Transcript The High Suicide Rate in Japan

人口１０万人あたりの自殺者数の順位
1. Republic of Guyana
2. North Korea
3. South Korea
・
・
・
15. Russia
18. Japan
Yomiuri (2014)
Figure１: The transition of suicide in Japan
Source: Cabinet Office (2014:2)
The High Suicide Rate in Japan:
Rooted in National Character or
Other Factors?
B12670 AI SATO
Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction
Defining Terms
National Character
Other Factors
Analysis
Conclusion
2 Defining Terms
The High Suicide Rate in Japan:
Rooted in National Character or Other Factors?
Rooted in (be rooted in)
-have as an origin or cause
(OED 2005:1531)
2 Defining Terms
The High Suicide Rate in Japan:
Rooted in National Character or Other Factors?
National character
-the enduring personality characteristics and
unique life styles found among the
populations of particular national states
Encyclopedia.com (2014)
2 Defining Terms
The High Suicide Rate in Japan:
Rooted in National Character or Other Factors?
Other factors
-non cultural causes: economy, social
problem, etc.
Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction
Defining Terms
National Character
Other Factors
Analysis
Conclusion
3 National Character
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
3.2 Japanese Characteristics and Karoshi
a: self image
b: depression
3.3 Religion
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
名誉の問題を伴っての死は、
武士道では多くの複雑な問
題を解決する鍵として承認さ
れた。
Nitobe （2010:128)
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
引責自殺 is caused by a sense of disgrace(不名誉）.・・・
引責自殺 occurs in Japan because the Japanese people
tend to possess strong sense of belonging to their
community, and they cannot imagine losing the
community which forms their identity. After the 引責
自殺, people usually do not blame the people who
have committed suicide to conceal the truth because
blaming the dead is thought to be disrespectful in
Japan.
Maeda (2012)
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
2007. 5.18 Matsuoka Toshikatsu, the Minister
National
character
of Agriculture,
Forestry, and Fisheries
-the enduring personality
「私の不徳の致すところで申し訳ない。迷惑をおわび
申し上げます」「身命をもって責任とお詫びにかえさせ
characteristics and unique life styles
ていただきます」
found among the populations of
particular national states
2014. 8.5
Yoshiki Sasai, stem cell biologist
「マスコミなどからの不当なバッシング、理研やラボ
（研究室）への責任から疲れ切ってしまった」
Wikipedia (2014) Kobe Shimbun NEXT (2014)
3 National Character
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
3.2 Japanese Characteristics and Karoshi
a: self image
b: depression
3.3 Religion
3.2 a: self image
Figure2: Japanese characteristics (strong points)
80
70
60
diligent (勤勉)
50
persevering(ねばり強い)
40
kind
30
courteous(礼儀正しい)
20
idealistic
10
0
1958 1963 1968 1973 1983 1988 1998 2003 2008
Source: TISM (2012a)
3.2 a: self image
うつ病が起こりやすい性格
・きまじめな性格≒diligent
・几帳面
・仕事熱心=diligent
・凝り性
≒idealisticpersonality characteristics and unique
-the enduring
・責任感が強い=diligent
life styles found among the populations of particular
・何をするにも徹底的 ≒idealistic
national
states
・限界まで頑張ってしまう
=persevering
・正直でごまかしができない
・対人関係をとても大事にする（他人との衝突を避け、他人に尽くす
が、自分の周囲が思うようにできる状態にならないと安心できない）
≒kind
National character
Astellas (2014)
3.2 b: depression
???
3.2 b: depression
2014.11.1 施行 過労死等防止対策推進法
【定義】 過労死等: 業務における過重な負荷によ
る脳血管疾患若しくは心臓疾患を原因とする死亡
若しくは業務における強い心理的負荷による精神
障害を原因とする 自殺による死亡又はこれらの脳
血管疾患若しくは心臓疾患若しくは精神障害
MHLW(２０１４）
3.2 b: depression
Figure3: The Suicide Rate by Motives in2013The Suicide rate by m
School problem
Others
otives
relationship
problem
3%
Working
problem
9%
1%
Family problem
15%
5%
Health problem
50%
Economic, life
problem
17%
Source: MPD (2014:5)
3.2 b: depression
Figure4: When you become depression
5.7 6.9
6.45
無回答
特に支障はない
3.1
その他 3.1
National character
仕事を休みたくても休みがとれない
20.316.4
-the enduring personality
characteristics and
12.2
職場の理解が得られにくいと不安
13.4
unique life styles found
among the populationsWOMEN
3.4
職場での昇進や昇給に影響する 7.9
MEN
of particular national states
28.222.1
9.9 11.3
職場の上司や同僚に迷惑をかける
家族や友人が離れて行きそうで怖い
家族や友人に迷惑をかける
63.6
70.7
24.7 21.9
一人で何とかするしかない
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Cabinet Office (2011a:47)
3 National Character
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
3.2 Japanese Characteristics and Karoshi
a: self image
b: depression
3.3 Religion
3.3 Religion
Buddhism made a mind
that do not adhere life and
get friendly with death.
