Transcript Land registration system and information management

UPA Package 2, Module 5
LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM AND
MANAGEMENT
2.5.3 Land Information System and Management
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Land Information
Any information concerning land is a
valuable information which serves as a
key to financial investments, commerce,
industry and agriculture.
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Land Information
Ways of Presenting the Land Information
• a map
• aerial or terrestrial photography
• written records which contain parcel areas, land
holdings,
• assessment values etc
• the storage through computers--Maps may be scanned
• and information stored in digital form and then can be
• retrieved, with coded commands to the computers.
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Land Information
Classes of Land Information
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The first is geological information like shape, size,
land forms, minerals and soil.
The second group is economic information like
land use, irrigation, crops etc.
The third group is legal rights, registration, and
taxation etc., are involved.
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Land Information
The concept of a
land information
system
Source: Adapted from
Dale and McLaughlin
(1988)
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Land Information System
Components of a Land Information System
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Land Information System
A land information system (LIS) consider as a tool for legal,
administrative and economic decision-making and an aid for
planning and development.
A land information system consists:
Of a database containing spatially referenced land-related
data for a defined area and
Of procedures and techniques for the systematic collection,
updating, processing and distribution of the data.
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Land Information System
The base of a land information system is a
uniform spatial referencing system, which
also simplifies the linking of data within the
system with other land-related data.
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Typical Land Information System
• Land records as a primary component
• maintained by unit of government responsible for
tracking land ownership, control;
• parcel-oriented
• hard copy maps and/or CAD or GIS software for
spatial representations
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Typical Land Information System
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relatively large (cartographic )scale
bridge between legal and technical land descriptions
may incorporate other technologies
parcel indexing systems (relational data base
management systems)
• fiche and document imaging systems
• Surveying
Cadastral is the most common land information system
Now considerable efforts being made in many countries around the
world to create land information systems with data from different
sources based on a cadastre where each parcel has a unique
identifier (see figure).
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Cadastral Systems and LIS
a parcel
based land
information
system based
on a legal
cadastre
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Cadastral Systems and LIS
Cadastral Systems can be grouped under three
general heads.
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Tax Cadaster --It is a system of survey where information
is collected for land taxation. The tax may be assessed
based on area of land, type of land, value of land and
produce of the land.
Real Cadaster Cadastere is executed mainly for the
physical mapping of land holding boundaries and
locating real other properties for land inventory. Real
property includes not only land, but also buildings, trees
etc., which are permanently fixed to it.
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Cadastral Systems and LIS
•
Legal Cadaster-- Survey furnishes information for
the Registration of the land. It is for determination
of legal ownership and Registration of legal
transactions
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Cadastral Systems and LIS
Functions of a legal cadastre:
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define property rights (often in conjunction with formal
and case law)
describe the extent (spatial, sometimes temporal) of
property rights
support land transfer
provide evidence of ownership (e.g., using land as
collateral)
program administration (e.g., enforcement of laws,
targeting of incentives)
public land management
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Land Information Systems
The benefits to be derived from the implementation
of a Land Information System are the following :
• Improved certainty of land location and its ownership
• Greater productivity and better use of land
• Land transaction procedures are improved resulting
into lower costs and the
stimulation of the land market.
• Provides an improved tool for physical, environmental
monitoring and land valuation
• Improved rating on taxation procedures
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Land Information System Players
a. Local government
• tax assessor / real property listor
• zoning administrator
• every other agency that needs to know who owns/uses
the land, for example:
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plat review
building inspection
land use planning
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Land Information System Players
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land use planning
transportation planning and management
emergency response
waste management and disposal
protected area designation, monitoring
parks and open space
infrastructure management
public utilities
etc.
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Land Information System Players
b. Public
Public interacts with local land information system primarily
in land conveyances and land tax assessment; may
also have some involvement in particular applications.
c. Land-related business and NGOs
• development / real estate
• banking
• title abstracting and insurance
• conservation & environmental protection
• community, land use, economic development
• etc.
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Land Information System Players
Figure 3 illustrates the
conceptual framework
for inter disciplinary
approach to antipoverty’s solution based
on full supports of the
Internet model that
leads to presumable
counter-measurements
of four elliptical
mappings. Obviously,
each mapping closely
pertains
to pilot projects and
feasible practices tested
by concerned
organizations and
authorities at the
international & national,
local and individual
level.
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Singapore’s Land Information Hub
"The Singapore Land Data
Hub is a one-stop
resource centre for
comprehensive and accurate
digitised land data."
Land Data Hub was
established in 1989. Pulling
together information from
various government and
private agencies,. Since its
inception, the Land Data
Hub Programme has proven
to be beneficial for
both the public and private
sectors.
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Singapore’s Land Information Hub
Benefits In the
public sector,
• Greatly facilitated the
rapid development of
crucial map• based GIS systems
in the Civil Service.
• Helped the
government agencies
to save cost and
reduce duplication of
effort in the creation
and capture of land
data.
