Transcript PowerPoint - Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

March 15, 2015
JVOAD Public Forum
The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai
“Toward the Creation of Public –Private Disaster Response
Coordination Mechanism”
New Coordination Mechanism drawn
from the Past Disasters
Japan Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (JVOAD)
Japan Platform (JPF)
Tetsuya Myojo
1
Relief Activities by Civil Sector on Great East Japan Earthquake
 Volunteers (Individual)
 Total of 926,200 volunteers came to Tohoku area for 11month after 3.11.
 Voluntary Organizations (NGOs, NPOs)
 The number of organizations who operate relief activities after 3.11 were
at least 1,420.
2
Great East Japan Earthquake
Lifesaving activity
JRA looked for houses frantically in
the still continuing snow. Unfortunately
they could not find any survivors.
◆ Rikuzentakata city, Iwate prefecture
©JRA
©HuMA
Medical activity conducted at Utatsu area, Minamisanriku town.
Medical examination was provided in the morning and
afternoon every day at Utatsu Tsutsujien, a health facility for
the aged that served as the base for volunteer activities.
Volunteer doctors traveled the area for medical checkup of the
residents. Where and when to visit was coordinated depending
on the number of patients to check in the traveling medical
service.
Japanese doctors worked with a medical team from Israel to
increase the number of areas to support and improve the aid
service.
Volunteers also served as medical coordinators, in addition to
the service as doctors, during the activity at the Bayside Area.
For example, HuMA prepared a list of medicines to prevent
redundant prescription of drugs.
◆ Minamisanriku town, Miyagi prefecture
▲ Dr. Kai visiting victims staying in a private house as a shelter in Utatsu area
Food distribution/ Hot meal service
Hot meal services, such as onigiri rice
balls and curry & rice, were provided in
the days soon after the disaster.
Gradually fresh foods such as
vegetables arrived. The menu gradually
came to include dishes that contained
more nutrients and ingredients for the
better health of the victims.
©JAFS
◆ Utatsu area, Minamisanriku town,
Miyagi prefecture
PB ran hot meal services and distributed relief
materials in cooperation with local groups.
PB did those support activities over a wide area
including Yamada Town, Hirotacho of Rikuzentakata
city, Ayaoricho of Tono city, and Akazakicho of
Ofunato city.
◆ Various places in Iwate prefecture
©PB
▲ Local young people offered great help to our activities in Ofunato city.
©PB
Food Distribution by community people
• 地元主婦のボランティアグループ「厨房を貸して」
• 70、80歳を過ぎた方々がいつまでもカップラーメン
を食べておられる姿を見てられなかった。
• 野菜は新燃岳噴火災害の被災地からも届けられた。
• 避難所の解消と共に活動は休止。
5
Distribution of Relief Materials
Relief materials that AAR (Association for Aid and Relief)
delivered to the disaster areas in a week following the occurrence
of the earthquake include the following:
©AAR
©PWJ
▲ Foods for some 500 people delivered to Sendai city
municipal Nakano Junior High School
©AAR
©AAR
▲ At Kusunoki, a residential facility for the aged, in
Okawara town, Shibata-gun, Miyagi prefecture
• Relief materials
3,600 liters of light oil, 3,200 liters of kerosene, 6 tons of water,
1,000 blankets, 3,400 simple sleeping bags, 3,000 nutritional
supplements, 2 tons of mikan tangerines, 660 kg of rice, 18,000
inner wears and clothes, 5,000 masks, 17,000 paper diapers,
7,000 women’s hygiene products, 4,000 kairo body warmers, and
others including powdered milk, tea, retort-packed foods, sweets,
batteries, and stationery products
• Delivered to
Some 20 locations including schools, facilities for the
handicapped, facilities for the aged and others that served as
©AAR
shelters
Ishinomaki city’s municipal Kaduma Elementary School (1,600
people)
Onagawa town municipal No. 2 Elementary School (about
1,500 people)
Refugees staying in private houses in Watanohakiwa area
(about 300 people)
Seiwaen, a facility for the handicapped people in Yamamoto
town (about 60 people)
Team Chuetsu
長岡市社会福祉協議会・長岡青年会議所・ＮＰＯなどが協働して災害支援活動などを行っています。
物資支援
長岡市内外の団体で連携して支援物資を集め、約３０
０トンの物資を東日本の被災地に向けて支援しました。
避難者支援
福島からの避難者に対する見守り支援やつながりづ
くり等の支援を行って来ました。
仮設住宅支援
陸前高田市のモビリア仮設住宅などにおいて、中
越地震の経験を生かしたコミュニティ形成、ボラン
ティアとの交流促進、現地支援団体の設立などの
支援活動を実施しました。
7
Educational Support
©SVA
▲ Donation ceremony
KnK delivered a 29-seat school bus on April
23rd for Yamada town. The bus made it to the
beginning ceremony of the school on the 25th.
