Transcript Présentation PowerPoint

Prepared by
Alain Chevalier
Head of Policy & Development
Powerplant CoC
Marc Maurel
Head of Powerplant & Environment R&T
Airbus Research Directorate
H2 & Fuel Cell System Technology at Airbus
26 Sept 08
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
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Agenda
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Airbus Vision : Greener Aircraft
Air Traffic Growth
Oil Price per Barrel
The Cost Increase in Energy Resource
Alternative Fuels : A Necessity
Alternative Fuel Road Map
H2 & LNG Technologies : History
Outcome of EC Cryoplane Project
Fuel Cells Systems at Airbus : Motivation
The Fuel Cell System Functional Principle
Airbus Fuel Cell System Stepwise Strategy
Benefits from Multi-Functional Fuel Cell Application
Low Emission System : Fully Integrated Fuel Cells
Airbus Fuel Cell Emergency Power System
Other Applications : H2 Injection into Engines
Other Applications : FCS Architecture Studies
Conclusion
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 2
Airbus Vision – Greener Aircraft
The four ACARE GOALS 2020 for the Environment:
- To reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by 50%
- To reduce perceived external noise by 50%
- To reduce NOX by 80%
- To make substantial progress in reducing the environmental impact of the manufacture,
maintenance and disposal of aircraft and related products.
EADS CEO Louis Gallois at Airbus ISO14001 Certification in Paris, 14 June 2007:
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'We have to increase our efforts in other research areas… Airbus has accumulated significant
experience in hydrogen technology ... We also need to consider fuel cell technology to power
ground operations at airports. Eliminating CO2 emissions on the ground is a concrete vision I
have and I believe there is huge potential. We can’t afford to miss a single opportunity.’
BDLI Technologieforum mit Airbus CEO Dr. Thomas Enders am 11. Oktober 2007 in Berlin:
„.. Wir wollen unsere Flugzeuge noch sauberer, noch sparsamer, noch leiser machen und damit
natürlich auch unsere Chancen am Markt erhöhen...Wir werden die Öko-Effizienz unserer
Produkte zu einem bestimmenden Maßstab machen, an dem wir unsere Forschung messen.“
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 3
Air Traffic Growth
Terrorist attacks
against US
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1st Gulf War
What will be the future with oil crisis ?
RPK : Revenue Passenger Kilometres
Alternative Fuels For Aircraft - Presentation to JMT - EEDR - Ref. X71PR0809987 - Issue 1
June 2008
Page 4
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Oil Price per Barrel
Source : NYMEX (New York Mercantile Exchange
Kerosine cost approx. 1.5 * Crude Oil cost
Alternative Fuels For Aircraft - Presentation to JMT - EEDR - Ref. X71PR0809987 - Issue 1
June 2008
Page 5
The Cost Increase In Energy Resource
• Unavoidable due to
Crude
Oil price increase
Expected CO2 Tax from the European Trading Scheme
Expected cost for CO2 Capture & Sequestration during the
synthetic kerosine production process
• Assuming that:
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3,5
Tons CO2 / 1 Ton kerosine
1 Ton kerosine = 1,5 x 1 T crude oil
Yesterday
Crude Oil Price
Barrel ($)
100
Kerosine ($/ton)
1100
If CO2 Tax is 50$/ton
0
If CO2 Tax is 500$/ton
0
Alternative Fuels For Aircraft - Presentation to JMT - EEDR - Ref. X71PR0809987 - Issue 1
Today
Tomorrow
150
1650
175
1750
200
2200
175
1750
June 2008
Page 6
Alternative Fuels : A Necessity
US $ ~150
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(7/08)
Alternative Fuels For Aircraft - Presentation to JMT - EEDR - Ref. X71PR0809987 - Issue 1
June 2008
Page 7
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Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 8
LH2 et LNG Technologies : History
• USA : modified B59 (1956)
• Russia : NK-88 Engine
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onto Tu-155, in 1988-1989
• European
Project
CryoPlane
(2000-2002) led
by Airbus
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 9
Outcome of EC « CryoPlane » Project (1/2)
• Technologies to be developed
LH2 Tanks
Metrology/probes,
pipes, valves and seals and associated life time
in aeronautics
Systems
• Open questions
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Pumps
cavitation phenomena at idle
Engines transient behaviour
Icing
Power Systems Architecture (Fuel Cells ?)
