Transcript System analysis for effective use of biomass as energy resources

System analysis for effective use
of biomass as energy resources
ICSS-Asia, Nov. 23, Bangkok
Sohei SHIMADA
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
The University of Tokyo
BACKGROUND
Biomass: low energy density
Optimization of transportation is critical for “Biomass to Energy” project.
System analysis using GIS and optimization of economy (cost minimum)
and environmental burden (CO2 emission minimum) is a strong tool for
evaluating the project.
Optimal location and size of the power generation plants and biofuel
producing plants obtained by the analysis
Examples of analysis;
1. Power generation using EFB (Empty Fruit Bunches) from palm in
Selangor State, Malaysia
2. Cocodiesel production in Lucena City, Philippine
3. RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) power generation in Ishikawa Prefecture,
Japan
Case Study 1
Power generation using EFB (Empty
Fruit Bunch) from palm in Selangor
State, Malaysia
Output of Palm Oil
Shell
≈ 4.3 million tonnes
Fiber
≈ 10.7 million tonnes
Empty fruit bunch (EFB)
≈ 17.4 million tonnes
7%
13%
22%
Total Fresh Fruit Bunch
processed ≈ 79.3 million tonnes
Palm oil mill effluent (POME)
≈ 53.1 million tonnes
67%
Crude palm oil (CPO)
≈ 15.9 million tonnes
20%
Palm kernel oil (PKO)
≈ 2.0 million tonnes
3%
Issues
Fiber and Shell
•
Used as fuel to generate electricity to their own palm oil mill. However, the
mills have excess energy.
EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch)
•
Problem of EFB supply chain for power generation
•
EFB is bulky and high moisture content
→ inefficiency combustion and difficulty on transportation and store.
•
Difficult decision for palm oil mill to commit themselves with certain EFB
handling method since there are many uncertain markets for EFB based
downstream products. →Resulting ‘wait and see’ situation.
Effective use of palm oil wastes system is not yet established.
Energy Balance in Palm oil mill
1ton FFB
Electricity :
72 MJ
0.65 t steam :
1690 MJ
Oil extraction process
0.13 t fiber
0.07 t shell
0.23 t EFB
2760 MJ
Power central
Boiler
1810 MJ
Turbine
Boiler efficiency:
65.6%
Heat/power ratio:
1/17.9
Accumulator
Electricity: 95.8MJ
Electricity: 23.8MJ
Steam:1714.2 MJ
Steam:24.2MJ
Excess energy :
48 MJ
Drying
System Total Cost with Number of
Power Plant
2500
2000
Annual Cost
million JPN yen/year
1500
1000
500
0
3
4
5
6
7
-500
-1000
-1500
number of plants
Capital cost
Revenue ash sales
Transportation cost
Revenue electricity sales
Variable cost
System profit
Distribution of Empty Fruit Bunch
Peninsular Malaysia
Palm oil mill
Selangor State
CHP 1 (6~10 MW)
CHP 1: plant install at palm oil mill
(CHP 2: Independent CHP plant)
Impacts of Capital Cost on Profit
600
Profit, million JPY yen/year
400
200
0
3
4
5
-200
-400
-600
number of plants
6
7
Capital cost
100%
Capital cost
50%
Capital cost
0%
Case Study 2
Cocodiesel production in Lucena
City, Philippine
Cocodiesel: diesel oil produced from
coconut
Coconut is used for food and diesel oil
Cocodiesel production and blending
with the fossil fuel derived diesel
Simulation for 20%
Cocodiesel Blend
Amount of CO2
emission per
month
Cocodiesel Blend
1%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
CO2 emission in kg
(Transportation)
6.83
55.03
142.73
258.71
371.82
525.63
CO2 emission in kg
(Reduced)
3116.88
31172.6
62347.7
93519.7
124692
155867
0.22％
0.18％
0.23％
0.28％
0.30％
0.34％
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
％ Difference
Transportation Cost
per month (\/L)
Additional cost
(\10,000)
102.62 5.1 - 8.8 51.3 - 88.0 175.9
153.93 - 205.24 – 256.55 –
263.9
351.8
439.8
CO2 emission due to transportation is relatively small compared to the reduction
due to the % blend increase: 0.18 – 0.34% difference
Transportation Cost has a minimal effect as % blend increases:
0.02 – 0.05 ¥/L (Price increase per liter cocodiesel = ¥ 7 – 12)
Additional cost increases as % blend increases: \ 51,000 (1%) – \4.4M (50%)
Case Study 3
RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)
power generation in Ishikawa
Prefecture (northern area),
Japan
30mm
Ishikawa
Old System
9 incineration
plants, no
Kashima thermal recycle
Hiroshima
RDF Power
Generation System
4 RDF plants +
1
power generation
plant
Mie
Omuta
Incinerator
Power plant
RDF
northern area of Ishikawa Prefecture
Energy Consumption
1,500
1,000
[Mcal/ｔ]
500
0
-500
-1,000
-1,500
Constr Collec Manuf Trans Power
Trans Landfil Disma
Inciner
uction tion acture portati genera
portati
l
ntling Sum
aion
proces proces of
on of tion
on of proces proces
62
120
679
1
1
6
869
Old system
180
85
967
18 -1,140 434
12
1
8
564
RDF
31
127
-677 679
24
1
2
186
Large area treatment
91
-462 679
361
Distributed treatment 53
CO2 Emission
150
100
50
[ｇ/t]
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
Old system
RDF
Large area treatment
Distributed treatment
Constr Collect Manufa Transp Power
Transp Landfill Disman
Inciner
uction
ion
cture ortatio genera
ortatio proces tling
aion
proces proces of RDF n of
tion
n of
s
proces
1
6
2
2
3
19
35
19
98
4
99
-166
-99
-67
0
60
99
99
1
3
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
Sum
104
25
45
61
Cost
180,000
160,000
140,000
120,000
[￥/ｔ]
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
-20,000
Constr Collect Manufa Transp Power
Transp Landfill Disman
Inciner
uction
ion
cture ortatio generat
ortatio proces tling
aion
proces proces of RDF n of
ion
n of
s
proces
8,163 71,359
Old system
13,567 72,759 17,600
RDF
Large area treatment 4,510 139,975
Distributed treatment 9,040 77,179
36,597
11,516 -2,155 4,129
-2,978 19,157
-2,537 20,532
Sum
116,119
117,416
160,663
104,214
Thank you for your kind attention.