In addition to six school buses to help
commute refugee children, KnK provided
school clothes and gymnastic clothes, repaired
the teachers’ rooms, improved the living
environment of the teachers, and other
educational support.
◆ Yamada town, Iwate prefecture
SVA delivered 19 kinds of students’ sets, including notebooks
and pencils, to 1,764 students of 11 elementary schools in
Kesennuma city in time for the entrance ceremony and
beginning ceremony of the school in coordination with the
education boards of both the prefecture and the city.
◆ Kesennuma city, Miyagi prefecture
Children Support
• 「子どもの遊び場がない」「家の中
でゲームばかりしている」「特に男
性の高齢者が仮設住宅から出て
来ない」
• RSYが町役場に現状報告。公園
整備が可能な土地を提供いただ
く。財源はブラザー工業㈱ほか、
企業等からの寄付。公園整備は
名建協の協力を得て2013年7月
オープン
 「子どもが当たり前に遊べる場」
 「今度はお弁当を持って来よう」
 「子どもの声がするので思わず散
歩したくなった」
 植栽の管理や遊具の清掃等は、
地元のボランティアさんが実施
Transport, Logistics and Communications
Peace Winds Japan provided free use of
satellite phones and free charging in the
environment of poor communications following
the disaster.
Many victims used these services to find out
safety of their family members or let their family
members know they were okay.
(Kesennuma Junior High School where some
700 people took shelter)
©PWJ
◆ Kesennuma city, Iwate prefecture
BHN’s communication system installed at prefectural Ofunato
Hospital. With this system, doctors can provide advice on
perinatal care to Tono city where there are no obstericians.
◆ Ofunato city, Iwate prefecture
Internet communication system
installed at an elementary school
used as a shelter for refugees.
Children can also look for
information or communicate with
their friends from PCs or through
the Internet.
©BHN
©BHN
◆ Otsuchi town, Iwate prefectuer
Support of the Vulnerable People
Support of Foreign Victims
Information on victimized foreigners and the Great East Japan Earthquake was
provided in various languages.
★For refugees and foreigners in Japan: Earthquake information
http://www.refugee.or.jp/jar/topics/other/2011/03/14-1001.shtml
◆ Website of disaster areas and metropolitan areas where refugees moved to
Others
Organization of Photos
Photos, certificates and other memorabilia collected
from the debris are delivered to their respective owner
victims in cooperation with SDF members and
policemen who conduct removal of debris.
Photos and albums washed away by tsunami have
been collected and cleaned up piece by piece by
volunteers. Restored photos and albums are collected
at a special tent for return to their owner victims.
◆ Otsuchi town, Iwate prefecture
©JPF／CCP
©JPF／CCP
▲ Various photo albums have been gathered as
restored, including family photos with aged
persons surrounding their grandchildren or
souvenir photos showing friends of the same club.
Consultation on Legal Matters
JAR provides consultation on legal matters to refugees at shelters.
Refugees have many worries and concerns including, for example,
payment of housing loans borrowed before the earthquake.
JAR provides answers to their worries in cooperation with lawyers.
©JPF／JAR
◆ Otsuchi town, Iwate prefecture
▲ Diagrams and illustrations are used to provide refugees
and disaster victims with easy-to-understand answers.
