Transcript 主格名词/代词+ 分词

Unit One
Personal
Relationship
Background Information
All of us are involved in personal relationships personal
relationships. Some of these are related to family, some
with fellow students or workers, and others of a variety of
types. Most of these are happy, positive relationships, but
not all of them. To have a positive relationship a person
must invest time and interest in the other persons with
whom he is associated. We all understand that our feelings
and interest in other persons depend somewhat on what
we have in common. Good relationships are usually
valued because people who have good relationships are
happier and more fun to be with.
Preparation
Step One Exercise One on PP1
Different kinds of personal relationships:
parent
husband
teacher
doctor
employer
writer
child
wife
student
patient
employee
reader
host
boyfriend
clerk
driver
buyer
performer
guest
girlfriend
customer
passenger
seller
audience
Preparation
Step Two
Other kinds of personal relationships:
lovers
friends
neighbors
colleagues
schoolmates
classmates
siblings
desk mates
roommates
group members
interviewer & interviewee
lawyer & client
policeman &thief
enemies
rivals
competitors
Preparation
Step Two
As we all know, personal relationship is of vital importance to everyone of us. In
order to build a harmonious relationship with your classmates, you should first of all
get to know one another. Now please introduce yourself to your classmates.
The following sentence patterns are for your reference:
I am from…/I come from…
I graduated from….
I major in （business administration）…
My major is …
Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
I have a lot of hobbies, such as…
I am interested in/keen on/ mad about…
New Words ＆ Expressions
Pre-Reading Questions
Text Structure
Text
Useful Expressions
New Words & Expressions
p1
alcohol n. --- alcoholic adj.
balance --- imbalance
e.g. a good sense of balance
keep/lose one’s balance
in balance = to sum up
We try to strike a proper balance between
justice and mercy.
我们企图在依法制裁和宽大处理二者之间找出
适当的处理办法。
New Words & Expressions
pat sb. on the shoulder
knock sb. in the face
box sb. in the ear
The camel was blind in the right eye.
The donkey is lame in the left leg.
The poor boy was deaf in the right ear.
stiff---stiffen v. be stiff with cold
wide-eyed at…
p2
New Words & Expressions
p3
Translate some sentences with what you have learned:
Let’s take action to help people in need.
He tries to find a balance between work and play.
The tuition added up to 200 yuan, including the cost
of a reference book.
It was a great relief to learn that I passed the college
entrance exam.
College graduates are supposed to be learned.
He managed to cover up his nervousness in the job
interview.
Millions of people laid down their lives for the
foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
Reading Questions
Pre-Reading Questions
1. Will you give your time, favorite books, money or blood to a
friend?
I would be willing to give anything to my best friend.
As to my casual friends, I would give my time and blood
to them when they are really needed. But I would not
give my money or favorite books to them. If they really
need money or like my books I would lend some money
or books to them. Anyway, I would readily give help to
my friends when it is needed because “a friend in need is
a friend indeed”.
Pre-Reading Questions
2. Who released the bombs which landed in the small orphanage?
And who offered medical help to the wounded?
It was not exactly stated that which side released the
bombs. But based on the fact that the intruder to
Vietnam was American troops, we could fairly say they
were American Air Force.
The medical help was a young American Navy doctor
and a Navy nurse.
So it was quite ironic that both the destroying part
and the protecting part came from America.
Pre-Reading Questions
3. Did Heng cry loudly as soon as the needle was inserted into his
arms?
No. After the moment of the insertion, he let out a
long sob. And after a few moments another sob escaped,
but he was always trying to cover up his crying. Finally
his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying.
Heng’s sobbing and silent crying suggested that he was
terrified and frightened by death, but at the same time he
would rather lay down his life for his friend.
Text Structure
context (para.1~2)
when
in Vietnam War
where
in a small village
who
several children, including one young girl
what
Bombs landed in the orphanage and some
children were wounded.
