Transcript instinct

Psychoanalysis
http://www.vixbon.com/search.php?q=sigmund+freud
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
The mind is like an iceberg.
Most of it is beneath the surface.
Parts of the mind
• According to Freud
• Conscious mind
– Thoughts we are aware of
– Examples?
• Unconscious mind
– Wishes, thoughts, feelings, and memories of which we are
unaware
– Largest part of the mind
– How do we access?
• Preconscious mind
– Temporary storage; memories easily brought into consciousness
– Examples?
http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/staff/tlink/personality/home_topics.html
Freud’s theory
• People driven by
biological desires
–Food
–Water
–Sex
–Aggression
The id, ego, and superego
• The Id
– Unconscious mind
– Life and death instincts
– Life instincts = positive constructive behaviors
– Death instincts = aggression and destructiveness
– Pleasure principle
• Wants IMMEDIATE satisfaction regardless of
society’s rules or rights/feelings of others
• Examples?
The id, ego, and superego
• The Ego
– The self
– Organizes ways to get what we want
– Works out compromises with id (the reality principle)
– Often “referees” between id and superego
– Delayed gratification
• Examples?
The id, ego, and superego
• The Superego
– Develops as we experience rules & values of society
– Requires internalizing of values
– Represents our sense of morality
• Examples?
http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/staff/tlink/personality/home_topics.html
Should I eat a bacon-double
cheese burger?
• What would Id say?
– “Yes. It is yummy and I am hungry.”
• What would Superego say?
– “No. It is bad for my health. It is not an ecologically
sustainable way to eat.”
• How would Ego resolve conflict?
– Use defense mechanism (rationalization) to satisfy id
and superego. “Well, just this one time won’t hurt. I’m
in a big hurry and wouldn’t it be worse if I had a
sensible meal and then had to speed to get to my
meeting on time?”
How are the id, ego, and superego
at work (or not)?
• Pastor Ted Haggard was the leader of America's largest
evangelical Christian association, the founder and pastor
of one of America's most famous mega-churches, a
campaigner for "family values" and a vocal opponent of
gay marriage legislation. Then a male prostitute came
forward and claimed that Haggard had paid him for
services and meth. Haggard admitted to having paid for
a massage and said that he threw the drugs away.
• George and the éclair
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKC5jjFkfgo
Freud’s theory
• Unresolved conflicts
can lead to anxiety
–Objective anxiety
–Neurotic anxiety
–Moral anxiety
• These are the
warning bells!
Anxieties
• Objective anxiety
– Fear of tangible dangers (fire, wild animals, etc.)
– Bad when carried to extreme
• Neurotic anxiety
– Fear of punishment for expressing id-dominated
behavior
– Not afraid of instinct; afraid of punishment
• Moral anxiety
– Conflict between id and superego
– Often leads to shame and guilt
Freud’s theory
• Defense mechanisms
– Unconscious
tactics
– Goal
• Prevent threats
from surfacing
• Disguise threats
that do surface
Defense mechanisms
• Eight groups (each has a defense
mechanism)
• Task
– Page 403 in textbook
– Explain to class how defense mechanism
works
– Create a skit that shows defense mechanism
in action
Defense mechanisms
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Displacement
Group presentation
Valentine’s Day
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xS8G9Qcze6
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Defense mechanisms
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Denial
Group presentation
The Big Bang Theory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=qOfxG
R0K9jA&feature=endscreen
Defense mechanisms
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Rationalization
Group presentation
Yes Man
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0MSWCzAfr
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Defense mechanisms
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Sublimation
Group presentation
Mean Girls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GPDt6cMYvo
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Defense mechanisms
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Reaction Formation
Group presentation
Happy Endings
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n21IeiboB3k
Defense mechanisms
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Regression
Group presentation
Friends
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2xi7B3mkr0
&feature=autoplay&list=PL5C340852612A4869
&lf=results_video&playnext=2
Defense mechanisms
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Repression
Group presentation
Big Bang Theory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rl5Kag5cfyU
Defense mechanisms
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Projection
Group presentation
Friends
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdYoKI7qxlE
&feature=related
Defense mechanisms
• How many different defense mechanisms can
you identify?