• Consequences at A/C level (eg for 4000 NM)
Empty
Weight +25%
Drag +10%
MTOW 0 (LH2) to +10% (LNG)
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 10
Outcome of EC « CryoPlane » Project (2/2)
• Increase of Operational costs and for 4000 NM
LH2 at
5$/kg
LH2 at
2$/kg
LNG at
1,6$/kg
LNG at
1$/kg
1$/gal.
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
 +25 %
> +100 %
Reference
2$/gal.
Peak
situation
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
 +15 %
 +5 %
Page 11
Fuel Cells System at Airbus : Motivation
Fuel cell technology offers a chance
to approach these goals:
enhanced energy efficiency
 emission free ground operation
 emission reduction during whole flight cycle
 additional synergy benefits through fuel cell byproducts (inert gas, water)
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
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 12
The Fuel Cell System Functional Principle
A
I
R
+
H2 FROM
REFORMER
OR
HEAT
H2
H2 CRYOGENIC
ADDITIONAL TANK
FUEL CELL SYSTEM
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Fuel Cell Operation:
Continuous change of chemical
energy (hydrogen and oxygen)
directly into electrical energy and heat
without combustion
Oxygen G
Depleted A
Air S
ELECTRICITY
W
A
T
E
R
Hydrogen + Oxygen >> Electrical power + Water + Heat
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 13
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 14
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 15
Low Emission System : Fully Integrated Fuel Cells
Hydrogen supplied fuel cell
No pollutants :
Fuel and CO2:
Reduced fuel burn
(HC, NOx, CO, SO2)
= lower CO2 emissions
Less noise
Batteries
Emergency Power
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Auxiliary Power
Ground Support
Equipment
Water Refilling Truck
Fuel Tank
inerting system
Fuel cell technology will initiate a step
change in aircraft systems architecture
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 16
Airbus Fuel Cell Emergency Power System
First time ever:
Hydrogen supplied fuel cell system operation
on-board of commercial aircraft
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Hydrogen supplied fuel cell system
integrated into electric and hydraulic network
Hamburg, 27 July 2007:
Successful first flight test performed
Toulouse, 15 February 2008:
Flight controls powered by fuel cell in flight
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 17
Other Applications : H2 Injection into Engines (1/3)
• Current DPAC Project (2008 –2009) in partnership with SAFRAN
(SNECMA Moteur)
• Main principle:
Hydrogen
accelerates the combustion kinetics of kerosene in air
• Concept:
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Injection
of a small amount of gaseous Hydrogen only during idle
modes (roughly 6 g/s H2 for an A30X SNECMA engine)
Reduction of combustor volume for given emission rates at idle and
relight envelope
Lower production rate of NOx at full power
• Beneficial Impact on emissions expected
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 18
Other Applications : H2 Injection into Engines (2/3)
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Supporting SNECMA Laboratory tests
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 19
Other Applications : H2 Injection into Engines (3/3)
• SN first laboratory test results confirm NOx emissions benefit
prediction
• Preliminary assessment of benefit at Aircraft level performed by
Airbus but needs to be consolidated when NOx benefits at A/C
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level will be provided by SNECMA but Fuel Burn impact not
negligible
• Additional risk assessment needed to clear H2 piping
installation (burst zones, condensation…)
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 20
Other Applications : FCS Architectures Studies
ARCHIPAC
: (Any) Fuel Reforming Technology Development for
Fuel Cells
– Frame : Partnership with NGH-Y & “Ecole des Mines d’Albi” (20062007)
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N- GHY
Processeurs
et Piles A
Combustibles
GAPPAC
: FCS coupled with a small turbo machinery for Armoured
Vehicle APU application (25 KW). Architectures studies and
demonstrator
– Frame : French ANR Project “PAN-H 2006”
(2006-2009)
Partnership : NGH-Y, Renault, GIAT (leader),…
Alternative Fuels For Aircraft - Presentation to JMT - EEDR - Ref. X71PR0809987 - Issue 1
June 2008
Page 21
Conclusion (2/2)
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To enable emission free operation of a fuel cell H2 is required on board of the A/C:
- Gaseous H2 for small fuel cell systems
- Liquid H2 for larger applications for fuel cells
Therefore Airbus is interested in the following:
- Hydrogen Storage technology for A/C application (gaseous & liquid)
- Hydrogen infrastructure development
- Hydrogen price development expectations
- Environmentally friendly production technologies for H2
- Reforming technologies
- Safety aspects
Airbus needs Partnership !
