Transcript Slide 1

World History
Unit 6
Unit Topics: Independence Movements;
regional social, economic, and political
developments since 1945”,
Wars and Advancing Technology
SOLs: WHII 1a,b,c,d,e; 13 b,c; 15 a,b,c and
embedded SOL REVIEW!!!!
WH II 14:REVIEW INDIA!!! The student will demonstrate knowledge
of political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of independence
movements and development efforts by
a) describing the struggles for self-rule, including
Gandhi’s leadership in India and the
development of India’s democracy
b) describing Africa’s achievement of
independence, including Jomo Kenyatta’s
leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s
c) describing the end of the mandate system and
the creation of states in the Middle East,
including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal
Abdul Nasser.
India: Independence
 What do you know
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about each of the
following:
Hinduism:
Islam:
Gandhi:
Nehru:
Jinnah:
Indira Gandhi:
Independence for India
 British policies and the demand for self rule
led to the rise of Indian Independence
movements, which resulted in the creation of
new states in the Indian sub continent.
 What were the British policies?
 Who made demands for independence?
 What methods did they use?
GEOGRAPHY of “India” on a map
 Find on the Indian sub-continent:
 Area called “British India”
 The Republic of India, a democratic nation
that developed after independence
 Pakistan (formerly WEST Pakistan)
 Bangladesh (formerly EAST Pakistan)
 Sri Lanka (formerly CEYLON)
Independence in Africa:
 describe Africa’s achievement of
independence, including Jomo
Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and
Nelson Mandela’s
 Jomo Kenyatta
 Nelson Mandela
 Other independence leaders: (see chart)
African Independence:
 POST WWII Independence due to:
 “Right to self-determination” is part of the
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UN Charter
Increasing pride in African cultures and
heritage
Resentment toward imperial rule and
economic exploitation
Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France,
Belgium and Portugal
Influence of the post-WWII superpower
rivalry during the COLD WAR
Independence in Africa West vs. East
 WEST Africa = PEACFUL
 EAST Africa = VIOLENT
African Independence
 Revolutions were both peaceful AND violent
 WEST Africa = mostly peaceful (Ghana)
 Algeria : War for Independence from France=
(VIOLENT)
 EAST Africa = many VIOLENT revolutions
 Kenya= VIOLENT (Jomo Kenyatta, Mau-Mau,
etc.)
 South Africa = VIOLENT also
 APARTHEID (racial segregation was a big
problem and led to international outcry to
end it)
 Nelson Mandela’s leadership was crucial
African Independence:
Kwame Nkrumah
 Ghana (Gold Coast):
British colony
African Independence:
JOMO KENYATTA
Kenya (British colony)
African Independence:
Mau-Mau
 Kenya (British colony)
 VIOLENT
African Independence:
Idi Amin
 Uganda—British
colony
 VIOLENT!
African Independence:
Nelson Mandela
 South Africa (Dutch,
then British colony)
 VIOLENT
 British fought Dutch
farmers known as
BOERS
 British fought ZULU
tribe, led by Shaka
ZULU
African Independence:
F.W.de Klerk*
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
 Awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1984,
this Anglican
Archbishop supported
economic sanctions
against his own
country and other
nonviolent means to
challenge the system
of racial segregation
in South Africa.
(APARTHEID)
African Independence:
Mobutu Sese Seko
 Democratic
Republic of the
Congo (formerly
known as ZAIRE…and
formerly known as the Belgian
Congo!)
 Renamed Democratic
Republic of the Congo
after Sese Seko was
overthrown
African Independence:
Robert Mugabe
 Zimbabwe
(formerly Rhodesia)
 Named after Cecil
Rhodes (a British
imperialist)
Robert Mugabe
 This Rhodesian nationalist
leader fought against white
minority rule and helped bring
about independence in 1980.
The country was renamed
Zimbabwe after an ancient
African kingdom and this man
was elected president. He
insisted on one party rule and
tolerated little opposition.
African Independence:
Ian Smith*
 Rhodesia (before it
became “Zimbabwe”) -British colony
African Independence:
Julius Nyerere
 Tanzania—British
colony
See page 704 in the book!
Review history
of:
Monotheism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Middle East: describe the end of the
mandate system and the creation of
states in the Middle East, including the
roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdel
Nasser.
 Review: Colonialism, Berlin Conference,
religion, WW I and WWII, Holocaust,
establishment of Israel, and related events
Middle East: Peace and Conflict
 Nationalism and the mandate system after
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WWI (REVIEW!)
UN decision to END the mandate system after
WWII
Religious conflicts cause TENSION and
violence
Economic development and the tension
between modernization and westernization
Arab-Israeli Dispute (ongoing)
Egypt and the Suez Canal (Suez Crisis)
Middle East: Peace and Conflict
 Mandates (after WWI) to
know and find on a map:
 FRENCH = Syria and Lebanon
 BRITISH = Jordan (called
Transjordan) and Palestine
(part became independent as
the State of Israel in 1948)
 Can you discuss part of the
HISTORY and culture of the
mandates before, during and
after the mandate era?
