Transcript Chapter 30 The Nation of Africa and the Middle East Became

Chapter 30
The Nation of Africa and the Middle East
Became Independent
(1945 to the Present)
Pages 806-829
Chapter Overview
• Most African nations came to independence peacefully
• In some cases war and violence was the case
• One of the most difficult transitions to independence
occurred in the Congo (Zaire)
• In South Africa, apartheid produced a threatening racial
situation
• After independence African nations continued to have
difficulties
• For example, in Nigeria, ethnic rivalries led to a civil war
• Intervention by foreign powers and economic difficulties also
prevented development
Overview
• Nations of the Middle East secured independence
• Iran threw off Soviet and British influence and began a
course of modernization
• Turkey also resisted Soviet interference and turned to
the west for support
• A coup in Egypt overthrew the monarchy
• The new leader, Nasser, followed an assertive foreign
policy
• When Nasser seized the Suez Canal in 1956, Great
Britain, France and Israel invaded Egypt
• The creation of Israel led to a war with Arab nations
Overview
• In 1967, Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula and
other territories in the Six-Day war
• 1973 another Arab-Israeli war occurred
• Sadat and Begin of Israel signed a peace treaty in
1979
• In Iran the shah was overthrown and an Islamic
republic was created
• Great social changes occurred in the Middle East,
cities grew, education expanded and women’s
status improved
• At the same time, Islamic fundamentalism
became an important force in the Middle East
Focus Motivation
The following quote was made by an African chief
in 1947
“ Only an insignificant minority have any political
awareness….It must be realized now and for all
time that this articulate minority are destined to
rule the country”
• How much experience did Africans have in
government, according to this chief?
• Who does the chief think will rule?
• Do you believe that a government dominated by
a few strong leaders can rule justly?
Section 1 Objectives
1. Summarize the methods African
nations used to gain
independence
2. Compare the nationalist
movements in France and
Belgian colonies with those in
British colonies
•
•
•
•
African nations achieved independence after
WWII
Section 1 (pgs. 807-813)
Independence came quickly to the nations of
Sub-Saharan Africa
Most nations achieved peace peacefully
Some did not instead there was war and
violence
South Africa and Apartheid caused
considerable unrest and sparked international
protest
Do Now
On the right side define apartheid
On the Left side frayer it up
Define
Visual
Example
Non example
Describe the effects such a policy had on
South Africa
Classifying Ideas
match each country with its appropriate description
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Ghana
Kenya
Guinea
Zaire
Angola
Zimbabwe
South Africa
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Only French colony to choose
complete independence
Nation that came into existence
in 1980 after years of guerilla
war
1st Sub-Saharan colony to
achieve full independence
Portuguese colony in which
“liberation armies” fought for
freedom
Country that experienced the
Mau Mau uprising
Experienced political chaos in
the 1960s
Country that introduced the
policy apartheid
Practice/Homework
• Read section 1 807-813
• Take notes over the reading
• Do the section review pg 813
questions 4, 5,6 & 7
• Under question 3 locate the
places on a map