Transcript The CSP-DSW Study Overview G. Tzamtzis The CSP-DSW Project STUDY SCOPE To conduct a Research and Development Study containing a techno-economic assessment study of the current status.

The CSP-DSW Study
Overview
G. Tzamtzis
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The CSP-DSW Project
STUDY SCOPE
To conduct a Research and Development Study
containing a techno-economic assessment study of the
current status of technology in the co-production of
electricity and desalinated water (by Sea Water
Desalination-SWD) using Concentrated Solar Power
(CSP)
Funded by:
The Cyprus Government, through the Department of
Control
The project is co-financed by the EU Cohesion Fund
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The CSP-DSW Project
Coordinator:
The Cyprus Institute (CyI)
Principle Investigator:
Prof. C.N. Papanicolas
Research Partners:
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC)
• Electric Authority of Cyprus (EAC)
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Cyprus’ Energy Problem
• Complete dependence on fossil fuel
Cyprus is almost completely dependent on fossil fuel at a rate of about 96%
(2006) with almost no hydrocarbon resources indigenously existing on the
island. Soaring oil prices and natural gas shortages in Europe due to political
disputes in 2008 emphasize the criticality of minimizing the dependence on
such resources for energy production.
• Increasing Energy demand
Energy demand has continued to increase in the past years. Energy
consumption rose from 1978 GWh in 1991 to 4396 GWh in 2006. The
increase is mostly due to Cyprus’ economic growth over the past twenty
years as well as the continuous population growth.
• Increased Carbon Emissions
The use of hydrocarbons is the primary source of carbon emissions and
especially CO2 a potent greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming.
The national target for 2010 is set at 9% of total energy consumption to be from
renewable sources. In the newly proposed EU Directive, the target for 2020 is
13%.
Cyprus’ Energy Problem
Peak electricity demand and forecast in Cyprus
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Cyprus’ Water Problem
• Water Scarcity
Cyprus has always faced prolonged periods of drought.
Rising temperatures and decreased precipitation due to
Climate Change exacerbate the problem.
• Climate model predictions
Robust model predictions are unfavourable: by the end of
this century a 20% - 40% reduction in rainfall is expected,
while the temperature is expected to increase by 3-6
degrees Celsius.
• Water reservoirs critically low
Although steps have been taken to maximize capacity, water
in dams is low and aquifers are almost depleted.
The increasing role of Desalination
Cyprus
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Source: Cyprus WDD
CSP and Desalination
The CSP-DSW project examines a most promising
solution for Cyprus:
• Production of water to cover the rising demand and
simultaneous production of economically competitive, green
electricity from solar power.
• CSP Technology has been used with Desalination but in a
“serial” way, i.e. production of electricity through solar power
first and then utilization of the produced electricity for
desalination.
• The co-generation scheme examines the feasibility of a more
efficient, cost-saving and environment-friendly plant for
electricity and water production
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CSP-DSW Project Organization
To better examine and investigate the various aspects of the
project, it has been divided into the following themes:
Techno-Economic Assessment and Siting
• Prof. Papanicolas and Dr. Anastasiou, CyI
Solar Collection and Heat Storage
• Prof. Slocum, MIT
Electricity Production
• Dr. Poullikkas, EAC
Desalination
• Prof. Georgiadis, UIUC
Optimization and Integration
• Prof. Mitsos, MIT
CSP-DSW Project Organization
Techno-economic and Siting
Assessment Group at CyI
Prof. C. N. Papanicolas
Dr. T. Anastasiou
Dr. A. Bonanos
Dr. G. Tzamtzis
Dr. I. Mitra
Light Harvesting and Heat Storage
Group at MIT
Prof. Alex Slocum
Prof. Jacopo Buongiorno
Dr. Charles Forsberg
Prof. Ahmed F. Ghoniem
Prof. T. Alan Hatton
Dr. Tom McKrell
Mr. Danny Codd
Mr. Nevan Hanumara
Mr. Stefano Passerini
Mr. Folkers Rojas
Mr. Vaibhav Somani
Electricity Production Group at EAC
Dr. Andreas Poullikkas
Dr. Constantinos Rouvas
Mr. Ioannis Hadjipaschalis
Mr. George Kourtis
Desalination Group at UIUC
Prof. John Georgiadis
Mrs. Andrea Vozar
Dr. Myunghoon Seong
Mr. Joao Pedro Bianco Bekenn
Mr. Marios Georgiou
Optimization and Integration Group at MIT
Prof. Alexander Mitsos
Dr. Amin Ghobeity
Mr. Corey J. Noone,
Mr. Christopher M. Williams
Ms. Latifah H. Hamzah
Mr. Alex Pak
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The CSP-DSW Project
The Study Focused on:
• An examination of current technologies for Desalination
and Electricity Production using CSP for Cyprus
• An assessment of the maturity of the available
technologies for implementation in a pilot and a
commercial plant.
