Transcript Unit 3-1 Chinese Food

Unit 3-1 Chinese Food
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit, you are supposed to
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grasp the author’s purpose of writing and make
clear the structure of the whole passage through
an intensive reading of Text 1, Chinese food.
comprehend the topic sentences in Text 1
thoroughly and be able to paraphrase them.
get a list of new words and structures and use
them freely in conversation and writing.
be aware of the cross-cultural differences of food
between Chinese and Western.
Supplementary vocabulary on cooking
•Blanch : To dip into boiling water to cook for less than a minute and
then transfer into cold water to prevent discoloring or loosen skin, e.g.
tomatoes are blanched so that the skin is loosen and thus easier to
remove.
•Braise : To cook food, usually meat or vegetables over a long period of
time. Food undergoes searing (see sear) before it's braised.
•Chill : Keep cool in the fridge.
•Chop : Cut into non-uniform pieces.
•Deep-fry : Oil is heated up to a high temperature. Food floats on top of
the hot oil while getting cooked.
•Dice : Cut into small even pieces.
•Dry-fry : No oil is used when frying, e.g. chili or curry paste.
•Grill :To cook food usually over hot coals. Popular cooking method for
steaks, chicken wings, hamburgers and salmon.
•Julienne : It's a French word that simply means
to cut food into very thin strips.
•Marinade : Seasonings are rubbed onto meat, fish and vegetables to
create better taste. Marinaded food is often set aside for 15 minutes or a
couple of hours or even left overnight.
•Minced : Chopped till very fine.
•Poach : To cook in liquid heated over a low fire.
•Roast :To cook meat in an oven.
•Sauté : A French word that refers to cooking food quickly over medium
to high fire with little oil. Tossing is needed to prevent over-browning.
•Sear : Where meat is subjected to high fire for browning to take place
in order to seal in the meat juices. It causes meat to be soft and tender.
However meat at this point may not be fully cooked.
•Simmer : Liquid has reached below it's boiling point, i.e. just when the
bubbles begin to break.
•Stock : A strained solution obtained after boiling water with added
ingredients such as pork, chicken or fish bones, shells from shellfish
(e.g. shrimps, clams and abalone) or other seasonings.
•Steam : To cook using steam from boiling water.
•Stew : To cook either by boiling or simmering in a tightly covered pot
over a long period of time.
•Stir-fry : To fry small pieces (such as garlic and onions) over high fire.
•Sweat : To sweat food, particularly vegetables, is to cook with a small
amount of oil or fat over a low fire. The pot is covered and vegetables
will gradually soften without turning brown.
Exercise on cooling vocabulary
1. Pasta is my favorite meal. If I get home late from work, I
( ) just an onion and some mushrooms and ( ) them in a
little olive oil. Then I add some tomato sauce and spices
and let the whole thing ( ) for a little while. Finally, I ( )some
water and throw the pasta in. Once it's cooked, I ( )the
pasta, throw some sauce on the top, and eat dinner.
( boil
chop up
drain
saute
simmer
)
2. The meat was lean and tender, and the vegetables as
fresh and tasty as the come.
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3. Read the recipe and understand the operation
Title: Wild Rice with Mushrooms Categories:
Canadian, Rice/grains Yield: 4 servings
1/2 c Wild rice 1/2 c Mushrooms; sliced 1 1/3 c Water; cold 2 tb Green onion 1 ts Chicken bouillon
Thyme; dried 2 Bacon slice Parsley; snipped
Pour cold rice over rice in strainer and lift rice with
fingers (to remove any impurities). Combine rice and
1 1/3 cups water and bouillon. Bring to a boil, reduce
heat. Cover and simmer 60 minutes.* Meanwhile
cook bacon partially and add mushrooms, green
onion and thyme. Cook till bacon is crisp and
mushrooms soft. Drain off fat. Add to cooked rice.
Season with pepper. Sprinkle with chopped parsley.
Time consuming and expensive. Be prepared to give
wild rice as much cooking time as possible,
occasionally it will require a bit more time as it
absorbs water more slowly than regular rice.