Middle East: Golda Meir
 Prime minister of
Israel*
 led Israel (after
initial setbacks) to
victory in the Yom
Kippur War*
 Strong support of
the United States
Israel’s position is vulnerable
in the Middle East
Middle East:
Gamal Abdel NASSER
 President of Egypt
 Nationalized the Suez
Canal (took it from
British control)
 Established a
relationship with the
Soviet Union during the
Cold War
 Built the Aswan High
Dam
Gamal Abdel NASSER
 founder of the so-called “Non-Aligned
Movement” ( India and Yugoslavia)
 developed close relations with the Soviet Union.
 USSR its satellites became chief source of
military equipment and financial aid, beginning
with a massive arms deal with Czechoslovakia
in 1955.
 May of 1967, Nasser expelled UN peacekeepers
from the Sinai peninsula and announced a
blockade of the Straits of Tiran to Israel-bound
shipping. (Openly declares he wants to destroy
Israel)
Key “wars” to remember about
Israel and its neighbors
 1948: State of Israel is
created
 Immediately invaded by :
Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon,
and Syria
 Suez Crisis (Nasser in
Egypt) and later the Six
Day War 1967
 1973 Yom Kippur War (vs.
Egypt and Syria)
Six Day War
 the third major Arab-Israeli conflict — was in a
sense a continuation of the first two wars.
Broadly speaking, the causes of the fighting in
1967 overlapped with the causes of fighting in
1948 (Arab rejection of Israel) and 1956
(continued rejectionism and an Egyptian
blockade of shipping to Israel).
 Israel, Egypt, Syria and Jordan were the key
players
Middle East Conflict as part of the
COLD WAR:
 Geopolitical aspects of Six Day War 1967:
 As American relations with Egypt soured,
the Soviet Union stepped up its influence in
the Arab world, working to build (proSoviet) Arab unity by focusing Arab
attention on their common enemy, Israel
 USA tries to get Israel to “hold off” and
never strike first. USA provides intelligence
to assist Israel make every strike count
when they have to
Middle East: Yasir Arafat
 Committed soldier
against state of Israel
 Head of the PLO
(independent
nationalist
organization)
 By 1988, he
“renounces” violence
and by 1993 signs Oslo
Peace Accords with
Rabin….
 BUT, a new intifada
begins 2000….
 …Arafat dies in 2004
Oslo Peace Accords,1993
 TERMS for Palestinians were to include:
 Self rule in West Bank & Gaza Strip (find those on
the map)
 renunciation of terrorism (STOP being terrorists!)
 Recognize Israel’s right to exist”
Middle East: Yitzak Rabin
 Gets a Nobel Peace
Prize with Arafat
 Assassinated by a
Jewish student
Middle East: Ayatollah
Khomeini
 Installed after
1979 Islamic
Revolution that
overthrew Pahlavi
Dynasty in Iran
 US embassy was
raided and US
hostages held
until 1980
SEE PAGE
713 in the
book!
 Review the following world leaders who
made major contributions to events in the
second half of the twentieth century
 Country?
 Religion?
 Notable cultural features?
 Relationship with USA & USSR during Cold
War Era?
 Current Events?
Indira Gandhi:
 From India
 Closer relationship
between India and the
Soviet Union during
the Cold War
 Developed nuclear
program
Margaret Thatcher
 British prime minister
 Free trade and less
government
regulation of business
 Close relationship
with United States
and U.S. foreign
policy
 Assertion of United
Kingdom’s military
power
Mikhail Gorbachev & Ronald Reagan
 Glasnost (“openness”=
free speech, press) and
perestroika
(“restructuring” of the
Soviet economy: market,
free enterprise with some
private business)
 Last “president” of Soviet
Union
Deng Xiaoping
 Reformed Communist
China’s economy to a
market economy leading
to rapid economic
growth
 Continued communist
control of government
Asia in Transition: China
after WW II
 Division of China into two nations at
the end of WWII (Taiwan and
People’s Republic of China)
 Communist China participated in
Korean Conflict on North Korea’s
side
 Modern leadership of DENG
XIAOPENG/REFORMS ECONOMY
China after Mao:
DENG XIAOPING
 Reformed communist
economy to market
economy leading to
RAPID ECONOMIC
GROWTH
 Continued Communist
control of the
government
 Tiananmen Square
massacre in 1989
 Died 1997
Asia in Transition: Southeast
Asia and the struggle to
establish democratic gov’t
 Colonial heritage
 Ethnic and religious conflict
Asia in Transition: Japan and
the “ASIAN TIGERS”
 These areas have
created successful
industrial economies
and are the new
“powerhouses” of the
global economy
 Japan
 South Korea
 Singapore
 Hong Kong
Can you
identify the
nations of Asia
and Southeast
Asia and
discuss the
religion and
histories of
those nations?