• Friends
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM2UV
_KAmls
• Reflection exercise
• Be conscious of your own defense
mechanisms. Which ones do you tend to
exhibit? Explain!
Name that defense mechanism
1.
A physically abusive parent claiming that a beating is
good for the child.
2. An 8-year-old child whose parents are getting divorced
starts wetting the bed.
3. A young woman forcing the memories of sexual abuse
into her unconscious mind.
4. After suffering major losses in the stock market, Jim
trades in his luxury car for a small, cheaper car
claiming that he wants to help stop air pollution.
1. Rationalization
2. Regression
3. Repression
4. Reaction Formation
Name that defense mechanism
5. After getting fired, Mr. James has been grumpy and
short with his wife.
6. An aggressive young man takes up rugby to re-channel
his aggressive impulses.
7. A student forgot that his dreaded final exam in geometry
was Friday, despite having it marked on his calendar for
weeks.
8. A young woman failed a class at school. She asks her
teacher what she can do to pass the course.
5. Displacement
6. Sublimation
7. Repression
8. Denial
Name that defense mechanism
9. A student plans to cheat on an upcoming exam, which
interprets the anxiety of students who desire to cheat on
the exam.
10. A person frequently makes anti-gay slurs, yet harbors
romantic feelings for a same-sex friend.
11.Tory was convicted for being a Peeping Tom. Now, he
has left behind his sordid past and is a photographer for
Playboy magazine.
12. After being criticized at work, Thomas argued with his
wife and kicked the dog.
9. Rationalization
10. Denial
11. Sublimation
12. Displacement
Freud’s theory
• Personality development
– Develops through
childhood
– Series of psycho-sexual
stages
– Different part of body
becomes primary focus of
pleasure
– Failure to resolve conflict
can lead to fixation
Oral stage
• Birth to 18 months
• Mouth is center of pleasure
• Problems could arise if
weaned from breast or bottle
too soon or too late
• Adult issues (if unresolved)
– Smoking
– Over eating
– Talking too much
Anal stage
• Ages two to three
• Toilet training (anus) is
center of pleasure
• Problems could arise if too
soon or too late
• Adult issues (if unresolved)
• Anal retentive
– Stingy and neat
• Anal aggressive
– Disorganized or impulsive
Anal stage
Phallic stage
• Ages three to six
• Genitalia is center of
pleasure
• Different for boys and girls
• Unresolved conflicts lead to
relationship issues as adults
Phallic stage – Boys
• Sexual feelings for
mother
• Unconsciously wants to
get rid of father
– Oedipus complex
• Ego represses desires
• Boy strives to be like
father
Phallic stage – Girls
• Strong feelings for
mother
• Realizes she has no
penis
– Penis envy
• Transfers feelings to
father
– Electra complex
• Ego represses desires
• Girl strives to be like
mother
Latency stage
• Age six until puberty
• Sexual impulses
dormant
• Child focuses on
education & other issues
• Social skills develop
• Children generally play
with same sex children
Genital stage
• From puberty on
• Genitals become source
of pleasure
• Degree of fulfillment
depends on resolution of
conflicts from earlier
stages
Assessing the Unconscious
• Freudian slips
• Lapse in speech which
Freud believed reflected
unconscious desires or
beliefs
• http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=Hpu_iEsISuI
• Free association
– Have patient do all of the
talking – about anything –
and then interpret
• Dream analysis
– Interpreting latent (hidden)
content of actual events
(manifest content) of dreams
Neo-Freudians
Alfred Adler
Womb envy – men can’t
bear children; life less
meaningful
Cultural factors create
inferiority in women – not
penis envy
Carl Jung
Karen Horney
Id impulses didn’t drive
personality
Desire for control drove
personality
People born with “life
force”
Introversion and
extroversion developed
personality
Modern Psychoanalysis
• Reject:
– Psychosexual stages
– Id, ego, superego
• Maintain:
−Role of the unconscious
−Inner conflicts and Defense
mechanisms