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New Technologies – Greener UPS
Eaton’s 9395 with ECT, ESS , VMMS , HRS ,
9395P
© 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Powering businesses worldwide
for 100 years
• Founded in 1911 by J.O. Eaton
• World Headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio USA
• Regional Headquarters in Shanghai, China; Morges,
Switzerland; Sao Paulo, Brazil
• Customers in more than 150 countries
• 2013 sales of $24 billion.
• Approx. >100,000 employees world wide
• Chairman & CEO –Alexander M. Cutler
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Eaton Electrical Market Capabilities
Structural
Solutions &
Wiring
Devices
Backup
Power
Protection
Legacy Eaton
Engineering
Services
Power Distribution
& Circuit Protection
Solutions
for Harsh &
Hazardous
Environments
Former Cooper
Control &
Automation
Lighting &
Security
Data Centers
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9395 1100 kVA
275
kVA
UPM
1100 kVA ISBM
275
kVA
UPM
275
kVA
UPM
275
kVA
UPM
9395 1100 kVA capacity
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Scalability -
The most flexible configuration for distributed bypass
up to 2200/1650kVA with 275kVA steps
MAINS
9395-550/275-HS
FI-UPM
9395-550/275-HS
9395-550/275-HS
FI-UPM
FI-UPM
9395-550/275-HS
FI-UPM
LOAD
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A + B with Eaton Sync Control
B-Side
A-Side
STS
To Dual Power
Cord Loads
To Dual Power
Cord Loads
To Single Power Loads
• Systems operate independently
• ESC provides sync reference when needed
• Preferred Source selector, automatic if ”on bypass”
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Centralised Bypass System
• UPS’s don’t have internal static bypass
• Centralised large common static bypass for all UPS’s
• Sync reference from bypass module via CAN network
or similar communications line
• Redundant CAN networks to increase reliability
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Inside the Eaton 9395-550
•
X-Slot
communication
s
•
Double-conversion
topology converter/
inverter section
•
Web/SNMP Card
•
•
8-line backlit
LCD
Redundant power
supplies
•
Redundant fans
•
Contactor output
•
UPM easy service
disconnect
•
Input circuit
breaker option
•
Top or bottom
entry
•
•
Static bypass –
continuous duty
Base with interunit cabling
ISBM Section
UPM 1
UPM 2
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Easy Capacity Test
9395
© 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Easy Capacity Test
• Energy is fed back to mains through static bypass
• All power paths including bypass tested with load
• Energy consumption is limited to losses
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Easy Capacity Test – How it works
• The Rectifier and Inverter are started up
• Voltage is provided to the output
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Easy Capacity Test – How it works
• The Static Switch is turned on
• Inverter operates in parallel and in sync with the utility
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Easy Capacity Test – How it works
• Inverter is phased forward, the difference in phase angle
causes the inverter to deliver power into the static switch
• Rectifier starts to draw power to support the inverter
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Easy Capacity Test
• Energy is fed back to mains through static bypass
• All power paths including bypass tested with load
• Energy consumption is limited to losses
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Energy Advantage Architecture
© 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Energy Advantage Architecture Message
Complementary Eaton-proprietary technologies to maximize UPS
performance & efficiency
Variable Module Management System (VMMS)
•
Maximized efficiency in double conversion mode
Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications
•
Energy Saver Systems (ESS)
•The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency
•Automatic fast transfer to double conversion mode
when needed (in less than 2 ms)
ESS Plus Harmonic Reduction System (HRS)
•
Mitigates harmonics, corrects power factor,
and balances loads when needed
Energy Advantage Architecture
•Higher system efficiency
•No compromise on reliability
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9395P Efficiency
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Energy Saver System (ESS)
© 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
How is ESS different than Eco Mode?
• Transfer time < 2ms
• Detects disturbances and responds in <2 ms
• Adaptive algorithm turns off the static switch
before the inverter and avoids back-feeding
the input in 600 micro seconds.
• Surge protection
• ESS keeps the rectifier and inverter filters
tied to the critical load bus, while the storage
capacitors and power train semiconductors
act as a peak tracking clamp, minimizing
spikes and noise and attenuating line surges
• Fault detection
• While in ESS the UPS is capable of detecting
the difference between a load fault and an
upstream short. If a load fault is detected, the
UPS will try to clear the fault/breaker by
remaining in ESS. If the fault is a short
upstream from the UPS, it will immediately
perform a forward transfer. The forward
transfer time is < 2 ms
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Utility Fault Transitions - Three Phase Outage
Source Outage
ESS Output Response
1.2 ms
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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 100KW Resistive
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common Battery
Test Description
» 1/2 cycle 0% dropout sequence
(All Phases)
» (0% is a low impedance (short)
source fault)
Source
Test Result
» 1.2ms Transfer Time (600us
detection time plus 600us SCR
clearing time).