In time order, what happened next? (para.3~18)
1) Medical help arrived and they found the young girl needed blood. (para.3)
2) Only several children had the correct blood type. (para.4)
3) Because of language barrier, they had difficulties in asking the
children for blood. (para.5)
4) Heng was willing to give blood but he was always sobbing and then
crying silently during the operation. (para.6 ~ Para.13)
5) Under the help of Vietnamese nurse, the Americans knew the reason.
Heng thought that he would die, but he still did it because she was his
friend. (para.14 ~ para.18)
meaning of the story (para.19)
There is no love greater
than this, that a person
lay down his/her life for a
friend.
Text
[1] The bombs landed in the small
village. Nobody knows what these
bombs were supposed to hit during
the terrible Vietnam War, but they
landed in a small orphanage run by
a missionary group.
[2] The missionaries and one or two
children were killed, and several
children were wounded, including
one young girl, about 8 years old,
who suffered wounds to her legs.
Text
[3] A couple of hours later, medical help
arrived. The medical help was a young
American Navy doctor and an equally young
Navy nurse. They quickly found one young girl
to be very badly injured, and it was clear that
without immediate action, she would die from
loss of blood and shock.
[4]They saw that she had to have blood, but
their limited supplies did not include plasma,
so a matching blood type was required. A quick
blood typing showed that neither American
had the correct blood type. Several of the
uninjured orphans did.
[5] The doctor spoke a little Vietnamese, and
the nurse spoke a little high-school French.
The children spoke no English but some French.
Using what little common language they could
find, together with a lot of sign language, they
tried to explain to these frightened children
that unless they could give some blood to their
little friend she would certainly die. Then they
asked if anyone would be willing to give blood
to help.
[6] Their request was met with wide-eyed
silence. Their little patient's life hung in the
balance. Yet they could only get the blood if
one of these frightened children would agree
to give it. After several long moments, a little
hand slowly went up, dropped back down, and
a moment later went up again.
[7] "Oh, thank you," the nurse said in French.
"What is your name?"
[8] "Heng," came the reply.
[9] Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm
cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into
his arm. Through all of this Heng lay stiff and
silent.
[10] After a moment, he let out a long sob, quickly
covering his face with his free hand.
[11] "Is it hurting, Heng?" the doctor asked.
[12] Heng shook his head silently, but after a few
moments another sob escaped, and again he tried
to cover up his crying. Again the doctor asked him
if the needle in his arm was hurting, and again
Heng shook his head.
[13] But now his occasional sob turned to a steady,
silent crying, his eyes held tightly shut, his fist in
his mouth trying to stop his sobs.
[14] The medical team now was very worried because
the needle should not have been hurting their tiny
patient. Something was obviously very wrong. At
this point, a Vietnamese nurse arrived to help, and
seeing the little one's tears, spoke rapidly in
Vietnamese, listened to his reply, and quickly
answered him again. Moving over to pat his head
as she talked, her voice was gentle and kind.
[15] After a moment, the little boy stopped crying,
opened his eyes, and looked questioningly at the
Vietnamese nurse. When she nodded, a look of
great relief spread over his face.
[16] Looking up, the Vietnamese nurse said
quietly to the Americans, "He thought he was
dying. He misunderstood you. He thought you
had asked him to give all his blood so the little
girl could live."
[17] "But why would he be willing to do
that?" asked the Navy nurse.
[18] The Vietnamese nurse repeated the
question to the little boy, who answered
simply, "She's my friend."
[19] Greater love has no man than this, that
he lay down his life for a friend.
wound , injure ＆ hurt
词义分析
wound
一般是指由枪械或者刀剑等尖锐物体
造成的身体上的伤害。
injure
a)由于重物如棍棒或者炸弹爆炸所造
成的伤害；b)在事故中受到的伤害。
hurt
除表示受伤外，主要用于表示身体疼
痛及情感受伤害。
wound , injure ＆ hurt
e.g.
wounded
He was seriously __________by
an enemy bullet.
injured
They were badly __________in
the car accident.
I ________
my foot when I dropped the hammer on
hurt
it.
hurt at his words.