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 22
Conclusion (2/2)
Airbus is fully committed to the fuel cell
technology and its multiple application to
achieve the ACARE 2020 goals
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First successful demonstration of the
technology achieved!
The integration of fuel cell technology in A/C
will bring more improvements ....
.... Airbus welcomes your questions!
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. Tous droits réservés. Document
confidentiel.
Ce document et son contenu sont la propriété d’AIRBUS
FRANCE S.A.S. Aucun droit de propriété intellectuelle n’est
accordé par la communication du présent document ou son
contenu. Ce document ne doit pas être reproduit ou
communiqué à un tiers sans l’autorisation expresse et écrite
d’AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. Ce document et son contenu ne
doivent pas être utilisés à d’autres fins que celles qui sont
autorisées.
Les déclarations faites dans ce document ne constituent pas
une offre commerciale. Elles sont basées sur les postulats
indiqués et sont exprimées de bonne foi. Si les motifs de ces
déclarations n’étaient pas démontrés, AIRBUS FRANCE
S.A.S serait prêt à en expliquer les fondements.
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
AIRBUS, son logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321,
A330, A340, A350, A380 et A400M sont des marques
déposées.
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
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© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Back-up materials
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© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 26
Choices of each component based on
technological survey and preliminary calculations
• Reforming (continuation)
Mature
reforming processes in a short term (continuation)
– The Non-Catalytic Auto-Thermal Reforming at high temperature
(N-GHY patented Process)
•
•
•
•
H2 less concentrated than in the SR case
Therefore, lower utilization rate in the fuel cell than in the SR case
Less adapted to work under pressure (compressor needed for the AIR)
NON Catalytic therefore INSENSIBLE to sulphur
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
AIR
H2 + CO + N2 + H2O + CO2
Carburant
1400°C
N- GHY
Carburant
+
EAU
Processeurs
et Piles A
Combustibles
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
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Networks
•ALPHEA-H2(*)
–Created in 1986 and supported since 1996 by a “Pôle de
Compétences” in Lorraine/ Forbach
•Realise H2 technological & economical survey
•Develop Industries & government/lands interest for H2
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•Make studies & expertises around H2 area
19 Members,
2 Associates
& 25 Partners
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
Page 28
Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative
The European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform
Airbus involvement through EADS-IW
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Fuel Cell and Hydrogen
Industry Workshops
October 13, Brussels, Autoworld Museum.
14-15 October Launch of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Technology
Initiative (JTI)
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
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Overview By-Products
WING ANTI ICING
With Moist Air Exhaust
Dry Air Exhaust
Moist Air Exhaust
KEROSENE TANK INERTING
• 30°C
• 180 -200°C
With Dry Air Exhaust
•N2 87%
•N2 72%
• O2 10%
• O2 10%
Fuel Cell System
• H20 2%
• H20 17%
• 180-200°C
CARGO BAY INERTING
FIRE EXTINGUISHING
With Dry Air Exhaust
• Cooling & Compression
• 330 kW el
of Moist Air Exhaust
• 410 kW th
• Use e.g. Cargo Bay
© AIRBUS FRANCE S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
X
Water System
Condenser
• 30°C
Hydrogen Supply
• 165 l/h
Cabin Air Supply
• 160 -180°C
High Purity
• 160 -180°C
• 22 kg/h
• 1551 kg/h
• 0,3 m3/h
( 2-3x the demand @ 66%)
KEROSENE TANK INERTING
• 1980 m3/h
With Dry Air Exhaust
• N2 79%
• O2 20%
WING ANTI ICING
(Available: 6840 kg/h)
With Moist Air Exhaust
Research - H2 & Fuel Cells System Technology at Airbus - ETB - Ref. X71PR0813077 - Issue 1
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