or Roll Pin Punch
Punches
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Aligning punch sometimes called
a Long Taper or Line-up punch
used to line up holes in parts for
assembly
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Center punch - use before drilling
or to mark metal
Chisels
Used to cut off damaged parts
or fasteners
 Flat Cold chisel: most common,
A technician must always
wear safety glasses and be
sure the cutting edge is
sharp. The striking surface or
top of chisel should not be
mushroomed, it should be
smooth with a slight taper.
Punches
To sharpen, remove mushroom,
or true Punches and chisels:
 Hold at proper angles and
dip often in water,
DO NOT let them turn blue
Mushroomed Chisels
Brass Drift Punch Set
More…
Files
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Are used when a small amount of material needs to be
removed (usually metal)
Coarse File – Double Cut – has large cutting grooves,
for removing material faster
Smooth File –Single cut – removes small amounts of
metal and leaves a smoother finish
Mill Bastard - really coarse cutting grooves for maximum
cutting power
The number of cuts and the size of the cuts determines
the coarseness of the file
Files
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Single cut - rows of teeth run in one direction
Double cut - teeth run at an angle to each other
Shapes of files
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flat, square, round or rat tail, half round, knife
edge, 3-square or triangular, point file
Files
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Use a coarse file for soft metal, it prevents
clogging
File card
(3) Tech Tips:
1. Always use a file handle
2. Use chalk to get rid of oil on a file
3. Use a file card or wire brush to clean a file
Rotary files
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good for blind holes
where a lot of material must be removed
wear safety glasses
Hack saws
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used to cut metal
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close quarter Hack saws
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Blade length 8, 10, 12,
Semi-flexible blades, High speed blades.
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Hack Saws - Blades
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Teeth on hack saw go forward
Need at least two teeth on metal
Teeth per inch (T.P.I.)
14 T.P.I. Large pieces of soft steel
18 T.P.I Large pieces of hard tool steel
24 T.P.I. Cooper brass, Light angle Iron Tubing,
sheet metal
32 T.P.I. Thin sheet metal and thin tubing
Hold the hacksaw with both hands
Hole saw
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Used to cut round holes in thin metal or wood
or plastic
Holding Tools - Vise
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A vise is primarily used to
hold parts during drilling,
cutting, or thread
repairing operations.
A vise should never be
hammered on for any
reason. A vise is not an
anvil!
Holding Tools – C-clamp
C-clamps hold parts on a
work surface while:
 Drilling
 Filing
 Cutting
 Welding
 Or other operations
Cleaning Tools
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Q: Why is dirt an enemy of the
automobile?
A: One grain of sand can cause
a major breakdown by clogging
a passage or scarring a part.
Examples of Cleaning Tools:
Scraper: removes gaskets, grease, sludge,
and carbon from parts.
Wire Brush: Used to remove light rust and
baked-on dirt from automotive parts.
Solvent Tank: Used with a brush to clean
oil and grease from parts.
Wire Knot Brush: Used with a drill to
remove gaskets, carbon, and rust deposits.
Probe & Pickup Tools
Telescoping Inspection Mirrors
Inspection mirrors
allow technicians to
see behind objects
and in difficult to see
locations.
Pick up tools
Heavy duty Telescoping
Magnetic Pick-up Tool:
For picking up heavy iron or
steel objects, like dropped
nuts, bolts, and tools
Standard Telescoping
Magnetic Pick-up Tool:
For picking up lighter iron or
steel objects, like dropped
nuts and bolts
Mechanical Fingers
Pick-up Tool:
For picking up light
non-magnetic objects
Pry-Bars
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Heavy Duty Pry-Bars
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Rolling Head Pry-Bars
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Door Panel Trim Pry-Tool
Pry-Bars
WEAR EYE PROTECTION!
Extreme care must be used
when operating a pry-bar to
avoid damaging parts, do
not apply excessive force
on fragile components.
Twist Drill Bits
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Fractional inch size 1/16,1/4, 3/8, 7/16, ½
Letter Size A-Z
Number Size 1-80
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Left hand drill bits cut when going in Reverse
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(usually for broken bolt extraction)
Twist Drill Bits
Twist Drill Bits
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Types of materials
- carbon steel – Cheap drill bit
- high speed steel (HSS) better
- Titanium & Cobalt best
Shanks - straight - turned down - tapered
All Drill Bits must be sharp
Drill Motors
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Common sizes 1/4, 3/8, ½ refers to size of
chuck or how big of drill bit it will hold.
