Transcript 17.4 – The Reformation Continues

17.4 – The Reformation
Continues
• Influential in the spread
of Protestantism
• 1536: Publishes the
Institutes of the
Christian Religion
– Summary of Protestant
beliefs
• View men & women as
sinful by nature
• Believed in
predestination: God
knew who he was going
to save or “elect”
• Teachings = Calvinism
John Calvin
Calvinism Spreads
• Ideal government:
Theocracy
– Religious leaders rule
• 1540s: rules city of Geneva
– a “model city”
– Strict: No bright clothing or
card games; religion classes
– Brutal punishments
• 1559: John Knox (Scotsman)
follows Calvin’s teaching =
Presbyterians
• Calvinism spreads
throughout Europe
– France: Calvinists =
Huguenots
– Catholics kill 1000s of them
• Protestants: Bible
source of all religious
truth
• Baptized those only
enough to decide
• Viewed church & state
to be separate
• Refused to fight wars &
share possessions
• Persecuted by Catholics
& Protestants
– Forerunners of
Mennonites & Amish
– Influence the Quakers &
Baptists
Anabaptists
Women
• Reforms & renaissance
ideas = more influence
from women
• Many protect reformers
– Marguerite of Navarre
saves John Calvin
• Katherina von Bora
(Luther’s wife)
– Mothers children, manages
finances, cooked meals,
supports Luther
– Pushed for women to have
equal marriage roles
• Beginning of the modern
woman
• Millions stayed with the
Catholic Church
– Aid cause through reforms
= Catholic Reformation
• Ignatius of Loyola =
Reformer from Spain
• 1522: Spiritual Exercises
– Daily plan of meditation,
prayer, & study
• 1540: Pope creates the
Society of Jesus = Jesuits
– 1) Found schools in Europe
– 2) Convert non-believers
– 3) stop spread of
Protestantism
Catholic Reforms
Reforming Popes
• Reforms of Pope Paul III
– 1) Investigated
indulgences & abuses
– 2) Approved Jesuit order
– 3) Uses Inquisition to
seek out heresy
– 4) called the Council of
Trent
• Reforms of Pope Paul IV
– Carries out the council’s
decrees
– 1559: Draws up list of
dangerous books to the
faith
– Orders books to be
burned
• 1545-1563: Catholic
bishops & cardinals
establish doctrines
• Agreed upon doctrines:
– Church’s interpretation
of the Bible was final
– Salvation = faith & good
works
– The Bible & traditions
guided Christian life
– Indulgences were valid,
but couldn’t be false
Council of Trent
Legacy of the Reformation
Religious & Social Effects
Political Effects
• Protestant churches flourish
• New denominations
develop
• Catholic Church is stronger
as a religious entity
• More emphasis on
education
• Colleges & universities
established
• Women mostly limited to
concerns of home & family
= some new roles
• Catholic political authority
declines
• More power for monarchs
& states = the modern
nation-state
• 1600s = power sought
through war, exploration, &
expansion
• Lays the groundwork for the
Enlightenment