Nitobe (2010:26 )
3.3 Religion
National character
-the enduring personality characteristics
and unique life styles found among the
populations of particular national states
Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction
Defining Terms
National Character
Other Factors
Analysis
Conclusion
4 Other Factors
4.1 Economic Recession
4.2 Lack of Social Support
4.1 Economic Recession
Figure3: The Suicide Rate by Motives in2013The Suicide rate by m
relationship
School problem
Others
otives
problem
3% Working
problem
9%
1%
Family problem
15%
5%
Health problem
50%
Economic, life
problem
17%
Source: MPD (2014:5)
4.1 Economic Recession
Figure5: The Transition of the Suicide Rate and the Unemployment
Source: Nikkei Business Online (2009)
4.1 Economic Recession
Figure6: The Transition of the Number of Suicides By Occupation
Source: Cabinet Office (2013)
4.1 Economic Recession
4.1 Economic Recession
Table1: The connection between economy and suicide
2011
Other factors
2012
The
4.6
4.3
-non cultural causes:
unemployment
rate
economy, social problem,
The number of 30,651
27,858
suicide
2011
4.0
etc.
27,283
Source: Statistics Japan (2014)
NPA (2014:3)(2013:3)
4 Other Factors
4.1 Economic Recession
4.2 Lack of Social Support
4.2 Lack of Social Support
自殺予防等に関するボランティア活動への参加意向
興味がない、自分には関係ないと思う
19.9%
興味はあるが、実際に自分が参加しようとは思わない
63.2%
Cabinet Office (2008)
4.2 Lack of Social Support
4.2 Lack of Social Support
The annual budget for the suicide counter measure in 2014
(平成２６年度自殺対策関係予算額）
Other factors
The
amount
36,137,330,000
-non
cultural
causes: yen (≒36億円）
economy, social problem, etc.
Cabinet Office (2014:1)
Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction
Defining Terms
National Character
Other Factors
Analysis
Conclusion
5 Analysis
3.1 A history of suicide in Japan
3.2 Japanese character and karoshi
Have you ever thought about committing suicide?
MEN
19.1%
WOMEN
27.1%
source: Cabinet Office (2011b)
5 Analysis
3.1 A History of Suicide in Japan
3.2 Japanese character and karoshi
Figure１:
The
transition
of
suicide
in
Japan
National character
-the enduring personality characteristics
and unique life styles found among the
populations of particular national states
Source: Cabinet Office (2014:2)
5 Analysis
3.3 Religion
Table2: The connection between religion and suicide
Country
Religion
Republic of
Guyana
Christianity, Hinduism, Islamism
North Korea
Buddhism
South Korea
Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism（儒教）
Sri Lanka
Buddhism, Hinduism, Islamism, Christianity
Republic of
Lithuania
Christianity
Source: MFAJ (2014)
5 Analysis
3.3 Religion
Figure7:
Do you believe any religion? (2008)
National
character
-the enduring personality
yes
characteristics and unique
life styles
27%
found among the populations of
particular national states
no
73%
Source: TISM (2012b)
5 Analysis
4.1 Economic Recession
Table3: Unemployment and Suicide
Other
factors
Mauritania
31
2.9
-non
Spain cultural
25 causes: 5.1
South Africa
25
3.0
economy,
social
problem,
etc.
Greece
24
3.8
Japan
Unemployment
Suicide rate
4.30
18.5
Source: WHO(2014:80-86) Global Note(2014)
5 Analysis
4.2 Lack of Social Support
Other factors
秋田県：モデル市町村における自殺者数の減少（２００１〜２００５）
-non cultural causes:
economy, social
problem,
etc.
１９９８〜２０００年と比べて
５３％
減少
モデル市町村では
Motohashi (2006:89)
Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction
Defining Terms
National Character
Other Factors
Analysis
Conclusion
6 Conclusion
3.1 A History of Suicide in
Japan △
4.1 Economic Recession○
Lack of
Support
The High Suicide4.2Rate
inSocial
Japan:
3.2 Japanese
Characteristics
Rootedand
in Other Factors.
Karoshi △
a: self image
b: depression
3.3 Religion ×
○
Outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
Introduction
Defining Terms
National Character
Other Factors
Analysis
Conclusion
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