Transcript John Morken: Biodrivstoff og klimautslipp.

Biodrivstoff og klimautslipp
John Morken
1. amanuesis
Institutt for matematiske realfag og teknologi
2111
2005
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Bakgrunn
 Behov for drivstoff – tilgjengelige kilder
 Alternative konverteringsruter
 Gårdsbiogassanlegg (resultat fra PhD-student Kristian Fjørtoft,
IMT/Høgskolen i Ålesund)
 Livsløpsanalyse bioenergi (PhD-student Geofferey Gilpin,
Vestlandsforskning/IMT)
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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Energibehovet i framtida
Total energy consumption forcast
Predicted value
Source
Total energy required year 2050
1 000 000 PJ/year
Sanders J.: Biorefinery, the bridge between
Agriculture and Chemistry. Workshop:
Energy crops & Bioenergy. (2007)
Total energy demand year 2050
1 300 000 PJ/year
Shell’s World Energy Scenario
No.
Bioenergy potentials - terrestrial
1.
Non collected straw (50%)
75 000 PJ/year
2.
Collected waste processing (50%)
45 000 PJ/year
Forest/pastures (50%)
150 000 PJ/year
4.
10% of arable land – World Wide
(20tTS/ha)
51 000 PJ/y
5.
20% of arable land – World Wide
(20tTS/ha)
101 000 PJ/y
6.
30% of arable land – World Wide
(20tTS/ha)
152 000 PJ/y
3.
Sum: 1+2+3+5
Predicted value
Source
Sanders J.: Biorefinery, the bridge between
Agriculture and Chemistry. Wageningen
University and Research center.
Workshop: Energy crops & Bioenergy.
(2007)
Holm-Nielsen J.B., Madsen M., Popiel P.O.:
Predicted energy crop potentials for
biogas/bioenergy. Worldwide – regions
– EU25. AAUE/SDU. Workshop: Energy
crops & Bioenergy. (2007)
371 000 PJ/year
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1 PJ =1015 J
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology
2. gen. bioenergi
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Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Småskala biogass - energianalyser
1.
I prosessen brukes varmeenergi til oppvarming av nytt substrat (37
grader) + kompensere for varmetap. I tillegg brukes elektrisk energi
til pumper og omrørere.
2.
Det finnes ikke varmevekslere for småskala anlegg.
3.
Varmetapet blir relativt større i små reaktorer (volum:areal
forholdet). Varmetapet øker med hydraulisk oppholdstid og
utetemperatur.
4.
Akseptabel netto energiproduksjon kan likevel oppnås ved bruk av
tilleggs-substrater
•
Matavfall
•
Fiskeavfall
•
Forbehandlet halm
•
(DE av treprodukter
+ resik. av prossesvann)
5
5.
Bør sette krav til anleggene
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Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
Klimaeffekt av biogass fra husdyrgjødsel og annet avfall
 Reduksjon av metanutslipp og lystgass fra lagring av gjødsel
– Forutsetter tett dekke på sluttlager
 Erstatning mineralgjødsel
 Størst klimaeffekt dersom biogass erstatter fossilt drivstoff
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Renewable Energy Directive Annex V – Rules for calculating the
greenhouse gas impacts of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel
comparators
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
E
=
eec =
el
=
ep
=
etd =
eu
=
esca =
eccs =
eccr =
eee =
total emissions from the use of the fuel;
emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials;
annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change;
emissions from processing;
emissions from transport and distribution;
emissions from the fuel in use;
emission saving from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural
management;
emission saving from carbon capture and geological storage;
emission saving from carbon capture and replacement;
emission saving from excess electricity from cogeneration.
 Emissions from processing shall include emissions from the processing itself… and
from the production of chemicals and products used for processing
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Behov for data – LCA og biodrivstoff
Database
• Emisjon biodiesel
• Enzymatisk
hydrolyse
Modell
• Systemgrenser
• Allokering
• ….
LCA dataprogram
Resultat
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