Transcript Document

Summer Remediation
World History II
SOL 2 & 3
SOL 2: Renaissance
• Renaissance rebirth of classical writing of
Greece and Rome.
• Spread from Italian city-states to Northern
Europe.
• Growth of humanism.
– new emphasis on the power of human reason
– individualism & independence
– growth of secularism
From looking at this map, what country did the
Renaissance start in? Where did it spread?
• Renaissance ArtistPainted Sistine
Chapel and sculpted
la Pieta and David
• Father of Humanism
– Francesco Petrarch
– Michelangelo
• Most famous
Christian humanist
– Erasmus
• Renaissance playwright
and writer of sonnets
– William Shakespeare
• Renaissance artist –
Painted Mona Lisa and
Last Supper
– Leonardo da Vinci
• Invented Printing
Press, helped spread
Renaissance ideas
– Johannes
Gutenberg
What are these
works and who
created them?
• What is this?
• Who invented it?
• What impact did it
have on society?
• Printing Press
• Johannes Gutenberg
• Increase in printing of books
and literacy (the ability to
read)
• Spread the ideas of the
Renaissance and
Reformation
What are these
works and who
created them?
The Protestant Reformation
I. PROTESTANT – Someone who protests against the
Catholic Church.
II. REFORMation – A demand for change;
improvement.
III. Protestant Reformation begins when the church
caused protesters to say…
Indulgences – Certificates that
lessen the punishment for sin.
I. Church sells “forgiveness” to make $.
II. Angers Merchants
Merchants – want Usury
I. Lending money and charging interest.
II. Catholic Church condemns usury.
Absolute power and wealth of
the church.
I. Church becomes increasingly powerful
throughout Middle Ages.
II. As power increases, so does corruption.
III. Pope is in charge
IV. People desire change
Domination of the church by
Italians.
I. Centered in Rome – Italians Rule
II. Non-Italians (German, French, English) are
mad.
Martin Luther
I. Three main ideas, all of which are…
Faith saves people – not good
works.
I. Catholic Church – salvation by following
church.
FOLLOW THE
CHURCH
=
SALVATION
FOLLOW THE
SAVIOR
=
SALVATION
Ultimate authority for
Christians – Bible
I. Catholic Church – ultimate authority is the
Pope.
=
ULTIMATE
AUTHORITY
Nobody is more important in
God’s eyes.
I. Catholic Church – Pope is most important,
then clergy, then laity (regular people).
God
Pope
God
Cardinal
Archbishop
Bishop
Priest
Laity (Average Citizens)
People
WHII. 3 Reformation
• Reformation – splitting of the Catholic Church
into different Christian sects such as Calvinism,
Lutheranism, and Anglicanism.
• Martin Luther began the reformation with the
posting of the 95 theses which protested the
sale of indulgences.
– Split Germany between Protestant north and
Catholic south
– Questioned the authority of the church
John Calvin
I. His ideas hit the church with a…
Predestination – God choses
those who go to Heaven
I. Catholic Church – Good works get you
heaven, not God.
II. Calvinism – Belief in Calvin’s teachings (God
predestines (choses) those who go to
Heaven).
Our moral lives reveal if we’re
chosen by God
I. Catholic Church – Amount of works reveal
salvation.
FOLLOW THE
CHURCH/ GOOD
WORKS
=
SALVATION
BE CHOSEN BY
GOD/ HAVE FAITH
=
SALVATION
Work ethic that honors God
I. Catholic Church – Follow the Church and its traditions.
II. Calvinism – If you are chosen by God, you will
demonstrate a work ethic that honors Him.
John Calvin believed in predestination
and theocracy.
King Henry
VIII
I. When it comes to the Anglican Church, he was
Divorce: Henry wants one, Pope
says NO!
I. Catholic Church – Absolute power; overrules
the King.
Give me a
divorce, Pope!
No, Henry! It’s
against church
law!
Anglican Church – Henry is in
charge; so long Pope!
I. Catholic Church – loses authority in England.
The Anglican Church is now
the Church of England, and I
am it’s leader.
Decline in Catholic land and
wealth in England.
I. Catholic Church – Declining power across
Europe
WHII. 3 Reformation
• Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I made the
Anglican Church the Church of England
and defeated the Spanish Armanda =
strengthened England.
• Reformation lead to religious tolerance
and was spread by the printing press.
WHII.3 Counter-Reformation
• Reform the Catholic
Church to stop the
spread of
Protestantism.
• Jesuits – created to
spread Catholicism.
• Church did not want to
give up authority or
control.
WHII.3 Counter-Reformation
• EDICT OF NANTES – FREEDOM FOR
FRENCH PROTESTANT
(HUGUENOTS)…LATER REVOKED!
• INQUISITION – Catholic Court for
Heretics!
• COUNCIL OF TRENT – Organized
Catholic Doctrine
WHII.3 Counter-Reformation
• JESUITS – Catholic Missionaries;
established many colleges.
• JESUITS - spread Catholic beliefs,
Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits
(Society of Jesus) in hopes of keeping
believers within the faith.
• Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of
the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to
a political conflict.
Reformation
•
First to ever break away from • Combined Catholic and
Protestant to come up with
Catholic Church, German monk,
Anglican Church
faith
– Elizabeth I
– Martin Luther
\
• God predestines certain people • Broke away from Catholic
Church because of divorce
to go to Heaven
– Henry VIII
– John Calvin
• French Catholic, changed
the focus of the 30 Years
War to political from
religious
– Cardinal Richelieu
• Founded the Jesuits
– Ignatius Loyola
• Catholic order that spread the Catholic
Religion.
-- Jesuits
The ideas of the Renaissance spread from
Italian city-states to 
a.
b.
c.
d.
northern Africa.
South America.
southern Asia.
northern Europe.
Which name is correctly matched with a box in this
diagram?
a. Leonardo da Vinci in box 1
b. William Shakespeare in box 1
c. Machiavelli in Box 2
d. Michelangelo in Box 2
In addition to humanism, what other
influences shape Renaissance artists and
thinkers?
a.
b.
c.
d.
style of art by the Byzantine Empire
works of classical Greece and Rome
state patronage of the arts
Glorious Revolution in England
Which famous Renaissance artist painted
a portrait of a merchant’s wife, known as
the Mona Lisa?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
Petrarch
These studies focusing on classic Greek and Roman
texts were of major importance during the —
a. Catholic Reformation
b. Italian Renaissance
c. Glorious Revolution
d. Industrial Revolution
Which idea is most associated with John Calvin?
a. Ultimate authority comes from the Bible.
b. People are equal before God.
c. Salvation depends on faith alone.
d. Fate is determined by predestination.
Which statement completes this diagram?
a. Priests gave up positions of leadership in their community.
b. Nobles decided to abandon the beliefs of Christianity.
c. Beliefs encouraging religious toleration became widely
accepted.
d. New religions that rejected the authority of the Pope were
established.