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AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
What is the AKDN?
The Aga Khan Development Network
(AKDN) is a group of international, private,
non-denominational development agencies and
institutions that seek to empower communities
and individuals, usually in disadvantaged
circumstances, to improve living conditions
and opportunities.
“There are those who enter the world
in such poverty that they are
deprived of both the means and the
motivation to improve their lot.
Unless they can be touched with the spark
which ignites the spirit of individual enterprise
and determination, they will only sink into
apathy, degradation and despair. It is for us,
who are more fortunate, to provide that spark.”
His Highness the Aga Khan
About the AKDN’s Founder
• His Highness the Aga Khan is the 49th
hereditary Imam of the Shia Imami Ismaili
Muslims and a direct descendant of the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him);
• He has emphasised the view of Islam as a
thinking, spiritual faith, one that teaches
compassion and tolerance and that upholds the
dignity of man, Allah's noblest creation;
• In recent generations, the Aga Khan’s family has
followed a tradition of international service;
• Over the years the Aga Khan has received
numerous decorations, honorary degrees, and
awards in recognition of the various dimensions
of his work
Stone Town
Zanzibar, Tanzania
Core Theme: Education
Pre-Primary
Primary and
Secondary
Higher
Education
• Early childhood
• Develops and operates
• Institute for
•
care and education
Educational
• Primary and secondary schools
•
programmes
Development
in rural and urban areas
•
• Masters
• Manages pre• Centre of Excellence schools
programme
schools
• School Improvement Programmes
• In-service
• Human
(public, private, community)
teacher training
Development
• Professional Development Centres
Programme
• Humanities
• International Academic Partnership
Programme
Madrasa programme
Kampala, Uganda
Sultan Mohammed Shah School
Karachi, Pakistan
Cross
Cutting
Policy reform
Action research
Curriculum
development
AKU-Institute for Educational Development
Health
Primary Care
Service delivery
• Community health care • Develops and operates
programmes
• Basic health care
• Builds village-level
centres in rural areas
capacity (CHNs
• Secondary health care
TBAs, LHVs)
facilities
• Immunisation
• Diagnostic centres
• Health promotion
• Maternity homes
• Mobilisation
• Referral hospitals
• Health education
Lady Health Visitor
Kwale,Kenya
Aga Khan Hospital
Higher
Education
• Medical education
• Nursing education
Cross
Cutting
• Health sector
reform
• Technical
assistance to
• In-service
government
systems
• Public health training
• Infectious
diseases
programmes
• Pre-service
AKU-Faculty of Health Sciences
Rural Development
Rural savings and credit
Northern Areas, Pakistan
Check-dam construction
Gujarat, India
Bridge and irrigation channel construction
Tajikistan
Farming practices
Kwale, Kenya
Agricultural inputs
North Coast, Mozambique
Social mobilisation
Chitral, Pakistan
Housing
Construction of Professional Development
Centre, Gilgit, Pakistan
Water supply
Gujarat, India
Sanitation
Zanzibar, Tanzania
NGO Enhancement
Macro
Enabling Environment Initiative
Building a knowledge base
on civil society
Indigenous Philanthropy
Micro
Development management
education and leadership
development
Strengthening civil society
organisations
Developing professional
associations and networks
Economic Development
Zanzibar Serena Inn
Zanzibar, Tanzania
Fastoplast SA
Burkina Faso
Financial Services
Development Credit Bank, India
Frigoken
Kenya
Azito Energie
Côte d’Ivore
Enterprise Support Facility
Khorog, Tajikistan
Architecture
Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture
at Harvard University and
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Geoffrey Bawa, Sri Lanka
Recipient of the Chairman’s Award, 2001
Aga Khan Award for Architecture, 8th Cycle
ArchNet.org
Publication
Aga Khan Trust for Culture
Historic Cities Support Programme
Karimabad and Balit Project,
Hunza, Pakistan
Aga Khan Award for Architecture Ceremony
Egypt
Culture
Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia
Silk Road Project with Yo-Yo Ma
Smithsonian Folklife Festival 2002
Aga Khan Museum (under development)
Toronto, Canada
Institute for Studies in Muslim Civilisations
London, UK
Pluralism
“My conviction is that the
strengthening of institutions
supporting pluralism is as critical for
the welfare and progress of human
society as are poverty alleviation and conflict
prevention. In fact all three are intimately
related. ... The inability of human society to
recognise pluralism as a fundamental value
constitutes a real handicap for its development
and a serious danger for our future.”