I was very much_______
Action & act
Action 既可以作可数名词，也可以做不可数名词；作可数名词时，与act意
思相同，表示行为。
e.g.
a kind act/action
Act 是指具体行为，短暂而简单的行动，着重于效果；action指抽象行为，
持续而又复杂的行动，着重于过程及作用。
e.g.
an act of cruelty/mercy
He was caught in the act of stealing.
the action of a runner / a medicine
take action to do … put … into action
He was praised for his action of covering the retreat of
his group.
pair & couple
A pair is a set of things which are not usually used
separately. These may be two things which are not
joined together, such as shoes, or something made in
two parts, such as trousers. Any thing of the same
kind can be referred to as a couple.
e.g.
couple of socks in the bedroom, but they don’t
I found a _________
pair
make a _________
.
couple
He has got a _________
of tickets for the game on Saturday.
pair
She could see a _________
of eyes looking at her through
a crack in the wall.
pair
I bought a new _________
of shoes today.
suffer (Line 5): feel or have pain, loss, etc.
1) vt. 忍受，容忍，承受，耐住
If you break the law, you must be prepared to suffer the
consequences.
你如果违犯法律，就必须准备承担后果。
That young man had to suffer the injuries caused by the
chemical weapons left by Japanese troops in World War II.
那个年轻人不得不去承受日军在二战期间遗留的化学武
器给他造成的伤害。
2) vi. 受痛苦，受苦难，患病
许多大学新生偶尔会想念自己的家乡是很自然的事情。
It is natural for many freshmen to suffer
from homesickness now and then.
Boxing legend Mohammed Ali suffers
from the disease of Parkinson for a long
time.
拳王阿里身患帕金森（氏）病已经有很
长一段时间了。
land
v. set (a vehicle) down on land or
another surface
落下，跌下，着路
e.g. The ball landed in the pool.
The plane landed at the airport.
be supposed to…
be expected or required to do sth.
被期望或要求做…
e.g. We are not supposed to play football
on Sundays.
As a student, you are supposed to
obey the school rules.
Vietnam War
Vietnam was ruled by France, as part of
French Indochina, from the mid-19th century.
It became independent in 1954 as two
countries, the Pro-western South Vietnam
and the Communist North Vietnam . Attempts
to unite the two countries led to the Vietnam
War and eventually succeeded in 1957.
run
v. organize or be in charge of
负责，经营，管理
e.g. My uncle ran a small newspaper
stand on Elm Street.
He is now running a large company.
including
prep. having as a part 包括
e.g. There are 12 people at the party,
including you and me.
Including the freight, the total
cost is 2,500 yuan.
die of & die from
die of 死于内因
die from 死于外因
e.g. die of hunger/ cold/ poison/illness/old
age/ a disease/boredom/thirst/sorrow
/ a fever/ disappointed love
die from a wound/a lack of food/ an
accident/overwork/ drinking
neither
Neither is grammatically singular (neither 在语法上是单数)
e.g.
Neither shoe feels comfortable.
两只鞋都感觉不舒服。
However, it is often used with a plural verb, especially when followed by
of and a plural （但它常跟复数动词连用，尤其当后跟of 和一个复数名
词时。）
e.g. Neither of the candidates are really expressing their own views.
没有一位候选人真实地表达出他们的观点。
Neither of the twins is here. 那对双胞胎都不在这里。
Neither of the two boys has passed the geography
examination. 两个男孩子中没有一个地理考试及格。
together with
as well as, in addition to 和，加之
e.g.
He sent her some roses, together
with a nice letter.
The king, together with two aides
（侍从武官）, is expected in an hour.
meet with & meet…with…
meet with
1) experience by chance 偶然遭遇，遇到
e.g. I met with some difficulties when I first came to this
country.
They met with an accident on their way back home.
2) have a meeting with 会见，会晤
e.g. Our representatives met with several heads of state
(国家首脑)to discuss the price of oil.
meet…with…用…对…做出反应
e.g. She met his refusal with indifference.
His speech was met with catcalls（嘘声）。
wide-eyed adj.
Having the eyes completely opened, as in wonder
睁大眼睛的，吃惊的
e.g. She stood wide-eyed at the terrible scene.
The child was wide-eyed at the sight of the
beautiful cake.
Their request was met with wide-eyed silence.
