Transcript Boston massacre

Most English colonists were
glad to be part of the
British Empire. Life was
good and the American
colonies had the highest
standard of living in the
world!
I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN
Salutary neglect
• Period of time between 1713-1763 where the
colonies saw little/no intervention by England
in colonial affairs
– Sir Robert Walpole--believed colonies should be
left alone; best for England
– Colonies developed self-reliance and effective
organization
– 13 separate colonial governments emerged
– Americans became used to managing their own
affairs w/o government interference
I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN
• American Revolutionary War is also known as
the War for Independence, 1775-1783
– We were 3000 miles away from England
WHAT IS mercantilism
• Belief that WEALTH was power
• An economic system in which a “mother
country” attempts to establish colonies for the
benefit of the mother country
– Mother country tries to sell more than it bought
and keep all the money in the family
– All European countries at this time used
mercantilism
I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES
Goals/purposes of
mercantilism
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ensure British naval power
Colonies provide raw materials
Colonies a market for British goods
Keep all the money in the British Empire
I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES
In order to ensure
England’s wealth, all
colonial purchases
had to be purchased
with “hard money”
I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES
Enumerated articles
• Certain products (like tobacco) that were
forbidden to be sold anywhere but to England
I CAN DEFINE WHAT ENUMERATED ARTICLES ARE
Navigation laws
• Navigation Law of 1650--laws passed to
enforce the mercantilist system
– First enacted in 1650
– Goal was to stop Dutch shippers involved in
American trade
– Not enforced well early on
I CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS
To avoid much of the parts of
the Mercantilist system,
colonists resort to smuggling
JOHN HANCOCK--#1 smuggler,
“King of All Smugglers”, wealthy
businessman
I CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS
1763 marked a new
era of relations
between England
and the colonies
George grenville
• Prime Minister who first began the effort to get
colonial America to help pay
King george III
• King of England during the Revolutionary War
British debt was huge! Lots
of debt from the French
and Indian War. British
want the colonies to pay
rd
1/3 of maintaining
protection in the America’s
I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
Sugar act
1764
• Sugar Act of 1764
– First law ever passed for raising tax revenue in
the colonies
– Created resentment, then anger died down
I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
• Quartering Act of 1765
– Required certain colonies to provide food and
quarters for British troops
• Stamp Act of 1765
– To raise money to support military force in
colonies
– Mandated the use of stamped paper or stamps
showing payment of tax
I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
Admiralty courts
• ADMIRALTY COURTS
– Similar to military courts
– No juries allowed
– Guilty until you could prove innocence
Trial by jury and “innocent until
proven guilty” historic BRITISH
RIGHTS
I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND
NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION
• Many colonist felt as thought they didn’t have
representation on tax matters
– Denied the right of Parliament, in which NO
AMERICANS served, to impose taxes on them
• Grenville’s Response?
– VIRTUAL REPRESENTATION
• Every member of Parliament represented ALL BRITISH
persons, even American colonists!!
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
Colonial actions
to the stamp act
• Stamp Act Congress of 1765
– Brought together in NY City 27 delegates from 9
colonies
– Drew up a statement of grievances (complaints)
– Begged King and Parliament to repeal act
– Significance was began COLONIAL UNITY
• NonImportation Agreements
– All will NOT buy or trade with England
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
violence
• Sons of
Liberty/Daughters of
Liberty
– Enforced
nonimportation
agreements
– Used “tar and
feathers”
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
Did it work?
• England was hit hard
– Hundreds of English workers out of work
– Want Parliament to do away with Stamp Act
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
Declaratory act
• Passed with repeal of Stamp Act
• Said Parliament had the right to do WHATEVER it
wanted with the colonies
LINES IN THE SAND WERE DRAWN!
I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS
CHARLES TOWNSHEND
• New PM after Grenville
• Known as “Champagne Charley” (liked his adult
beverages!)
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
TOWNSHEND ACTS
• Light tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea
– Paid at the ports instead of directly by the colonists
– Thought that would go OK for colonists
• Problems?
– Colonists felt powerful after repeal of Stamp Act
– Money to pay royal governors and judges in America
• Colonists had control of money and could control these
• BUT, if this happened, they COULD NOT control them!
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
• Solutions?
– NONIMPORTATION again, but not as successful
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
Nicknames for british
soldiers
1. Redcoats
2. Bloodybacks
3. Lobsterbacks
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
Boston massacre
1770
• 60 townspeople against 10
Redcoats
• British were being provoked
• The Redcoats fired, wounding and
killing 11 townspeople
• Crispus Attucks was the first
person to die in this massacre
• Famous picture painted by Paul
Revere
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE
Lord North
• Took over after
Townshend
• A “yes” man to King
George!
