Transcript Fabrication - Wing structure

Group 3
Heavy Lift Cargo Plane
William Gerboth, Jonathan Landis,
Scott Munro, Harold Pahlck
February 18, 2010
Presentation Outline
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Project Objectives
Q&A From Phase III
Revised Payload Prediction
Flight Controls
Prototype Fabrication Plan
Fabrication Schedule
Updated Budget
Plan for Phase V
Nugget Chart
Project Objectives
• Design and build an airplane that meets the
requirements of the SAE Aero East competition
• Plane must successfully take off from a runway of
200 feet and land on a runway 400 feet
• Constraints of 55 pounds total weight, and the
combined height, length, and width of 200 inches
• Plane must make one complete 360° circuit of the
field per attempt
Phase III Questions
• How is Induced Drag accounted for?
– Drag as a result of lift created by a finite wing
– Induced drag coefficient is added to overall drag
• Landing Gear Analysis
– Used deflection to gain an understanding of the
bending that can be expected during landing
• Stability
– The center of gravity is located in a neutral point
– With increasing payloads the plane maintains a
positive static margin
Phase III Questions (cont.)
• Explanation of Graphs
– Takeoff calculations done in excel
– Using takeoff velocity, stall velocity, and ground
roll distance
• One Pound Force used in Analysis
– Using a force of 15mph wind perpendicular to the
tail creates a force of 1.3 pounds
• Ease of Assembly and Manufacturing
– Difference in thickness of trailing edge
– Ability to make changes in internal workings
Revised Payload Prediction
• Grass runway instead of concrete
• Higher coefficient of rolling friction
• Grass takeoff requires long takeoff distance,
reducing payload that can be lifted in 200 ft.
• Calculations showed reduction of 2 lbs’
• Expecting more reduction due to unforeseen
factors such as terrain and length of grass
Payload Prediction Graph
Ground Roll Distance vs. Velocity
300
Ground Roll Distance (ft.)
250
200
Runway Takeoff
150
Maximum Ground Roll
Grass Takeoff
100
50
0
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
Takeoff Velocity (ft/s)
a mean
g
 ( )[T  D  Fc * (W  L)]
w
2
VT 0
Sg 
2 * a mean
Flight Controls
• 8 Servos Used
• 1 servo per aileron and flap located in wing
• 1 for each elevator located at rear of the
fuselage
• 1 for the throttle
• 1 for the rudder and
front wheel
Flight Control Sizing
• Two approaches
• Used largest value from following calculation
and table
Fabrication – Wing Structure
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Constructed using 38 ribs
Ribs cut using Eppler 423 template with a X-Acto knife
Ribs connected using a system of spars
One spar at the leading edge, one at 25% of the cord
and five separate spars along the trailing edge
• Flaps and ailerons will be attached to the trailing edge
with hinges
• Holes will be drilled for bolting to fuselage
• Entire wing structure covered in Monokote using heat
gun
Fabrication - Wing Structure
Fabrication - Fuselage
• Front cowl made of balsa
• Firewall behind cowl made of plywood
• Center section of fuselage constructed with a
cargo opening, balsa walls, and plywood floor for
structural rigidity
• Supports added to the center section for rigidity
and to allow mounting of the wing
• Rear of fuselage built from ribs tapering in size
• Fuselage covered in Monokote
Fabrication - Fuselage
Fabrication – Tail Plane
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Two main components vertical and horizontal tail
Vertical tail cut from balsa wood
Rudder attached to rear with hinges
Horizontal tail made from 12 ribs cut from NACA
0012 template
• Three spars will connect ribs
• Vertical stabilizers will be connected to the rear
using hinges
Fabrication – Tail Plane
Fabrication – Landing Gear
• Salvaged from previous years
• Front Landing Gear – commercially purchased
strut with spring to absorb impact
• Rear Landing Gear – Aluminum stamped into
horseshoe shape
• Steel cable attached between two rear wheels
• Rear landing gear bolted to fuselage
• Front landing gear attached to allow rotation for
steering
Fabrication – Landing Gear
Fabrication Schedule
Updated Budget
Item
Estimated Cost
Available
Final Cost
SAE Membership
$40
No
$40
R/C Controller
$200
Yes
$0
Engine w/ muffler
$180
Yes
$0
Propeller
$20
Yes
$0
Tires/Axle
$10
Yes
$0
Batteries
$20
Yes
$0
Servos
$266
No
$266
Push Rods
$10
Yes
$0
Fuel Tank
$5
Yes
$0
Balsa
$150
No
$150
Epoxy
$30
No
$30
Monokote
$80
Yes
$30
Misc.
$100
No
$100
Total
$1,111
$616
Plan for Phase V
• Parts have been ordered
• Fabricate aluminum templates to cut the balsa
wood ribs
• Use materials currently in the storeroom
• Contact RC pilot to test model when finished
• Complete aircraft by beginning of April
ME 424 Phase IV Nugget Chart – Performance Testing & Design Improvement
Title: Heavy Cargo Lift Plane
Team Members: William Gerboth, Scott Munro, Jonathan Landis, Harold Pahlck
Advisor: Professor Siva Thangam
Project #: 3
Date: 2/18/10
• Project Objectives
• Design and build an airplane that conforms to the SAE
competition rules and regulations.
• Plane must navigate a 360 degree after taking off from
within a 200 foot runway, and then land successfully on a
runway of 400 feet.
• Constraints of 55 total pounds and a height, width, and
length of 200 inches must be followed.
• Prototype Performance Testing
• Each component of the assembly will be constructed
individually of the others rather than doing several in
succession.
• Changes can be made to one component rather than
needing entire sections to be rebuilt.
• Design Improvement
• Sample airfoils will be constructed to asses lift force and
stability by using the wind tunnel.
• Revising takeoff runway location to grass reduces our
payload.
• Inner support structures will be added for rigidity.
• Rubber tires will be used to help absorb some of the impact
of landing.
• Results Obtained in the Semester
• Height of 12 inches, Length of 68 inches
• Wingspan of 120 inches, Chord length of 12 inches
• Eppler 423 airfoil for main wing
• NACA 0012 airfoil for tail wing
• Coefficient of lift max = 1.4
• Propeller of 14” diameter x 4.5” pitch
• Takeoff distance = 190 at 46.5 ft/s and 25 pounds
Final Drawing and Illustration