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4. Some Chinese ingredients
 Soy sauce, yellow bean paste, black bean paste,
bean curd cheese, oyster sauce, vinegar, ginger,
garlic, celery salt, pepper, chili sauce,, bamboo
shoots, tree/wood ear, Chinese five-spice powder,
coconut milk, lotus root flour, sesame oil, chestnut,
lotus nut, hair seaweed, pea-starch noodles
 5. Assignment: Tell the differences of these synonyms:
 Condiment, spice, ingredient, dressing, seasoning,
stuffing(meat)
 Sensitive, sensible, sensual, sensuous,
 Flavour, taste, savour, palate
 Incidentally, accidentally
 Utmost, ultimate,
 Gourmand and gourmet
Menu information
1. Read the 5 menus and try to give possibly more information of this
restaurant.
2. Tell the differences between Chinese restaurant menu and western
restaurant menu.
3. Read the article on Chinese cooking, and try to introduce Chinese
food to a foreign friend.
Oral Discussions
Topic1: Your interesting story on different food
cultures.
Topic2: In westerners’ eyes, what makes
Chinese food different from others.
Topic 3: Check the assignment
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Organization and Structure
 Part I: The differences in Chinese and
Western attitudes towards food.
 Part II: Reason of the international success of
Chinese food
 Part III: The essence/ nature of Chinese food
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Rhetoric devices: play with the sound
Alliteration: the initial sounds of a word,
beginning either with a consonant or a
vowel, are repeated in close succession.
spare, sharply and sensational---one step
dressing
Health, humour and happiness--- a gift we’d
like to give.
Wherever it stands, it stands and shines.
Please note down the expressions with
alliteration in our text I.
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Assonance: Assonance occurs when the vowel
sound within a word matches the same sound in a
nearby word, but the surrounding consonant sounds
are different.
Sharper and garter
tune and june
Rhyme: Same in the last syllable
1.In the light of time’s perspective their deceptive
prominence fades.
2. After the Boom, Everything is gloom.
3. Big thrills, small bills.
4. The way that leads to morality and harmony.
Consonance: words with the same consonant sound
April, prime, bright 2. Aspiring speaker
Question for today
• What do our attitudes to food
tell us about ourselves and
our society?
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Food & society
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Food as part of traditions & special events
Symbolic significance of food
Religious rules about food
Eating habits and political / moral convictions
Legal rules reflect history & political values
Food consumption & economics
Fashion trends in food
Food & social status
Food & relationships
Food as high culture and art
Globalization & food culture
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Economic development and dining out
Obesity
Global sourcing and global food chains
Fusion cuisine
International taste & cuisine vocabulary
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Pancetta
Raclette
Miso
Rooibos
Kebab
Pavalova
Salsa
Food and (self) identity
• The body as self
– The body as manifestation of the self.
• Food and self-control
– Control of self / body through food.
– Eating habits reflect self-control & sense of self.
– The tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.
Eating disorders
• Anorexia
– An eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain
a minimally accepted body weight, intense fear of
weight gain, and distorted body image.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000362.htm
– Third-year university student 160cm, 34kg
• Bulimia
– An illness defined by food binges, or
recurrent episodes of significant
overeating, that are accompanied
by a sense of loss of control. The
affected person then uses various
methods -- such as vomiting or
laxative abuse -- to prevent weight gain.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000341.htm
Gluttony and self-control
• From Latin gluttire, to swallow, to
gulp down
What are they?
• Christianity
– One of the Seven Deadly Sins
(opposite of temperance).
– “Put a knife to your throat if you are
given to gluttony.”
– Aquinas: “Gluttony denotes, not any
desire of eating and drinking, but an
inordinate desire... leaving the order of
reason, wherein the good of moral
virtue consists.” (Summa Theologica, 2, 148, ad 1)
(Proverbs 23:2)
Two themes
• Control of body as self-control.
• Bodily desires constitute obstacles in the
search for truth / virtues / enlightenment.