His Highness the Aga Khan
AKDN’s Geographic Presence: 31 Countries in 6 Regions
Central Asia
• Afghanistan
• Kazakhstan
• Kyrgyz Republic
• Tajikistan
Europe and North America
• Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Canada
• France
• Portugal
• Russian Federation
• Spain
• Switzerland
• United Kingdom
• United States of America
Middle East
• Egypt
• Iran
• Syria
West Africa
• Burkina Faso
• Congo
• Côte d’Ivoire
• Mali
• Niger
• Senegal
Eastern Africa
• Kenya
• Madagascar
• Mauritius
• Mozambique
• Tanzania
• Uganda
South Asia
• Bangladesh
• India
• Pakistan
AKDN’s Organisational Structure: Foundations
THE IMAMAT
AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
Social Development
Economic Development
Aga Khan Fund
for Economic
Development
Aga Khan
Foundation
Aga Khan
University
Culture
University of
Central Asia
Aga Khan Trust
for Culture
Aga Khan
Education Services
Aga Khan
Health Services
Tourism
Promotion
Services
Financial
Services
Industrial
Promotion
Services
Aga Khan
Planning and
Building Services
Aga Khan
Award for
Architecture
Education
and Culture
Programme
Historic Cities
Support
Programme
AGA KHAN FOUNDATION
• Seeks to develop and promote creative
solutions to problems that impede social
development, primarily in Asia and Eastern
Africa;
• Focuses on rural development, education,
health and enhancement of non-governmental
organisations; and
• Has interest in cross-cutting issues of gender
and human resource development.
• Founded in 1967. Has branches and
independent affiliates in 14 countries.
Village Organisation
Sost, Northern Areas, Pakistan
AGA KHAN TRUST FOR CULTURE
• Focuses on culture as a means to enhance the
physical, social and economic revitalisation
of communities in the Islamic world; and
• Aims to recognise excellence in architecture,
conservation and creative re-use of historic
buildings and public spaces and strengthen
education of architectural practice.
• In addition to the Aga Khan Award for
Architecture and the Museum Unit, conducts
the Historic Cities Support Programme and
Education and Culture Programme.
Al-Azhar Park Project and Conservation and
Rehabilitation of Darb al-Ahzar,Cairo, Egypt
Universities
THE IMAMAT
AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
Social Development
Economic Development
Aga Khan Fund
for Economic
Development
Aga Khan
Foundation
Culture
Aga Khan University of
University Central Asia
Aga Khan Trust
for Culture
Aga Khan
Education Services
Aga Khan
Health Services
Tourism
Promotion
Services
Financial
Services
Industrial
Promotion
Services
Aga Khan
Planning and
Building Services
Aga Khan
Award for
Architecture
Education
and Culture
Programme
Historic Cities
Support
Programme
AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY
• Aims to promote human welfare by
disseminating knowledge and by providing
instruction, training, research and services;
• Comprises the Faculty of Health Sciences
(Medical College, School of Nursing, University
Hospital), Institute for Educational
Development, Institute for the Study of Muslim
Civilisations. Under development are the
Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Institute for
Human Development;
• Maintains relationships with leading
international universities; and
• Has campuses in Pakistan, East Africa and UK.
Established in 1983. Has over 3,500 alumni.
Faculty of Health Sciences campus
Karachi, Pakistan
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL ASIA
• World’s first university dedicated to education
and research in mountain regions and societies;
• Founded by treaty between Tajikistan, Kyrgyz
Republic, Kazakhstan and Ismaili Imamat
• Located on three campuses Khorog, Tajikistan;
Tekeli, Kazakhstan; and Naryn, Kyrgyz
Republic;
• Will offer programmes in Mountain
Development, Liberal Arts and Continuing
Education and Training; and
• Will use state-of the-art distance learning
technology and English as medium of
instruction.