IMPORTANT “End of the
Semester Items” to wrap it
all up:
 Terrorism & Global
Security concerns
 Global economy
 Technology and
Communications
Revolution
 Energy and “Green” Info
 The FUTURE
“Analyze the increasing
impact of TERRORISM”
 What is terrorism?
 What causes terrorism?
 What are some EXAMPLES of terrorist
activities?
 How has terrorism affected both
developed and developing nations?
Terrorism:
 “the use of violence and threats to
intimidate and coerce for political
reasons”
 RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM is a major
cause
 Another cause is the inability to
“deal” with inequities in social,
cultural or economic systems in a
terrorist’s homeland
Terrorism:
EXAMPLES
 Munich Olympics in 1972 (PLO murdered
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Israeli athletes in the Olympic Village dorms)
USA on Sept. 11, 2001 (9-11) (Muslim
extremists encouraged by Osama Bin Laden
attacked Twin Towers in NTC and the
Pentagon in Washington, DC)
Car bombings
Suicide Bombers
Airline Hijackers
Munich, Germany Sept. 5, 1972:
 Early group of the
Palestinian
Liberation
Organization
(PLO) calling
themselves “Black
September”
attacked Israeli
athletes in
Olympic
 Hostages all killed
at airport
Osama Bin Laden & his religious
extremists on Sept. 11th, 2001
Government Responses to
Terrorism:
 SURVEILLANCE of
“suspects”
 Restriction of some privacy
rights
 More security at airports
and water-ports
 Increased use of
IDENTIFICATION BADGES
and PHOTO IDS
WW II 16: The student will demonstrate knowledge of cultural, economic,
and social conditions in developed and developing nations of the
contemporary world
Q: What can you tell me about the HISTORIES of the places in RED? Religions?
Colonial ism? Independence Struggles? Terrorist Activities?
A. identifying contemporary political issues, with
emphasis on migrations of refugees and others,
ethnic/religious conflicts, and the impact of
technology, including chemical and biological
technologies
Q: What are some of the Key Challenges
faced by the contemporary world?
Q: What new technologies have created
both OPPORTUNITIES and challenges?
Challenge: “MIGRATIONS”
REFUGEES
 International conflicts
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produce waves of refugees
fleeing political, ethnic,
religious or economic
troubles in:
Middle East
Northern Ireland
Balkans
Horn of Africa
South Asia
“GUEST WORKERS”
 Numbers of “guest
workers” flood European
cities
New Technologies=Good and/or Bad
IMPACT of New Technology?
 Widespread BUT
“UNEQUAL” access to
computers
 Instantaneous
communication via
internet, cell-phone, IM,
social media etc.
 BIOETHICS of genetic
engineering and cloning
b) assessing
the impact of economic development and
global population growth on the environment and
society, including an understanding of the links
between economic and political freedom.
 Q: How does the developing world compare
with the developed world in terms of
economic, social and population
characteristics?
Characteristics:
DEVELOPIN G:
DEVELOPED:
 Location on map?
 Location on Map?
 Economics weak or “in
 Strong economics with more
transition”
 Social conditions: literacy
rates tend to be LOW here,
little access to health care
or technologies
 Population SIZE and
growth rates : high
“knowledge workers” in
service industries
 Social conditions: HIGH
literacy rates, access to
health care and technologies
 Populations are manageable
growth is lower
Q: What effect or “IMPACTS” are economic
development and rapid population growth
having on the ENVIRONMENT?
Negative Effects in
“developing countries”:
 POLLUTION
 Habitats lost from destruction of environment
 Global climate change (used to be called
“ozone depletion”)
 Poverty
 Poor health
 Illiteracy (people can’t read or write)
 Famine (people starve)
 Migrations….as refugees or “guest workers”
Q: What are the links between economic
development and political freedom?
 FREE market economies (except in China)
produce “good things” for the people:
 Rising standard of living (life is better in general)
 Expanding and prosperous MIDDLE CLASS
 Middle Class then DEMANDS more POLITICAL
FREEDOMS and INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS (except in
China)
 Look at : TAIWAN (Jiang Jieshi) and SOUTH KOREA
(NOT communist)
C.
describing economic interdependence including the
rise of:
• multinational corporations =
•international organizations=
•trade agreements=
Q: How is economic interdependence
changing the world?
How is economic interdependence
changing the world?
 Rapid transportation , communication and
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computer network
Rise and influence of MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
Changing role of international boundaries
Regional integration like European Union
Trade Agreements between nations: NAFTA,
WTO (World Trade Organization)
International Organizations: UN & IMF
(International Monetary Fund)
WH II 15: REVIEW!!The student will demonstrate
knowledge of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and
Hinduism in the contemporary world by:
a) describing their beliefs, sacred writings,
traditions and customs
b) Locating the geographic distribution of
religions in the contemporary world
Unofficial “c” is : associating the role of
religion in modern political conflicts
Current Status of the World
 Be able to identify each
country (ANY country)
on the world map
 Be able to generalize an
intelligent statement
about that country
regarding:
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A. Status at 1500
B. Status at 1800
C. Status at 1945
D. Status at 2014 with a
current event!