Confucius 論語 Analects
• 君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏於事而慎於言，
就有道而正焉，可謂好學也已。
The gentleman seeks neither a full belly nor a
comfortable home. He is quick in action but
cautious in speech. He goes to men
possessed of the Way to have himself put
right. Such a man can be described as eager
to learn.
• 不多食。 “He did not eat much.”
• 飽食終日，無所用心，難矣哉！不有博奕者乎？
為之，猶賢乎已！
I cannot abide these people who fill their
bellies all day long, without ever using their
minds! Why can’t they play chess? At least it
would be better than nothing.
Daoism
• 老子 道德經 (12)
– 五色令人目盲；五音令人耳聾；五味令人口爽；馳騁田
獵，令人心發狂；難得之貨，令人行妨。是以聖人為腹
不為目。故去彼取此。
• Dao De Jing
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The five colors stupefy the people's eyes.
The five tones desensitize the people's ears.
The five flavors numb the people's mouths.
Horse races and hunting derange the people's heart-minds.
Hard to get goods pervert the people's behavior.
Using this: Sages deem:act for the gut not the eye.
So they choose this and reject that.
Plato - Phaedo
• while the soul is infected with the evils
of the body, our desire will not be
satisfied [.] and our desire is of the
truth. For the body is a source of
endless trouble to us by reason of
the mere requirement of food; and is
liable also to diseases which overtake
and impede us in the search after true
being: it fills us full of loves, and lusts,
and fears, and fancies of all kinds, and
endless foolery, and in fact, as men
say, takes away from us the power of
thinking at all.
Plato - Phaedo
• There is another question, which will
probably throw light on our present
inquiry if you and I can agree about
it:--Ought the philosopher to care
about the pleasures--if they are to
be called pleasures--of eating and
drinking?
• Certainly not, answered Simmias.
Two themes
• Control of body as self-control.
• Bodily desires constitute obstacles in the
search for truth / meaning / enlightenment.
– Where do values come from?
– Demise of religion
– Rejection of universal values
– Consumerism and the embracement
of programmed hedonism
Paragraph 1-4
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1. In the life of an individual, how, according
to Kenneth Lo, is food different from music, a
lecture or conversation, or matters of
business?
 2. How does Lo make his point clear?
 3. Why, according to the writer, do the
Westerners find it difficult to answer Lo’s
questions?
 4. What is Chinese attitude toward food?
 5 What does “to eat with a capital E” mean?
profoundly, smother, indifferent,
attend to, ecstasy, derive from
His company helps employees ____ their
elderly relatives.
2. He is ____ to praise or blame, about success
or failure.
3. He could hardly calm down after that ____
disturbing experience.
4. They went into ____ over the view.
5. The story ____ a very common folktale.
6. The Pasta ____ with a creamy sauce.
1.
Paragraph 5-6
Why does the writer mention “from
Hong Kong to Honolulu to Hoboken to
Huddersfield”?
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What has helped the spread of
Chinese food to the rest of the world?
assert, bedeck, crucial, marked, part and parcel,
inherent, ubiquitous, infamous, phenomenal
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1. John showed ____ improvements in all the tests.
2. It is nonsense to ____ that smoking does not affect people’s
health.
3. His ____ influence was felt by the whole family.
4. He led us into a room ____ with tinsel.
5. The medical council disqualified him for ____ misconduct.
6. The behavior of the oceans is a ____ aspect of global
warming.
7. Unemployment is ____ of the bigger problem --- a sagging
economy.
8. The drug has certain ____ side effects.
9. He enjoyed ____ success as a race car driver.
Paragraph 7-9
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How does the writer explain that the
traditional high-quality Chinese meal is
a serious matter?
 2. Why is Chinese meal compared to a
religious ceremony?
 3. What else must be pleased besides
the palate? Why?
alter, elusive, piquant, contrive, conform to,
palate, fastidiously, chore,
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1. He ____ copied every word of his notes onto clean
paper.
 2. It is a real ____ to stand in line to buy food every
day.
 3. In 1862, a technique was ____ to take a series of
photographs showing stages of movement.
