The Harmful effects of smoking

www.tuberose.com/ Cigarette_Smoke.html

How do all those chemicals get in a cigarette?

~Farmers use many chemicals to grow tobacco. They use fertilizers to make the soil rich and insecticides to kill the insects that eat the tobacco plant .

~After the tobacco plants are picked, they are dried, and machines break up the leaves into small pieces. Artificial flavorings and other chemicals are added. Some chemicals are put in cigarettes to keep them burning; otherwise, they would go out.

http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit4/1whats_in.html

Brain

Nicotine stimulates the “pleasure centers” in the brain than acts as a tranquilizer and sedative Nicotine directly affects, alters, and takes control of specialized receptor cells in the brain responsible for regulating well-being, mood, and memory The drug remains active for 20-40 minutes, than withdrawal symptoms begin Mood changes: person becomes irritable, anxious, and discomfort becomes more severe leading to addiction

Throat

Cancer of Larynx (voice box) and esophagus Irritates membranes of the throat

Heart

Nicotine raises heart rate Increases blood pressure Constricts blood vessels Carbon monoxide decreases delivery of oxygen to the heart, increasing risk of heart attack and strokes Causes weakening of heart muscle’s ability to pump blood, leading to death Causes aortic aneurysms and pulmonary heart disease

Liver

Causes cirrhosis of the liver

Adrenal Glands

Stimulates adrenaline production, speeding up the heart and increasing blood pressure

Vertebrae

Increased risk of vertebral cancer

Reproductive System

Male: reduces sex drive and increases risk of impotence in males Females: increased chance of cervical cancer, less fertile, and brings on menopause earlier Increases chance of miscarriage, pregnancy complications, bleeding, and premature delivery May cause impairment of baby’s growth, intellect and emotional development

Mouth

Dulls taste buds Irritates membranes of mouth Bleeding and receding gums Gum Disease Foul breath Hair growth on tongue Numbness Staining teeth, tooth decay, loss of teeth Cancer of mouth

LUNGS

Chronic obstructive lung disease Damages and destroys tiny air sacs reducing lungs ability to bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide Emphysema: damaged air sacs Bronchial tubes become inflammed, and thickened with mucus narrowing air passages=chronic bronchitis Lung cancer: tar and other particles settle in bronchiole tubes causing cancer

Healthy Lung Lung with Cancer (caused from smoking ) http://www.haltthehabit.com/effects_of_smoking .htm

Stomach and Duodenum

Stomach and duodenal ulcers develop, creating burning pain

Kidneys

Reduces kidneys ability to process fluids and waste Inhibits formation of urine Cancer

Bladder

Causes cancer of the bladder

Bones

Increased risk of early onset of osteoporosis (weakening, softening and thinning of the bone

Secondhand Smoke Facts

Comes from two places: smoke exhaled by the person who smokes and smoke from the end of a burning cigarette Contains over 4000 chemicals, 200 are poison and 43 cause cancer Secondhand smoke causes cancer at typical everyday exposure levels Non-smoking women who live with a spouse who smokes has a 30% greater risk of lung cancer Contains cancer-causing and other toxic substances that are often in greater concentrations than in the smoke inhaled by the smoker. Some chemical compounds found in smoke only become carcinogenic after they've come into contact with certain enzymes found in many of the tissues of the human body, so the smoke that is breathed out may be worse than the smoke breathed in by the smoker through the cigarette.

Secondhand Smoke Contains….

2 times as much tar and nicotine 5 times as much carbon monoxide 50 times as much ammonia as mainstream It is estimated that only 15% of cigarette smoke gets inhaled by the smoker. The remaining 85% lingers in the air for everyone to breathe.

The chemicals found in secondhand smoke are the same as those inhaled by the active smoker. However, because their combustion is incomplete, the concentration is 100 times higher.

ww1.umn.edu/perio/tobacco/secondhandsmoke.html

http://wichita.kumc.edu/care/fact-sheets/Secondhand-Smoke.pdf

How does secondhand smoke affect you?

2 hours in an enclosed smoky area is equivalent to smoking 4 cigarettes 2 hours in a non-smoking area of a building where smoking is taking place is equal to smoking 2 cigarettes

When Smokers Quit

20 Minutes After That Last Cigarette

Blood pressure drops to normal Pulse rate drops to normal Body temperature of hands and feet increases to normal

8 Hours After

Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal Oxygen level in blood increases to normal

24 Hours After

Chance of heart attack decreases

48 Hours After

Nerve endings start growing Ability to smell and taste is enhanced

2 Weeks to 3 months After

Circulation Improves Walking becomes easier Lung function increases up to 30%

1 To 9 Months After

Decrease in coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath

One Year Later

Excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker

5 Years After

Lung cancer death rate for average former smoker (one pack a day) decreases by almost half Stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5-15 years after quitting Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat and esophagus is half that of a smoker’s

10 Years After

Lung cancer death rate similar to that of non-smokers Precancerous cells are replaced Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas decreases

15 Years After

Risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker