Transcript The Periodic Table - Mr. Hounslow's Physics Page

The Periodic Table
Groups/Family: Columns
Each column contains elements with similar properties,
hence families.
How may groups/families are there in the periodic table? 18!
However, we are going to focus on 1A-8A (roman numerals)
Periods: Rows
The rows are also known as shells, energy
levels or “n”.
How many shells can an element contain? 7!
Staircase: The metalloids
Separates metals and nonmetals
Contain the metalloids on either side.*
Metalloids have properties of both metals and
nonmetals!
*
*
Metals
Middle and left side of the table
Majority of the elements
*
Non-Metals
Mostly gases
Located on the upper right*
*
Alkali Metals: 1A
Highly reactive metals (reacts violently with
water!
Silver, shiny and easily cut. (1 outer electron)
Alkaline Metals: 2A
A little more dense than the alkali metals
Reactive metals (2 outer electrons)
Transition Metals: B’s
Most of the “normal” metals you
think of: gold, silver, platinum, iron,
etc. (1-3 outer electrons)
Halogens: 7A
Gases: very reactive
Most are diatomic (2 atoms) and form salts
(7 outer electrons)
Noble Gases: 8A
Inert: non reactive, colorless, odorless gases
Full outer shell of electrons (8 outer electrons)
(the octet rule)
Lanthanides
Transition metals taken out to save
space
Shiny and reactive
Actinide
All radioactive!
95 - 103 do not exist in nature
Color Code:











Color the square for Hydrogen pink.
Lightly color all metals yellow.
Place black dots in the squares of all alkali metals.
Draw a horizontal line across each box in the group of alkaline
earth metals.
Draw a diagonal line across each box of all transition metals.
Color the metalloids purple.
Color the nonmetals orange.
Draw vertical lines through all the boxes of the halogens.
Draw checkerboard lines through all the boxes of the noble
gases.
Color all the lanthanides red.
Color all the actinides green.
Diatomic Elements




Di – two
Atomic – atoms
6 elements make a “seven” + hydrogen
Seven total
NOFClBrI
-H
Nofclbri - H
Gases!


Gases at room temperature
Most are noble (8A)
Liquids!


Only two elements are liquid at room temp.
Bromine and Mercury
Blocks!
 The
table can also divided into Blocks,
which are like neighborhoods
 There
are 4 blocks: s, p, d, f
 Blocks
are also known as sub-shells
Blocks!
Helium is in the s block
Groups: additional

Although there are 18 groups we are only going to
focus on the “A” Groups: 1A – 8A; leaves out the
transition metals and the f block

Groups are also named by the first element in the
group.

Ex: carbon group, oxygen group, fluorine
group