Center punch before drilling, keeps drill from
wandering
Use cutting oil except on sheet metal and
cast iron.
Corded and cordless
Some have keyless chucks
Drill Motor
Drill, Keyless chuck
Safety Hints
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1. Firm grip on the drill
2. Always unplug drill before removing or
installing drill bit
3. Don't wear loose clothing
4. Secure the work firmly (C-clamp or vise)
5. Wear safety glasses
6. Make sure drill is properly grounded
7. To avoid electric shock, do not stand on wet
surfaces when using power tools
Tap & Dies
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Taps are used to cut
internal threads
Types of taps
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Taper - first 6-8 threads are Chamfered
Plug - first 3-5 threads are Chamfered
Bottoming have threads all the way to the
Bottom - Does not start well
Taps
Taps
Know these terms;
Tap drill
drill bit that drills a hole the proper size for
threads to be cut when using a tap (slightly
smaller than thread size).
Clearance Drill
drill bit that will drill a hole the size needed to
insert bolt with out threading it.
Refer to the tap drill size chart
Tap wrench
Die Stock
Dies
Dies are used to cut external
threads on stock or bolts
Tap & Dies
Finding the right size Tap or Die
Use a Thread pitch gauge
National Coarse National Fine
NC
NF
½ x 13
½ x 20
½ size of bolt
13 teeth per inch 20 teeth per inch
Thread pitch gauge
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Used to find how many threads in an inch
come in metric and standard
Tap and Die rules
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Use cutting oil when using Taps and Dies
Keep Tap square with hole
Keep backing off Tap to break chips off (1 turn in
1/2 turn back
Keep Taps and Dies clean and lightly oiled
Keep Taps in storage box separate from others
so you will not damage the cutting edge
Make sure all the tools are in the box when you
return it to the tool room
Tap & Dies
Thread chasers and thread files
should be used only to
repair damaged threads
Screw Extractors
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For removing broken screws and studs
first center punch broken bolt, lube with W.D.
40 to loosen bolt, drill out with largest size
drill with out damaging threads all the way
through, then insert screw extractor
square shank - hit with hammer
spiral - will twist in and grab
Thread repair
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Heli Coil
EZ-LOK
Solder Guns
Soldering
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If solder gun does not work do these three things
1. Tighten the nuts, the screw or Allen set screw
on the soldering tip. (do not over tighten as it gets
hot then cold it will expand then contract these
will always come lose)
2. Clean and sand the tip of the solder gun
3. tin the tip of the solder gun
Types of Solder
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Rosin core - wiring
Acid core - radiators
Pullers
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Two jaw
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Three jaw
Pullers
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Steering wheel
Harmonic balance puller
Pullers
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Slide hammer and attachments
Hones
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wheel cylinder (Drum Brake)
disc brake caliper
glaze breaker
cylinder hones
Ring Compressor
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ring compressors
Ring Expander
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ring expander
Valve Spring Compressor
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valve spring compressors
Brake spoon & Spanner wrench
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brake spoons
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spanner wrench
Tin snips / Straight Tinner Snips
Offset model aviation snips
Left cut model - for cutting straight and tight left curves
Right cut model - for cutting straight and tight right curves
Straight cut model - for cutting straight and mild curves both left and right
Bushing driver & Bearing Packer
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bushing drivers
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bearing packer
Grease Gun
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Grease Gun
Seal Puller & Installer
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Seal pullers
Seal installers
Hand Impact
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Used to remove
stubborn screws
insert right size bit
turn in direction you
want to go and strike
with a hammer.
Measuring tools
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feeler gauge - flat
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round or wire
Measuring tools
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Feeler gauge
flat & round
Measuring tools
Calipers
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Outside
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Dial
Inside
Measuring tools
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Dial indicator
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Straight edge - .003 max
(not shown)
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Telescoping gauge
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Small hole gauge
Micrometer
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name of parts
reading mikes
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Inside micrometer
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See power point on micrometers
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Test Light
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Use to test for power or ground
Power Probe III
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Use to test for power or ground and more
Questions?
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Check the textbook chapter 3 for any questions you still need
answered.
Check with at least three other students to try and find the answers
you are missing.
Finally, Check with the instructor to learn where to go to find the
answers you still need.
Still have questions?
Contact
Mr. Vance Bloom at [email protected]
Or Mr. Ed Kessel at [email protected]