Output
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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages Continued
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer
with 100KW Resistive Load
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Separate Batteries
Test Description
» 40 cycle 40% dropout sequence
(All Phases)
Source
Test Result
» 1.6ms Transfer Time (1ms detection
time plus 600us SCR clearing time).
Output
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 100KW Resistive
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common Battery
Test Description
» 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (phase
L1)
» (0% is a low impedance (short)
source fault)
Source
Test Result
» 1ms Transfer Time
Output
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 100KW Resistive
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common Battery
Test Description
» 12 cycle 40% dropout sequence
(phase L2)
Test Result
Source
» 1.2ms Transfer Time
Output
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued
Test Setup
• Source Channels -> 3 ,5 & 7
• Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
• Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer
with 100KW Resistive Load
• Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Separate Batteries
Test Description
• 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (Phase
L2)
Source
Test Result
• 1.6ms Transfer Time
Output
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Additional Advantages of ESS
High Alert Mode
User commands (locally or remotely) UPS to
enter Double Conversion mode for a pre-defined
time. At timeout, the unit automatically reverts to
ESS
Storm Detection Mode
UPS senses a significant number of
disturbances during a short period of time. It
automatically switches to Double Conversion
operation for 8 hours, then reverts to ESS.
Lower duty cycle for rectifier and inverter
will improve reliability and MTBF
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ESS with Harmonic Reduction System
Challenge: When operating in ESS mode, load
harmonic currents are placed directly on mains
U
supply
U
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Solution:
L1
L1
L1
L1
• ESS + Harmonic Reduction System (HRS)
utilises converters for active harmonic
correction
• System provides 275kVAR of correction
capacity per UPM
• Maintains up to 98.5% efficiency whilst
providing power conditioning
UL1
IL1
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Harmonic Reduction System adds active
power conditioning to ESS
Benefits of HRS:
•Reduces low order harmonics
up to the 11th order
•Improves PF to compensate
for leading or lagging
conditions
HRS
Harmonic Reduction
System
•No skin effect (cable heating
losses)
•Reduces penalties for poor
power
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VMMS Principle
Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS Configurations
UPS3
UPS3
UPM1
UPM2
UPM3
100%
0%
UPS1
100%
UPS2
0%
UPS1
100%
UPS2
0%
UPS / UPM load %
UPS1
Case 3
System with Eaton modular 9395
UPS and VMMS
Case 2
System with some multi-UPS
management
UPS / UPM in idle mode
UPS2
UPS3
UPM1
UPM2
UPM3
Case 1
System without any multi-UPS
efficiency optimization
UPM1
UPM2
UPM3
•
System efficiency
automatically optimized
according to load level
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9395 Variable Module Management
System (VMMS)
X
1100kVA
•
•
•
•
•
•
LOAD
X
X
X
X
1375kVA
Increases efficiency on low load level
Redundancy and load sharing in UPM level
Scalability, UPM units can be set on idle mode when load decreases
X = UPM units on stand-by mode on 1100kVA load (N+1 configuration)
X = UPM units on stand-by mode on 1375kVA load (N+1 configuration)
Number of redundant UPMs can be set
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VMMS Principle
• VMMS maximizes % load of each UPM
• Optimizing overall system efficiency
100%
95%
EATON UPS
System Efficiency gain
thanks to 9395 and VMMS
LEGACY UPS
System Efficiency gain
using legacy UPS efficiency
optimization
90%
85%
Higher Efficiency
with 9395 and
VMMS
80%
20%
% load of each UPM in Case1 when
using Eaton 9395 UPS without VMMS
% load of each legacy UPS in Case1
(no multi-UPS efficiency optimization)
40%
60%
% load of each UPS in Case2
(legacy UPS with some multiUPS efficiency optimization)
80%
100%
% load of each active UPM in
Case3 when using Eaton
9395 and VMMS
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ESS with VMMS Double Conversion
Data Centre
with Dual
Corded
Servers
50% of Load
ESS 99%
Efficiency
“A”
ESS on “A”
Single or
Dual Source
“B”
VMMS > 93%
Efficiency
X
50% of Load
VMMS on “B”
•
> 3% efficiency improvement over existing double conversion only approach
• ESS 99% efficiency for 50 % of the system load
• ACS >93% efficiency for 50% of the system load
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Double Conversion backup for 100% of system load
For dual source – no need for down stream static switch
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Hot Sync
BladeUPS, 9X55, 9390 & 9395
© 2008 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Hot SyncTM
• An adaptive approach using control algorithms.
• Hot Sync™ takes advantage of the relationship which
exists between the phase angle displacement between 2
or more UPS modules.
• Each module measures ΔP over two successive cycles,
then self adjusts phase angle (by adjusting frequency) to
control sync and assume more or less load.
• The adjustments progressively reduce in magnitude until
load is stable and equilibrium is achieved.
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Back feed protection
•
A shorted bypass SCR can paralyse whole system
•
Likelyhood increases with higher number of static switches
•
Backfeed protection with a shorted SCR detection
•
IEC62040-1:2008 Amendment 1:2013
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