 4. The coat was too long, so I took it back to the store
to have it ____.
 5. Though educated, we still ____ some old customs.
 6. We’ll have a dinner to delight the ____.
 7. He tried to call the ____ thought he had had
months before.
 8. We ordered a crisp mixed salad with an unusually
____ dressing.
Usage of comma:
1. Use a comma to separate the elements in a series (three or
more things), including the last two. "He hit the ball, dropped
the bat, and ran to first base." You may have learned that the
comma before the "and" is unnecessary, which is fine if you're
in control of things.
2. Use a comma + a little conjunction (and, but, for, nor, yet, or,
so) to connect two independent clauses, as in "He hit the
ball well, but he ran toward third base."Contending that the
coordinating conjunction is adequate separation, some writers
will leave out the comma in a sentence with short, balanced
independent clauses (such as we see in the example just
given). If there is ever any doubt, however, use the comma, as
it is always correct in this situation.
3. Use a comma to set off introductory elements, as in
"Running toward third base, he suddenly realized how stupid
he looked.“ (same as No.2)
4.Use a comma to set off parenthetical elements,
"parenthetical element," we mean a part of a sentence that can
be removed without changing the essential meaning of that
sentence. It is sometimes called "added information." This is
the most difficult rule in punctuation
5.Use a comma to separate coordinate adjectives. "That tall,
distinguished, good looking fellow" (as opposed to "the little
old lady"). If you can put an and or a but between the
adjectives, a comma will probably belong there. "He is a tall
and distinguished fellow" But you would probably not say,
"She is a little and old lady," or "I live in a little and purple
house," so commas would not appear between little and old or
between little and purple.
6.Use a comma to set off quoted elements. Because we don't
use quoted material all the time, use a comma to separate
quoted material from the rest of the sentence that explains or
introduces the quotation:
·
Refer to last Para of textI
7.Use commas to set off phrases that express contrast.
·
Some say the world will end in ice, not fire.
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It was her money, not her charm or personality, that first
attracted him.
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The puppies were cute, but very messy.
(Some writers will leave out the comma that sets off a
contrasting phrase beginning with but.)
7. Use a comma to avoid confusion. This is often a matter of
consistently applying rule #3.
·
For most the year is already finished.
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For most, the year is already finished.
·
Outside the lawn was cluttered with hundreds of broken
branches.
·
Outside, the lawn was cluttered with hundreds of broken
branches.
8.Typographical Reasons: Between a city and a state
[Hartford, Connecticut], a date and the year [June 15, 1997], a
name and a title when the title comes after the name [Bob
Downey, Professor of English], in long numbers [5,456,783 and
$14,682], etc.
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Use comma with caution
Concentrating on the proper use of commas is not
mere form for form's sake. Indeed, it causes writers
to review their understanding of structure and to
consider carefully how their sentences are crafted.
Don’tFamous Rule of Punctuation: Never use
only one comma between a subject and its verb.
"Believing completely and positively in oneself is
essential for success." [Although readers might
pause after the word "oneself," there is no reason
to put a comma there.]
After the conjunctions and, but, and or, unless the
comma sets off a phrase which can't stand alone
as a sentence. It's wrong to write "But, she did get it
done on time." Use the comma only if there's such
a phrase, as in, "But, to be fair, she did get it done
on time."
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4. Some style guides call for omitting the comma after
very short prepositional phrases at the beginning of a
sentence except for style’s emphasis’s sake, e.g.: not "On
Saturday, the office is closed," but "On Saturday the office
is closed." But do use a comma after long prepositional
phrases or dependent clauses
5. To resolve ambiguity
They went to Oregon with Betty, a maid, and a cook" is
ambiguous
They went to Oregon with Betty, who is a maid and cook.
(1 person.)
They went to Oregon with Betty (a maid) and a cook. (2
people.)
They went to Oregon with Betty—a maid—and a cook. (2
people.)
They went to Oregon with Betty and a maid and a cook. (3
people.)
They went to Oregon with a full staff: Betty; a maid; and a
cook. (3 people.)