= Hearing their request, all the children were
wide-eyed and they all kept silent.
hang/be in the balance
be not certain what will happen to
someone or something 安危未定
Our plans were left hanging in the balance.
我们的计划被搁置下来处于悬而未决的状态。
Resolution of these matters is still in the
balance.
这些事情的结果尚未可知。
We are sorry to say that your son’s life is still
in the balance.
非常抱歉，贵公子的生命仍处于危机状态。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构的模式是：
主格名词/代词
(作逻辑主语）
+
分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
（作逻辑谓语）
主格名词/代词 +
分词 (过去分词/现在分
词）
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The problem settled, we went home.
3. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
独立主格结构
主格名词/代词
+
形容词
1. His mother (being) ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
2. Other things (being) equal, I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词
+
副词
The meeting (being) over, our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
主格名词/代词
+
不定式
They divided the work, John to wash the vegetables and
Mary to cook the meal.
主格名词/代词
+介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
let out
1) come to a close; end 终止；结束：
e.g. School let out early.学校放学很早。
The play let out at 11 p.m. 话剧晚上 11点结束 。
2) make known; reveal 使知道；泄露：
e.g. Who let that story out? 是谁泄露了消息?
3） increase the size of (a garment, for example) 放大（衣
服）; 增大（例如衣服的）尺寸
e.g. let out a coat 放大一件外衣
4) release, allow a sound to come out 发出（叫喊声）
e.g. The little boy let out a cry of pain.
5） rent out 出租
e.g. The landlady let the room out to make some money.
cover up
hide something, keep others from knowing
about something 掩饰，掩盖，遮掩
e.g.He tries to cover up his embarrassment.
How can we cover up our mistakes?
Most computer criminals are smart enough
to cover up their crimes.
Should have done & Should not have
done
Should have done 应该做而没有做
Should not have done 不应该做但是做了
e.g.
He should have worked harder.
You shouldn’t have stayed up the night
before the exam.
Point n.

an exact time, moment or stage in the development of
sth.
e.g. At that point, I was still living at home and having no
job.
It was at that point that I came to realize my mistake.
 a particular place or position
e.g. No cars are allowed beyond this point.
It was said that someone was murdered at this point.
 a particular quality or feature that sth. or sb. has
e.g. The plan has both good and bad points.
The low price is one of the main selling points.
relief n.
1） the lessening or removing of pain, anxiety, etc. 缓解，减轻，解除
e.g. The drugs brought her some relief from the pain.
2） the feeling that you have when something unpleasant stops or
becomes less strong 宽心，宽慰，松口气
e.g. I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.
听说我已经通过了考试，感到轻松多了。
relieve v.
1) cause a lessening or alleviation of 减少；减轻
e.g. a drug that relieves headaches 缓解头痛的药
This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.
这将会在一定程度上减轻对火车的压力。
2) free from pain, anxiety, or distress 免于痛苦：脱离痛苦，焦虑或者
苦恼
e.g. I felt greatly relieved after I knew I was admitted to this university.
lay down
 put down 放下
e.g. Lay down your arms and come out with your hands up!
 lose or stop having willingly in order to help others
(for)牺牲，献出
e.g. The young knight was willing to lay down his life for
his lover.
 start the building or making of 开始建造
e.g. The foundations of the building was laid down in 1959.
这座建筑物于1959年奠基。
 (often passive ) declare or state firmly or officially （坚
定或正式地）阐述，声明
e.g. It was laid down in the regulations that members
must always sign guests in.
规则规定会员必须为带来的客人签字。
Useful Expression
1. 这个女孩腿上有伤。
The girl suffered wounds to her legs.
2. 几小时后，医疗救助人员赶到了。
A couple of hours later, medical
help arrived.
3. 立即的行动
immediate action
4. 相配的 / 适合的血型
the matching / correct blood type
5. His life was / hung in the balance.
他命悬一线。
6. after several long moments of silence
几次长时间沉默后
7. Heng lay stiff and silent.
Heng直挺挺地躺着，也不说话。
8. A look of great relief spread over his face.
他的脸上露出了轻松的表情。