Meeting for Community Building
（能登半島地震・穴水町住民・Ｔさんの話）
• 早く地域の中に、区長さん、班長さんを決めた方がよい。
行政からの大切な情報がまんべんなく届いたり、住民の要
望が吸い上げられるようなパイプ役が必要。
• 集会場を中心に、お茶のみ会や手作り教室などを実施し
たり、殺風景な仮設のプランターに花を植えたりと、みんな
で顔を合わせて取り組める企画を考えられるとよいと思う。
13
Welfare and Life Support for Temporary Housing
Community
14
Beach Clean Project
• 町長「時間がかかっても美しい浜を取り戻したい」
• 地元住民も「やっと浜まで気が回った」
• 浜の由来などを聞き、ボランティアとの共同作業で実施。
象徴の「菖蒲田浜」は年間10万人の海水浴客。全国で3
番目。東北で1番古い歴史がある自慢のビーチ。
15
• 夏の休日に集中的に清掃。「ハマギク」の植栽も。
Livelihood Support
• 「畑もダメになっちまって、毎日仮
設で寝っころがるしかねぇから、杖
つかねえと歩げねぐなっちまった」「
毎日することがない」「裁縫道具や
ミシンも流されて何も作れない」
• RSY拠点の一角に「モノづくり工房
」をオープン。材料は企業やボラン
ティアの寄付。小物づくりを開始。
• 町役場と社協に報告。 厚生労働省
の支援制度を紹介し、工房の建設
を提案。2012年12月オープン
 「動ける人が動ける場」
 1日の生活にリズムができた
 手にした人が喜ぶ顔を見たり、少
額でも収入を得て、孫に何か買っ
てあげるなど自分の役割を果たす
楽しみができた
16
Support for Temporary Local Shopping Area
• 「あんたに髪を切って欲しい」「買い
物に行きづらい」「周辺に食べる所
がない」「気軽に立ち寄れる場所が
ない」
• 町役場に現状報告。中小機構の
支援制度を紹介し、仮設店舗建設
を提案。2012年12月オープン
 「働ける人が働ける場」
 「外出の目的や楽しみ」を作るきっ
かけに。
 仮設店舗を中心に、お店の看板作
りや商店街イベントへの手伝いを
通じて、町民も外部ボランティアも
一緒に応援の気持ちを形にするこ
とができた。
17
18
Miyagi Local Response HQ
Director
(Vice Minister)
(Parliamentary
Secretary)
Deputy Director
Secretary
-General
Iwate Local Liaison Iwate Local Liaison
and Control Office and Control Office
(Deputy Director General)
Assistant
(Director)
Secretary-General
NPA, FDMA, SDF, JCG, MLIT,
METI, MIC, MOE, MEXT, MAFF,
Forestry Agency, Fisheries
Agency, MHLW, JMA, GSI
Roles of important themes
(MLIT, METI, MHLW, MIC)
Lifeline (road, electricity, gas, water,
communication)
(MHLW, MEXT)
Evacuation
shelter
(MHLW)
Other daily
commodities
(Security)
Materials
(MAFF, METI) Food and
water
(METI) Fuel
search
(Disaster prevention staff of
Cabinet Office, GSI, JMA)
(NPA, FDMA, JCG, SDF) Rescue, salvage and
Logistics, communications,
general affairs
Ministry and Agency
Liaison
Case Adjustment
Group
Supervising
Group
•
•
•
•
•
•
Materials: SDF
Temporary housing: MLIT
Waste disposal: MOE
Body reception and burial:
(NPA, Cabinet Office)
Reception of victims: (MIC,
Cabinet Office, (MHLW))
Volunteer: (Cabinet Office,
MHLW)
NPO
Representative
Vice minster
National Government Representative
Four-party Victim Supporters Meeting
April 4, 2011
Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture Disaster Volunteer Center
Self-Defense Forces
Government Local Emergency Response HQ
1. Purpose
Miyagi Prefecture, the Miyagi Prefecture Disaster Volunteer Center, the Self-Defense Forces, and the Government
Local Emergency Response HQ decided to set up the above Meeting to share information related to disaster
areas and volunteer activities and review the direction of effective volunteer activities and support policies for
volunteer activities in order to support people suffering from the Disaster.
