Transcript Catholic Counter-Reformation

CATHOLIC REFORMATION
The REAL Reformation
On the transition from
Renaissance to Catholic Reformation
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The men wandering about the world included the
sort of man who says there is no God, the sort of
man who says he is himself God, the sort of man
who says something that nobody can make head or
tail of…It was one of those moments when, as Christ
walked on the water, so was Christianity walking in
the air
The Council of Trent
1545 - 1563
Catholic Reformation:
The Council of Trent
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The Church’s response
to the Protestant
Reformation
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Over 18 years there
will be 25 sessions
Catholic Reformation:
The Council of Trent
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Pope Paul III (1545 – 1547)
 Sessions
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Pope Julius III (1551 – 1553)
 Sessions
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1 – 10
11 – 16
Pope Pius IV (1562 – 1563)
 Sessions
17 - 25
Catholic Reformation:
The Council of Trent
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Sacred Scripture
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In matters of Faith and
morals, the Tradition of
the Church together with
the Bible is the source of
Catholic belief
Original Sin
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Original sin does not
destroy human freedom
and man’s ability to
cooperate with grace
Catholic Reformation:
The Council of Trent
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Symbol of Faith (Pius IV)
Canonical Scriptures
Original Sin & Justification
Sacraments
Catholic Reformation:
The Council of Trent
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Seven Sacraments officially defined
 Eucharist
– Communion Under Both Kinds, Sacrifice of the
Mass
 Penance And Extreme Unction
 Holy Orders
 Matrimony
 “If
anyone says that the sacraments of the new law
were not all instituted by Jesus Christ, or that there are
more or less than seven, or that any of the seven is not
truly and strictly speaking a sacrament, let them be
anathema (cursed, banned, condemned to hell)
The Council of Trent: Discipline Issues
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The Pope is to be more careful in choosing
Cardinals
 Why

is this addressed?
Bishops are required to live in their own dioceses
 They
are required to meet often with their priests
 Having more than one diocese is strictly forbidden
 Why
is this addressed?
The Council of Trent: Discipline Issues
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Celibacy is strictly to be
enforced
 Those
who didn’t would be
removed
 Why is this addressed?

Priests were to wear
DISTINCTIVE GARB so they
could be distinguished from
laypeople
The Council of Trent:
Documents
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A universal catechism of Catholic
beliefs will be compiled
 The
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first time that this is done
The Catechism of Trent would be
the official Catechism of the
Church until 1994
The Council of Trent:
Documents
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One set of prayers for
Mass to be said by
every priest of the Latin
rite…
The first change to the
Missal would occur in
1962 with the addition
of “St. Joseph” to the
Eucharistic prayer
First change in almost
500 years
Catholic Reformation:
Age of the Saints
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St. Philip Neri
Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier
Sts. Robert Bellarmine & Charles Borromeo
Sts. Teresa of Avila & John of the Cross
St. Vincent de Paul
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Where have we seen a stack of saints like this before???
Christendom was thus to all appearance hollowed out
from within by doubt and indifference…the difference is
that the sons were fanatical for the faith where the fathers
had been slack about it. – Chesterton
The Age of Saints:
St. Philip Neri (1515-1595)
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“The 2nd Apostle of Rome”
Started as teacher
 Engaged in prayer & works of charity
 Ordained a priest at 36
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Organized small communities for
prayer, discussion, & recreation
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Incarnational evangelization
GOAL: change Rome for the better,
draw everyone closer to Christ, allow
others to share in that joy which he
himself experienced
Known for his practical jokes
The Age of Saints:
Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier
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St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)
 Radical
conversion after reading lives of the saints
while recovering from battle injuries, became a
soldier for Christ
 Vowed life of chastity; after much prayer & study
formed Society of Jesus
 Ran this mission society from Rome while others
were out in the world
 Have
we seen this before???
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lehPjhAky6E
The Age of Saints:
Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier
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St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552)
 Originally
a teacher, but joined St. Ignatius in
his mission to spread the Gospel…bring back
the Protestants and Muslims…
 Patron of Goa, India
 Died off the shores of China…
 Give up your small dreams and come with me
to save the world…
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcuUs2US
oIg
The Age of Saints:
St. Charles Borromeo
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St. Charles Borromeo (1538-1584)
 Archbishop
of Milan in 1564
 Instrumental at Council of Trent –
basically responsible for having
written the Catechism of Trent
 Spent 20 years of his life reforming
the clergy and giving pastoral care
to his people, zealously implementing
the decrees of the Council of Trent
 Responsible
seminaries
for the modern system of
The Age of Saints:
St. Robert Bellarmine
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St. Robert Bellarmine (1542-1605)
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Joined the Society of Jesus, ordained a priest in
1570
Taught at University in Louvain & in Rome
Archbishop of Capua
Proved himself a vigorous and successful opponent
of the Protestants
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Chief work: Disputationes de Controversiis Christianae
Fidei adversus hujus temporis Haereticos – a systematic
and clear apologia for the Roman Catholic position
A new generation of Apologists…
A prominent part in the production of the revised
edition of the Vulgate,
Defended the temporal authority of the Pope,
though saw this power as indirect and limited –
DOCTOR of CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS
The Age of Saints:
Carmelite Reformers
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Ancient order that had become
lax during the Renaissance
Reformers of the Carmelite
Order
 St.
Teresa of Avila (1515-1582)
 St. John of the Cross (15421591)
The Age of Saints:
Sts. Teresa & John
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Teresa had lived a very lax
religious life
After praying before image of
Jesus scourged, she had a
conversion
 Sought the aid of a holy young
Carmelite priest: John of the Cross
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Both were persecuted by fellow
Carmelites as “traitors”
Brought before the Inquisition
 Today: they are the DOCTORS of
Prayer & Spiritual Life
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The Age of Saints:
St. Vincent de Paul (1581-1660)
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Born a peasant France
Ordained a priest in 1600
Captured by pirates in 1605
2 years a slave in Tunisia
 After converting his master, he went back to France
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Dedicated all of his efforts to the service of the poor
Lazarists (or Vincentians): priests for missionary work
 Laymen to help the poor and slaves
 Founded Sisters of Charity, 1st congregation of women
entirely devoted to care of sick and poor.
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The Defeat of Islam
Pope St. Pius V,
Don Juan of Austria,
& the Battle of Lepanto
Defeat of Islam
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Pope St. Pius V sees
this as his responsibility
to help Spain
 Part
1 – Reform of the
Church
 Part 2 – Overcome the
heresy of Islam
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Reconquista – 700-yr.
process of expelling
the Muslims from Spain
The Expulsion
of the Muslims
from Spain.
Battle of Lepanto – Oct. 7, 1571
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Goal of Ottoman Turks: take over all of
Europe
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Holy League formed by Pope St. Pius V
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Turn St. Peter’s into a mosque like Hagia Sophia
All of Europe encouraged to pray before the
Blessed Sacrament and to pray the Rosary
At the Last Gospel…There was a man sent by
God and his name was John…
Don Juan of Austria leads Christian forces to
an unprecedented victory
Marks the beginning of the end for Muslim
conquest of Europe