Benefits In the private sector
Facilitated the development of map-based ommercial GIS services and
products.
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Singapore’s Land Information Hub
Land Information Services
SLA offers a variety of services to serve the public and
private sectors.
Before you purchase your dream home, these services from
SLA to help you in your decision making:
recommendation\Land Information Services.htm
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Land Information Management
“Whatever is attempted must be designed as much for the
future as for the present Maintenance is more important than
initial system creation for without it, the system will become an
historical monument and a folly at that. Not only must external
changes be recorded within the system but also the system
must be itself be capable of change as the levels of
sophistication both of the hardware and software and of the
people operating them growth.
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Land Information Management
If third word countries are to make a quantum leap forward, if
the growth of land information systems has the impact on
societies that it is hoped that they will, if in the fact better land
information can lead to better decisions about the use of land
and resource and better management of that most
fundamental resource, then there is a heavy responsibility on
those giving aid and assistance to get it right. The affluent can
afford the occasional failure. The third world cannot.”
PETER F. DALE AND JOHN D. MCLAUGHLIN 1999
Land Administration Oxford University Press
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Land Information Management
Land management must be based on knowledge,
knowledge depends on information, and information
depends on the methods of data collection and the
manner in which their results are communicated. Landrelated information is an important and expensive
resource that must be managed efficiently in order to
maximize its potential benefits.
Land information management entails:
• Determining the requirements of the State and of the
general public for land-related information;
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Land Information Management
• Examining how the information is actually used in the
decision-making process, how information flows from
one producer or user to another, and what constraints
there are upon that flow;
• Developing policies for determining priorities,
allocating the necessary re-sources, assigning
responsibilities for action, and setting standards of
performance and methods for monitoring them;
• Improving existing land information systems or
introducing new ones;
• Assessing and designing new tools and techniques;
• Ensuring that matters of privacy and data security are
respected.
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Land Information Management
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
The desirable characteristics are:
1. There is a corporate vision of how City-wide LIM can
effectively support the planning and delivery of services.
A strategic framework to guide and integrate aid
programmes and investment in City-wide LIM is
formulated and communicated to all stakeholders.
This includes the following:
-- The core data required to support the city’s business
and to measure performance should be identified. The
focus should be on maintaining these core data and the
temptation to waste time on "desirable" rather than
"essential" information should be avoided.
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
- There should be one source for each piece of core data.
This source should be known and communicated to
veryone who might want to use those data. Replication of
core data across systems should be forbidden.
-- Common data definitions / standards should be
adopted and enforced across the city’s departments. This
will avoid similar, but not identical, bits of data being
spread out across disparate systems. Where relevant,
national and international standards should be adopted.
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
The custodians for core data should be clearly identified.
Custodians are stakeholders within the organisation who
rely upon particular pieces of data for their day-to-day
operations. It should be their responsibility to collect and
manage the core data assigned to their custodianship.
This responsibility should be backed up with service level
agreements with users of this core data. A service level
agreement is a contract in which an agency agrees to
supply data to predetermined standards and at a fixed
price.
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
• The responsibility for keeping data up-to-date must be
clear. Where data are provided by contractors (by
outsourcing), the responsibility to maintain core datamay
be placed on them. Alternatively the data may be kept up
to date using internal resources. Whichever route is
chosen, the responsibilities of all parties should be
documented clearly and the processes of updating the
data implemented.
• Where appropriate the best commercially available
solutions should be applied to avoid costly city-specific
solutions being commissioned.
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
• The connections between the variety of systems
used by different parts of the organisation should
adhere to an agreed framework. Providing the
appropriate connectivity enables the LIM and
business processes to operate efficiently.
2. There is a corporate strategic framework that
includes the elements illustrated in the layered
diagram in Figure .
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Conceptual Elements of a Corporate Strategic Framework for LIM
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
3. A Single Responsible Officer fully accountable for the
strategy and implementation of a City-wide LIM approach
is clearly identified and publicised throughout the city.
4. A set of corporate land information data standards is
agreed and endorsed amongst all stakeholders. Dataset
custodians are appointed and data management plans
agreed through service level agreements to ensure that
data are maintained to an agreed quality threshold.
5. Robust business cases underpin all planned investments in
LIM.
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
6. Revenue budgets are in place to support effective data
maintenance, the updating of technology (hardware and
software) and human resource development.
7. A metadatabase allows stakeholders to explore and
share existing sources of land information, minimising
any duplication of effort.
8. All staff involved in LIM are an integral part of the Human
Resource Management strategy and have a well defined
career path.
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Characteristics of an Effective
City-wide LIM
9. A corporate steering group is operational to oversee the
City-wide LIM strategy and this steering group liaises with
aid organisations and data users.
10. Web based, desktop access to land information is
available across the city’s organisations at all levels of
decision-making.
11. Citizens are provided with access, through appropriate
channels, to land information to support service delivery
and participatory democracy.
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