2. Description of the Meeting
(1)Meeting members
Miyagi Prefecture (Disaster Management HQ Secretariat and Health and Welfare Division)
Miyagi Prefecture Disaster Volunteer Center (Prefectural Council of Social Welfare, Japan Civil Network staff in
charge of Miyagi, etc.)
Self-Defense Forces (Prefectural Liaison Coordination Director, etc.)
Government Local Emergency Response HQ (Assistant Secretary-General, etc.)
In addition to the above, qualified persons including scholastic people may be requested to join the Meeting
whenever judged necessary.
(2) Reviews to make for the time being
1) How to share information
2) Direction of volunteer activities
3) How to support volunteer activities
4) Follow-up of activities
•Follow-up of the local liaison meeting
(3) Secretariat
The national government's Local Emergency Response HQ will serve as the Secretariat of this Meeting for the
time being.
Self Defense Force
Municipal Gov.
NGO
Key Achievements by Public Private Collaboration (Miyagi Pref.)
[Hot meal service]
The three-party meeting (administration, SDF,
and NPOs) was regularly held in Ishinomaki city.
SDF and NPOs took their respective shares of
local evacuation shelters, and foods for some
30,000 meals (as of the end of April 2011) were
supplied to the shelters.
In Kesennuma city, who-does-what was
determined for SDF and NPOs. SDF mainly took
charge of main foods (rice and miso soup), while
NPOs took charge of side dishes.
The three-party meeting shared information on
the home-staying refugees’ needs of warm foods
and took appropriate measures.
[Response related to emergency
temporary housing]
In 11 municipalities of Miyagi prefecture, some
23,000 starter pack sets were delivered to
temporary housing.
[Reception of volunteers during the Golden Week]
The prefecture, NPOs and corporations sent
supporting personnel to the disaster volunteer
centers in Kesennuma city, Onagawa town,
Ishinomaki city, Higashimatsushima city, etc., and
organized the system to accept volunteer buses in
time for the Golden Week.
[Government’s victim support system referral
service]
NPOs directly asked questions about the system for
livelihood restoration support related to fisheries and
fishery operators to the administration so as to
clarify the problems.
In Ishinomaki, the website of the restoration support
council operated by NGO/NPO showed the links of
support systems.
[Prefecture’s relief materials]
NPO made effective use of the relief materials
provided to Miyagi prefecture.
[Delivery of heating equipment]
The national government, the prefectural government, municipalities, and NPOs worked together to listen
to the demands and requests of the refugees living in private rental housing (deemed temporary housing)
and provided all households who wanted heating equipment with what they wanted.
(Delivery of heating equipment to emergency temporary housing was in the scope of the Disaster Relief
Act, and administration conducted delivery as per the Act.)
“Great East Japan Earthquake - How Miyagi Prefecture Coped with the
Situation and Its Verification” excerpt (1)
[Verification of the measures to support those who require nursing care]
The Longevity Society Policy Department was able to collect local information from private organizations while
supporting private support organizations that entered the coastal area at an early stage after the disaster in various
ways including issuance of expressway pass. Despite a limited number of prefectural employees and the shortage of
fuel, such cooperation with locally active private organizations is essential in various senses including the knowledge of
the demands of the damaged areas. It is necessary to utilize the lessons learned from this disaster and incorporate
them into planning in order to improve the mode or style of cooperation. (P353)
[Verification of school health and school meals]
The Sports Health Department established a cooperative relationship with the UNICEF Association and World Vision
Japan for the purpose of re-starting school meal service and conducted various activities for that purpose, including
repair of meal providing equipment, provision of meals to children, and provision of bento meals. This is a case that
successfully improved welfare of the victims through cooperation between administration and private NGOs and NPOs
and sharing the mutual resources. (P624)
[Verification of school supplies support]
The Sports Health Department received relief supplies, including school bags and school supplies, at the Jodo Hall of
Miyagi prefecture’s Budokan Hall, coordinated the contents of assistance for NGOs that had already been active in the
disaster-afflicted areas, and supplied the received relief supplies, including school bags and school supplies, to
municipalities where support organizations were not operated. For management and transport of materials, it was
already beyond the capability of the Disaster Management HQ Secretariat. The Education Bureau handled the situation
by working with NGOs without going through the HQ Secretariat. The Sports Health Department regularly held
meetings to discuss matters with those NGOs, which allowed them to smoothly coordinate transport of materials.