Samuel Adams
• “Engineer of the Revolution” or
“Penman of the Revolution”
– Master at propaganda
– Kept the tensions with Great Britain
high
• Created in Massachusetts
COMMITTEES of CORRESPONDENCE
– These were men who wrote letters
from one town to another in Mass.
– Soon it became intercolonial
– The colonists would exchange letters
and build resentment against the
British.
Boston tea party
1773
• Govt tried to help British East India
Tea Company by giving them a
monopoly on free trade
• Several “tea parties” occurred
resulting in the burning of ships
and tea
• In Boston, the colonists boarded all
three ships and dumped 342
chests of tea into the harbor
• EFFECT? The British passed the
Intolerable Acts
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
Intolerable Acts
1774
• Also known as the Coercive Acts
• Intolerable Acts said…
1. The Port of Boston was to be closed until the
damages paid for
2. Restricted town meetings
3. New stronger Quartering Act
4. If any English soldier killed an American, he
would be tried in England
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
Quebec act
1774
• QUEBEC ACT
– Not really a punishment
on Boston, but happened
at the same time
– Extended the borders of
Quebec all the way down
to the Ohio River Valley
– Colonists fear Catholicism
and French Canadian
threat again!
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
Colonial reaction to quebec
act
• Set a dangerous precedent
– No representative assemblies and denials of jury
trials---NO WAY!!
• Upset land settlers who were wanting to move
into the area
• Aroused anti-Catholics who thought area was
marked for Protestantism
I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT
1st continental congress
•
Met b/c of the INTOLERABLE ACTS
•
Colonies send their representatives to Philadelphia to
form a Congress in response to the Intolerable Acts in
1774
•
Created a document called “The Association”
•
No real desire yet for independence
•
Called for a boycott of British made goods
•
Would meet again in 1775 if conditions with Britain did
not get better
•
Main goal was to try and negotiate with King George
and Parliament
I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
• After the Boston Tea Party the British send
more troops to enforce the Intolerable Acts.
• The British sent troops mainly to get our
gunpowder and to seize Sam Adams and John
Hancock.
• Colonial militias prepare for war.
I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
minutemen
• Citizens who could on a moments notice be
prepared to defend their country
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
Paul revere and
william dawes
• Rode on horseback to notify Minutemen British
had arrived!
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
Battle of lexington and
concord 1775
• Known as the “shot heard around the world”
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD
•British searching for
stolen weapons–
“search and seizure”
•Stopped at Lexington
and encountered 56
Minutemen
•Minutemen stood up
for what they believed
was their land
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
•Minutemen engage
British troops at Concord
Bridge.
•British find some
weapons at Concord.
•British return to Boston,
5,000 Minutemen attack
British troops.
Americans
•90 dead wounded or captured
British
•250 dead, wounded, or captured
I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
Englands strengths
1.
2.
3.
4.
Population
Money
Navy
Support of Natives
I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
American strengths
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Outstanding leadership
Economic aid from France
Defensive military tactics work
Able to produce enough food
Great marksmen
Moral advantage--just cause
I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
British weaknesses
1.
2.
3.
4.
Distance to the colonies
Size of America
Poor leadership
American only had to tie, British had to win
I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
American weaknesses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Poorly organized for war
Jealousy among colonies
Economic difficulties
Military challenges
Morale low/greedy profiteers
Only select few committed to cause
I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES
Factors
Great Britain
United States
Population
Approximately 12 million
Approximately 3 million and
1/3 loyal to England.
Manufacturing
Highly developed
Practically none
Money
Richest country in the
world
No $$$ to support the war
Army
Large, well trained army
plus Hessians
Volunteers, poorly
equipped
Leaders
Few officers capable of
leading
Dedicated officers plus
foreign leaders
Geography
Strange land---difficult to
re-supply troops
Navy
Naval world power
Familiar land, easy access
to supplies
No navy
Will to Fight
Trained soldiers---but no
heart
Defending homeland---will
to fight
The Americans
Attrition [the Brits
had a long supply
line].
Guerilla tactics
[fight an insurgent
war  you don’t
have to win a battle,
just wear the British
down]
Make an alliance
with one of Britain’s
enemies.
The British
Break the colonies
in half by getting
between the No. &
the So.
Blockade the ports
to prevent the flow
of goods and
supplies from an
ally.
“Divide and
Conquer”  use
the Loyalists.
Marquis de Lafayette
• Youthful French officer who gave America not
only military service, but also $200,000 of his
own money
I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Baron von stueben
• Drillmaster who whipped the Army into shape
I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Three famous African American’s
who helped colonies
1. Peter Salem
2. Salem Poor
3. Prince Whipple
I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
rd
1/3
Around
of the
colonists supported
rd
the Revolution, 1/3
supported the British,
rd
and 1/3 were
apathetic!