Campus location
Khorog, Tajikistan
Private, not-for-profit social service delivery agencies
THE IMAMAT
AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
Social Development
Economic Development
Aga Khan Fund
for Economic
Development
Aga Khan
Foundation
Aga Khan
University
Culture
University of
Central Asia
Aga Khan Trust
for Culture
Aga Khan
Education
Services
Aga Khan
Health Services
Tourism
Promotion
Services
Financial
Services
Industrial
Promotion
Services
Aga Khan
Planning and
Building Services
Aga Khan
Award for
Architecture
Education
and Culture
Programme
Historic Cities
Support
Programme
Aga Khan Education Services
• Operates over 300 schools across Eastern
Africa, South and Central Asia, from preschool to higher secondary levels.
• Enrols 55,000 students and employs 3,500
staff;
• Aims to diminish the many obstacles to
educational access, quality and
achievement; and
• Emphasis on excellence in educational
practice and management, child-centred
learning, female education, ethics and
school-based teacher training.
Aga Khan School
Karachi, Pakistan
Aga Khan Health Services
• Operates 320 medical facilities in Eastern
Africa, South and Central Asia, comprising
primary health care centres in rural areas,
dispensaries, diagnostic centres, maternity
homes and referral hospitals;
• Provides technical support in the management of
government health systems; and
• Cares for 1 million people annually and employs
3,900 staff.
• Major initiatives include assisting communities
in manage their health, providing care in
modern, efficient and cost-effective facilities
and educating health professionals.
Aga Khan Hospital
Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Aga Khan Planning and Building Services
• Improves the built environment through design
and construction, village planning, natural
hazard mitigation, environmental sanitation
and improved water supply systems;
• Provides material and technical assistance and
construction management services for rural
and urban areas; and
• Develops appropriate, low-cost ‘technologies’
for the built environment.
Water and Sanitation activities
Sangodra, India
For-profit venture capital development agency
THE IMAMAT
AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK
Social Development
Economic Development
Aga Khan Fund
for Economic
Development
Aga Khan
Foundation
Aga Khan
University
Culture
University of
Central Asia
Aga Khan Trust
for Culture
Aga Khan
Education Services
Aga Khan
Health Services
Tourism
Promotion
Services
Financial
Services
Industrial
Promotion
Services
Aga Khan
Planning and
Building Services
Aga Khan
Award for
Architecture
Education
and Culture
Programme
Historic Cities
Support
Programme
Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development
• Strengthens the private sector in developing
countries by promoting entrepreneurial activity
and supporting private sector initiatives;
• Catalyses investment in developing or
transitional economies;
• Constructs or rehabilitates infrastructure and
builds economically viable enterprises;
• Operates over 100 companies in the hotel,
banking, insurance, microfinance, property
development, telecommunications, agroprocessing, power, printing and textile
industries; and
• Employs over 15,000 staff.
Sewing factory
Enterprise Support Facility
Khorog, Tajikistan
Defining characteristics: Grounded in Ethics
Inclusiveness
Education
and Research
Governance
Compassion
and Sharing
Sustainable
environment
Sound mind
Self-reliance
Respect for life
and healthcare
Works in difficult, often marginalised places
Post-conflict
Afghanistan
Resource-poor
Syria
Harsh climate and terrain
Tajikistan
Takes a long-term perspective
• Engages for the long term to ensure
sustainability - in some areas for over 30 years;
1989
• Moves communities from poverty to selfreliance;
• Has its own funding sources, reducing the
impact of ‘peaks and valleys’ in donor funding;
and
1990
• Builds lasting institutions.
1999
Rural development
Gujarat, India
Protocols
• Has agreements and protocols with over 20
countries and international bodies;
• Provides AKDN with
• Fiscal privileges
• Ability to bring in world-class expertise
• Sustained relationships with host governments;
and
• Demonstrates AKDN’s long-term
commitment.
His Highness with President Karzai, 2002
Afghanistan
Area development approach
EXAMPLE: Northern Pakistan
AKFED: Micro-credit
AKES: Sultanabad school
AKPBS: Water supply
AKF: Agriculture
AKU: PDC Gilgit
AKHS: Lady Health Visitor
AKTC: Ganesh restoration
“Development is sustainable only if
the beneficiaries become, in a
gradual manner, the masters of the
process. This means that initiatives
cannot be contemplated exclusively in
economic terms, but rather as an integrated
programme that encompasses social and
cultural dimensions”
His Highness the Aga Khan
Broad range of capabilities
• Privileged relationships with a broad range of
partners
•
•
•
•
•
Governments – policy dialogue
Donor agencies – funding and expertise
Technical experts – world-leading expertise
Field-level NGOs – operational experience
Communities – ownership;
• Scale (all numbers are for 2002)
• Annual expenditure: US $825 million
• Not-for-profit expenditure: US $235 million
• Number of employees: 28,200;
EUPEK School Improvement Programme
Kampala, Uganda
• Developed deep expertise in specific fields
• For example in high-mountain and coastal area development;
• Efficiency and effectiveness
• Innovation
• Systematic, cross-sector and cross-geography learning
• Relentless focus on quality, evaluation and impact
assessment; and
• Can draw on a diverse set of institutions - to tackle a
range of development challenges.
Grounded in a constituency
• Draws from the presence, locally and globally of
the Ismaili community:
• Extensive voluntary support
• Leadership and governance
• Institutional infrastructure
• Local knowledge and access
• Financial support.
Partnership Walk
Houston, USA
Key drivers
• Field-driven
•
Over 99 percent of AKDN’s staff is in the field;
• Community-based
•
Mobilises and engages communities to identify,
prioritise and implement development projects;
• Creates opportunities and not dependence
•
Provides an environment as well as support, for
communities to take control of their development;
and
• Facilitates a slip-stream of investment
•
Pioneers development models that others can use
•
Invests seed ‘development’ capital that is leveraged
by other investments
•
Leads work in ‘hard-to-reach’ areas, allowing others
to join in the development process.
Community group constructing pre-school facility
Zanzibar, Tanzania
Impact: Improved economic indicators…
“While the AKRSP (Aga Khan Rural
Support Programme) is at the top end of a
range of global and local comparators for
operating costs per household, the
estimated economic rate of return of at
least 16 percent – probably closer to 25 to
30 percent if all benefits could be
quantified and attributed – suggests the
investment choices have been sound and
the program has been highly efficient”
1987
2000
World Bank Operations and Evaluation Department, 2002
AKRSP programme area
Passu, Northern Areas, Pakistan
…and social indicators
Health case study: Gujarat Health Systems
Development Programme
Indicator
Immunisation
Post-natal check-up
Antenatal registration
Incidence of anemia
1998
49%
13%
36%
46%
2002
74%
57%
70%
21%
Community health centre
Gujarat, India
Built local capacity and infrastructure
• Strengthens local capacity through training,
staff development, and replacing expatriate
staff with locals;
• Strengthens existing and builds new local
institutions;
• Enhances government capacity; and
• Creates infrastructure, for example:
•
Schools and hospitals
•
Banks
•
Roads, bridges and dams
•
Power plants.
Bridge linking Afghanistan and Tajikistan, 2002
Shugnan, Badakshan
Policy reform
• Education – contributed to setting national
policies and curricula in early childhood
education, in Pakistan and East Africa
• Health – reformed the pharmaceutical
regime in Gorno-Badakshan, Tajikistan
• NGO Enhancement – enacted legislation
for private sector tax incentives, to enhance
social sector giving – Pakistan, Kenya and
Tanzania
• Rural development – policy changes in
forestry and irrigation to enable sustainable
development – India
Health sector
Gorno-Badakshan, Tajikistan
Setting new standards
Nursing profession in Pakistan
AKU-School of Nursing
Setting standards in corporate citizenship, quality
service and progressive employment practices.
Nairobi Serena Hotel
Centre of Excellence school
Mombasa, Kenya
“Poverty is a problem whose import
is ignored at great peril. Perhaps,
the greatest lesson of the tragedy of
conflict that has recently engulfed
this region is the need to attack its true roots.
These lie not in religion or in corruption, but
rather in deprivation, poverty, exclusion and
lack of opportunity – and therefore hope. ... We
firmly believe that the disadvantaged amongst
us must be able to build a sound and secure
future with dignity and pride – and not merely
to survive.”
His Highness the Aga Khan