(P627)
“Great East Japan Earthquake - How Miyagi Prefecture Coped with the
Situation and Its Verification” excerpt (2)
[Verification of measures for support of disaster volunteers]
Disaster volunteers usually include individuals and organizations whose knowledge or experience of disaster assistance
quite vary. Considering this situation, it is necessary to review establishment of a volunteer reception system with the help of
NGOs and NPOs experienced in support coordination during a disaster situation in addition to the volunteer reception system
of the disaster volunteer centers centering on CSW. (P659)
The four-party victim supporters meeting (four-party meeting) composed of the national government’s LER HQ, SDF, Miyagi
Prefectural Government and volunteers started in the end of March. (Snip) In the four-party meeting, various agenda were
discussed including provision of meals to victims, support of operation of disaster volunteer centers, and provision of materials
to shelters and emergency temporary housing. At the beginning, every task to discuss was handled by its respective
department of the prefectural government, and no single contact was assigned to deal with NGOs and NPOs. The support
organizations eventually suggested that such a situation allowed continuation of no smooth consultation among the parties
involved. This situation was then improved as CSW began to play the central role of coordination. The meeting was held even
after the withdrawal of the LER HQ. Support and assistance tuned to the seasonal needs, such as how to mitigate summer
heat or winter coldness or support of local communities, was effectively provided. Since victim support through coordination
between the government and NGO/NPOs can provide support to people or areas where administration’s assistance cannot
easily reach, it is expected to work in the future disaster situations. To realize this, it is necessary for the prefectural
government to set up a system to receive NGOs and NPOs in advance. (P660)
Large NGOs/NPOs that have a large fund and are active in foreign countries worked with administration in provision of hot
meal service, daily commodities to residents of temporary housing (starter pack) and school supplies after the occurrence of
the Great East Japan Earthquake. These NGOs and NPOs were large in scale in funds and personnel and familiar with the
information on damaged communities. Cooperation between those organizations and administration in assistance to disaster
victims was very effective in quick provision of relief to the victims. However, there was no mechanism of coordination with
NGO/NPOs before the occurrence of the disaster. In Miyagi prefecture, NPOs experienced in support coordination in overseas
disasters played the central role of coordination. In Ishinomaki city, NPOs rich in experience in support of the victims of the
Hanshin Awaji Earthquake or Chuetsu Earthquake took the initiative in the beginning, and then the Ishinomaki City Disaster
Restoration Support Council was established to realize smooth coordination. To be ready for future disasters, it is necessary to
newly establish a mechanism of NGO/NPO reception coordination independently of individual volunteer reception coordination
through the disaster volunteer centers. (P660)
Relationship among Actors (in the Disaster Areas)
Support of victims in the
disaster area
Doesn’t reach
National government’s
LER HQ and Disaster
Management
Headquarters
• Inquiry
• Offer
• Request, etc.
Intermediary
support and
network
organization
Not
connected???
NGO,
NPOs,
Fragmentary
• Inquiry
• Offer
• Request, etc.
CSW
volunteer
center
Issues:
• Information cannot be integrated.
• Support gap cannot be identified.
• Support cannot be coordinated.
Individual
volunteers
• Coordination of individual volunteers
• Understanding of individual needs
Revision plan of the Disaster Countermeasures
Basic Act (established on June 17, 2013)
[New provision]
(Coordination between the national government, local
governments and volunteers)
3 of Article 5
The national government and local governments shall endeavor
to work coordinately with volunteers while respecting the selfinitiative of the volunteers in light of the importance of roles the
volunteers play in disaster prevention and mitigation activities
during the disaster situation.
The problem is ....
With whom?
