Transcript METALS, NONMETALS, METALLOIDS, & NOBLE GASES

METALS, NONMETALS,
METALLOIDS, &
NOBLE GASES
FOUR SECTION FOLDABLE
ADVANCED ORGANIZER
PROPERTIES OF METALS
• Most elements are metals
• Metals are located left of the Zig Zag
line
• Metals have few electrons in their
outer energy level
• Metals are solid at room temperature
except Mercury which is a liquid
PROPERTIES OF METALS
• Metals are good conductors of heat
and electricity
• Metals are malleable which means
they can be flattened into thin sheets
• Metals are ductile which means they
can be drawn into thin wires
• Metals are shiny
EXAMPLES OF METALS
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Gold
Silver
Mercury
Lead
Iron
Nickel
Copper
PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS
• Nonmetals are located right of the Zig
Zag line
• Nonmetals have almost a complete
set of electrons in their outer energy
level
• Nonmetals are mostly gases at room
temperature
PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS
• Nonmetals are not good conductors of
heat & electricity
• Nonmetals are not malleable
• Nonmetals are not ductile – they are
brittle and will break or shatter when
hit with a hammer
• Nonmetals are not shiny
EXAMPLES OF NONMETALS
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Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Carbon
Chlorine
Fluorine
Iodine
PROPERTIES OF METALLOIDS
• Metalloids are also called
semiconductors
• Metalloids border the Zig Zag line
• Metalloids have a ½ complete set of
electrons in their outer energy level
• Metalloids have some properties of
metals and some properties of
nonmetals.
EXAMPLES OF METALLOIDS
• Tellurium-shiny but brittle
• Silicon-semiconductor
• Boron-hard but brittle and a good
conductor of electricity
PROPERTIES OF NOBLE GASES
• Noble Gases are Family 18
• Noble Gases have a complete set of
electrons in their outer energy level –
all but Helium have 8. Helium has 2.
• Noble Gases are gases at room
temperature
• Noble Gases are nonmetals
PROPERTIES OF NOBLE GASES
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Noble Gases are colorless
Noble Gases are odorless
Noble Gases are unreactive
Noble Gases are found in very small
amounts on Earth
EXAMPLES OF NOBLE GASES
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Helium
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon (Radioactive gas)
More Vocabulary
• Period – a horizontal row of elements
on the periodic table
• Lanthanides – transition metals that
follow lanthanum (first row at the
bottom). They are shiny, reactive
metals. Some are used to make
steel.
More Vocabulary
• Actinides - transition metals that
follow actinium (second row at the
bottom). They are all radioactive and
unstable. They can change into
different elements. Elements after
plutonium do not occur in nature.
More Vocabulary
• Family – also called a group, are the
columns on the periodic table. Most
of these elements in a family share
similar properties
• Metal – elements that are shiny and
are good conductors of thermal
energy and electric current; most
metals are malleable and ductile
More Vocabulary
• Nonmetal – elements that are dull and
are poor conductors of thermal
energy and electric current
• Metalloid – elements that have
properties of both metals and
nonmetals; sometimes referred to as
semiconductors.
Additional Notes
• The number at the top of the block on
the Periodic Table is the ATOMIC
NUMBER.
• The ATOMIC NUMBER tells you how
many PROTONS are in the nucleus of
the atom.
• The ATOMIC NUMBER is unique to
each element.