Transcript The Rise of Civilizations

THE RISE OF CIVILIZATIONS
FROM NOMADS TO VILLAGERS

Agriculture changes the way people live
 People
begin to live together in permanent
settlements (villages)
 New tools (hoes, sickles, plowsticks) make farming
easier and technology (canals) = more food
 Domesticated animals share the work and increase
food supply
FROM VILLAGES TO CITIES:
ECONOMIC CHANGES
Irrigation systems
Increased food supply
Specialization of labor
Trade
FROM VILLAGES TO CITIES: SOCIAL CHANGES
Large
Building
Projects
Require
Cooperation
Leaders
needed
Specialization
Differences
in wealth
and power
Social
classes
form
Lives become
more complex
Religion
gets more
organized
More gods
and more
rituals
WHAT IS CIVILIZATION?

Complex culture with five basic characteristics:
1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized workers
3. Complex institutions
4. Record keeping
5. Advanced technology
ADVANCED CITIES
Word “civilization” comes from Latin word
“civitas”=city
 Key difference between city and village- cities
are centers of trade for a larger area

SPECIALIZED WORKERS
Food surpluses lead to
specialization- everyone
doesn’t have to be getting their
own food
 Artisans, priests, soldiers can
trade their work for food

COMPLEX INSTITUTIONS
Large populations require system for ruling
 Governments, religions, economies develop
 They create and enforce the rules

RECORD KEEPING
Government, religion and economy gets more
complex
 Needed a way to keep track of laws, taxes,
supplies, important dates, debts and payments
 Systems of writing begin to develop
 Eventually writing used for purposes other than
record keepign

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
New tools need for more complex problems
 Farmers need to grow more food =Ox drawn
plows, irrigation systems
 Artisans experiment to create new products=
pottery, bronze

REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why did people create the first villages?
What were some of the first large building
projects?
What economic changes occurred because of
the introduction of agriculture?
What social changes took place?
What are the five basic characteristics of a
civilization?