How?
27
Learning from the US NVOAD
• NVOAD provides NGOs with a common platform and
coordinates activities
• 4Cs as guiding principles. Cooperation, Communication,
Coordination, Collaboration
• NVOAD members are all agreed upon providing the
better services to disaster victims regardless their own
organizations’ interest.
• NVOAD is the independent organization from the
government, but has strong relationship with both
Government and Private sectors.
28
Government
Agency
Federal Level
State
Local Level
County
Municipal
NGO – Government Coordination in US
29
UN Global Cluster Lead Agencies
Cluster
Lead agency
Agriculture
FAO
Camp
Coordination/Management
UNHCR (conflict-related), IOM (disaster
related)
Early Recovery
UNDP
Education
UNICEF/Save the Children
Emergency Shelter
UNHCR (conflict-related), IFRC (disaster)
Emergency Telecommunication
OCHA / WFP (security)
Healt
WHO
Logistics
WFP
Nutrition
UNICEF
Protection
UNHCR
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
UNICEF
Source：Handbook for RCs and HCs on Emergency Preparedness and Response
Challenges to Disaster
Countermeasures in Japan
• Disaster Volunteer Centers have become the established point of contact
for coordinating volunteers, but have not been able to coordinate the
activities of relief organizations;
• The overall picture of relief activities, including relief activities carried out
by nonprofit organizations and NGOs, is unclear;
• Because information about relief activities cannot be aggregated,
regulation of shortages and redundancies is impossible;
• In addition to preexisting network organizations, many network
organizations and intermediary assistance organizations have been
established in the wake of the disaster, mainly in the affected areas.
However, in many cases their relations are fragmentary;
• Several organizations have attempted to aggregate information, but
without government cooperation, the amount of information that they
can obtain is restricted and limited in scope. The frequency of updates and
the degree of accuracy and freshness of the information are also unclear;
• Governments and local organizations are not having conversations about
understanding needs and solving problems; and
• There is a lack of staff devoted to coordinating roles.
31
Japan Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster
The Concept of JVOAD
Support for disaster affected people and community
Support from
Public Sector
（Nation,
Prefectures, Towns
and Cities）
JVOAD
Provide
communication path,
encourage
coordination between
parties, and manage
needed support
Support from
Private Sector
（NPO・NGO）
Support
from Private
Businesses
Basic Concept of JVOAD
JVOAD aims to establish the following support cycle to cope with
the problems related to the Great East Japan Earthquake and other
disasters:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Grasp the demands of victims, residents and local society as a
whole
Grasp the support situation as a whole
Identify the gaps of support
Can coordinate support (support organizations can prepare
support programs)
Funds and human resources are effectively input to realize
support
Can propose support plans
Can verify the effects of support
JVOAD’s Operation Image on Disaster Response
Supporting Field Operation
NPO
CBOs
Business
Business
NPO
NGOs
・・・
Academia
Business
Support relief activities
Coordinate support
Information gathering and sharing
Inter Agency Network
for Disaster Response
(Pre-existing or establishing new)
Coordinate support
Coordination
Meeting
Prefectural/
Local
Government
・Establishing
communication route
・Sharing information
・Coordination meetings
Establishment and operational support Information gathering and sharing
Business
NGO
CBO
Voluntary
Organizations
FBO
Network
Organizations
NPO
NGO
Funding
Agencies
Network/Intermediary
Organizations (National level )
Business
Acad
emia
NPO
Intermediary
Organization
National
Government
・・・
….
Coordination
JVOAD
NGO
…
・・・
Networks
in local
area
Networks
for special
needs
・Establishing
Communication route
・Coordination meetings
Business
Community
34
Tasks and Actions of JVOAD
1. Establish a collaborative relationship with the Cabinet Office and local
governments (disaster management headquarters).
2. Establish a collaborative relationship with corporations.
3. Establish a collaborative relationship with local intermediary support
organizations.
4. Foster liaisons and coordinators.
5. Establish the role of private support in emergency situations.
6. Ensure effective input of external support and support money.
7. Establish the secretariat operation system and organizational
foundation.