Transcript What is pasture management

Management

Good Management Practices is ...
Sustainable
Profitable
Environmentally friend
Acceptable to farmer and communities

PDCA
พรหมวิหาร 4 : ฉันทะ(พอใจในสิ่ งที่ทา) วิริยะ (เพียร พยายามทาให้
เต็มที่) จิตตะ (ใส่ ใจในสิ่ งที่ทา) วิมงั สา (คิดทบทวนให้รอบคอบ)
Management
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3M
- Materials
- Money
- Man
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as objectives or vision or strategic
planning
- Plan (data, experience & knowledge)
- Do
- Check
- Act
Pasture management
การจัดการทุ่งหญ้า

What is pasture management ?
- Pasture = land + forage for cattle
production
- Management = doing + systems (or
components) + productivity
- Economic concern = input - output = profit

Objectives
- High animal production
- Sustainability of the resources & system
Solar energy
Atmosphere
CO2
N2
Animal
Plant / Forages
Animal product
Land / soil
Water
Minerals
Animal production
animal production / area = animal
production/ head X no. of animal
 animal production / head eg .
milk/head/lactation, live weight gain
/head/day etc. depends on
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- genetics or breed
- animal husbandary and hygine
- feed of optimum quantity & quality
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no. of animal vs carrying capacity
Agricultural systems for
pasture in SE. Asia
Paddy areas
 Field crop areas
 Fruit plantations
 Permanent trees eg. rubber,
oil plam, coconut
 Idle land or wasteland
 Backyard

Land area suitable for pasture
Typically less productive land will
be allocated to pasture
 Topography
 Water & climatic conditions
 Road or accessibility
 Land use history
 Soil fertility
 Availability of labour
 Market for animal & its products
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Type of pasture and fodder crops
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Grass for permanent grazing pasture : ruzi, para
(mauritius), guinea, cori, signal, humidicola etc.
Grass for cut and carry system : napier,
guatemala, hybrid napier, and sorghum etc.
Natural grasses : Paspulum, Axonopus, Panicum
repens, Chloris, Love grass (Chrysopogon)
Plant residues : rice straw, corn stubble, sugar
cane, pine apple, legume wines etc.
Legumes : leuacaena, verano stylo, centro,
desmodium
Field crops :cassava, corn, sorghum, soybean
Molasses and other industrial by-products
Pasture establishment
 planting
materials
- vegetative propagation : cutting,
tillering
• nursery plot 1 : 10 -20 after grown for 4 - 5
months
- seed propagation
• good seed quality in hand
 land
and soil preparation
- season
Land preparation
whole project area
 considered paddock and type of
enterprise
 road and accessibility
 waterway and drinking water
 shelter
 right season
 good soil preparation prevent soil
erosion
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Seed sowing
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seed quality
-
% germination
% purity
% pure live seed (PLS)
% moisture
seedling vigor
hardseediness
seed rate
 sowing methods
 Rhizobium inoculation
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Sowing and planting
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right season
- moisture
- less weed competition
uniform distribution of seed
 fertilizer requirement (basal
fertilizer)
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Botanical composition
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Grass
- sown grass
- native or natural grass
Weeds (broadleaf or narrow leaf)
 Legumes
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- sown legume
- native or natural legume
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live (green) vs dead materials of plant
parts (leaf, stem, flower head ect. )
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How to determine botanical
composition ?
- weight, frequency, cover,
dominant index
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Why legumes ?
- good quality feed
- improve soil fertility
- 10 - 40 % legumes + 90 - 60 %
grasses
Efficiency of pasture management
 amount of pasture grown / unit input eg.
land, money, water, fertilizer ect.
 amount of pasture eaten / unit of pasture
grown
 amount of animal product / unit of eaten
pasture
 1 X 2 X 3 = animal production from
pasture