• An innovative design for a Pilot plant for Cyprus, with
proposals for its various subsystems
• Operational parameters, capacity and an operational plan
of the proposed pilot plant.
• An Economic Assessment of the proposed technology.
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CSP-DSW Considerations
Constraints and Considerations:
• The unit must present a co-generation solution bespoken for
Cyprus’ needs and conditions. Cyprus has an isolated grid
and is depended completely on fossil fuel. It also relies
heavily on desalination which is very energy demanding
• The Unit must operate independently and continuously, (no
fossil fuel assisted operation). This dictates the use of energy
storage for operation during the night and cloudy weather
• The Unit should take into account the geographical
conditions in Cyprus. Flat land, especially near the coast is
scarce and expensive. The unit should be deployed in a hilly
and coastal environment (Fresnel and Parabolic troughs
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unsuitable)
CSP-DSW Considerations
Constraints and Considerations:
• The Unit should utilize all available thermal energy from
Solar Harvesting, Storage and Power Cycle to enhance its
performance and introduce savings
• The Unit should produce simultaneously both electricity and
water, with the ability to modify its operation according to
seasonal and instantaneous needs
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CSP-DSW co-generation
simplified concept
The CSP-DSW co-generation scheme will try to utilise the
all available thermal energy from the various
subsystems
The advantages of CSP-DSW are realized only when the power
and desalination cycles are integrated thermally and optimized
together.
The CSP-DSW Project
System Description:
SOLAR HARVESTING AND HEAT STORAGE
Light (solar energy) will be harvested by a field of Heliostats on a hilly, south
facing, location near the sea.
The solar energy will be captured by a central receiver and converted to heat
and stored in a salt container of novel design at high temperatures (500 to
600ο C).
A second, more advance and technologically far more challenging design for
the storage unit, employing very high operating temperatures (600 – 1000ο C)
has also been studied, providing an excellent future solution (supercritical CO2
cycle)
The Solar Harvesting and Storage Module is based on the
innovative CSPonD concept developed by Slocum et al. at MIT.
The CSP-DSW Project
System Description:
POWER PRODUCTION
Steam will be generated from the heat reservoir of the salt container.
Electricity will be produced using commercially available Steam extraction
turbine.
DESALINATION
Desalinated water will be produced using an innovative Multiple Effect
Distillation (MED) with a Thermal Vapour Compressor, principally from the
heat output of the steam turbine and other heat sources of the system.
A hybrid solution (MED+RO) might introduce further flexibility and efficiency
in the system.
The CSP-DSW Project
Presentations:
• Prof. Mitsos will talk about the CSP-DSW subsystems
integration and optimization process and operational
considerations. Overview of the whole system
• Mr. Danny Codd will present the innovative CSPonD concept
for the integrated Central Receiver and Storage system
• Dr. Rouvas will present the considerations and issues
pertained to the turbine coupling to the whole system and in
particular the desalination cycle
• Prof. Georgiadis will discuss the various desalination options
and present an MED proposal for the CSP-DSW system
• Prof. Papanicolas will present the financial assessment of the
technology and the overall conclusions of the study.
The CSP-DSW Project
Acknowledgments
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Cyprus Energy Regulatory Authority
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Cyprus Land Survey
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Cyprus Meteorological Service
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Department of Control
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Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism
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Ministry of Communication and Works
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Ministry of Interior
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Ministry of Education
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Planning Bureau
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Water Development Department