Transcript pps

When Do I Use a Comma?
Quick Rules for
Comma Usage
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Rule #1
Before a coordinating conjunction
(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
that separates two independent
clauses (complete thoughts).
EX. I have no homework in math, but I
have hours of reading for English class.
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Rule #2
After an introductory word,
phrase, or clause that comes
before the main sentence.
EX. Despite immigrant’s high hopes,
their illusions were often shattered.
EX. Suddenly, I’m not so excited
about seeing Bob this weekend.
EX. Since the new system was
implemented, payroll has been
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processed 25% faster.
Rule #3
Use commas around words, names,
phrases, and clauses in the middle of a
sentence when they aren’t essential to
the meaning of the sentence.
**This is also known as an “interrupter.”
EX. Numerous studies, however, have
shown that negative reinforcement
affects self-image.
EX. Karl Marx, a prominent
sociologist, believed he could
use his influence to change the
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world.
Rule #4
Use commas between items in a series.
EX. The frigid, snowy, windy day
was typical of Minnesota in January.
EX. Three reasons for the closing
were insufficient enrollment, poor
instructional materials, and
inadequate funds.
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Rule #5
Use commas before and after a
quotation within a sentence.
EX. “Cooperation,” the president
said, “must exist if the country
is to prosper.”
EX. The band leader said, “Once the
basic drill is learned, we’ll work on more
complex maneuvers.”
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Rule #6
Use a comma before an afterthought
or contrasting element.
EX. The War of 1812 was vitally
important for Canada, far more
important than it was for Britain.
EX. We must judge the society as a
whole, not for its individual parts.
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Rule #7
Use commas to set off geographical
names, items in dates and professional
titles.
EX. Abraham Lincoln was born on February
12, 1809, in a log cabin near Hodgenville,
Kentucky.
EX. Stephanie Glenn, Ph.D., will be the
main speaker at the banquet.
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