Transcript Brief vita - huji.ac.il
Part 3
The
PIC
Model: Ways of Implementation
This Presentation Will
Demonstrate interactive career-planning system based on the
PIC
model
MBCD
- an Internet-based Discuss the desirable features of Internet-based career –planning systems, and examine the extent to which
MBCD
conforms to these features Discuss the importance and implications of computer-assisted career-guidance systems for career counseling 2
Reminder
Career decision-making is a complex process which many people find difficult to carry out General decision-making models adapted to the unique features of career decisions can facilitate the process Ped solution:
The
P I C
model
which separates the CDM process into 3 distinct stages:
- Prescreening - In-depth exploration - Choice
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But still…
Career decision-making requires collecting a vast amount of information
Luckily, Information and Communication Technologies are available.
The use of a computer-assisted career guidance system based on the theoretical model can help overcome cognitive limitations.
There are several computer-assisted career guidance systems available, most of them on the Internet.
One of them is
MBCD
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MBCD
Making Better Career Decisions
MBCD
is an Internet-based career planning system that is a unique combination of a career-information system a decision-making support system an expert system designed to help deliberating individuals make better career decisions The dialogue is divided into distinct stages, corresponding to the
P I C
model stages 5
MBCD
’s Goals
Advancing the user ’s career decision-making by locating a small set of promising occupational alternatives on which s/he may focus and collect more detailed information.
Increasing the user ’s readiness and motivation to make a career decision. Presenting a practical model of career decision making that can be implemented in future career decisions as well as other decisions. 6
Target Population
High-school students who are exploring future career options.
Young adults studying or considering to study in college or university and have to select a major or field of study. Graduates of colleges and universities who are deliberating about what kind of job they would like to pursue.
People interested in a career transition or a “second (or third) career ”. Individuals interested in going through a systematic career decision-making process, even if they are not currently facing a career decision. 7
A demonstration of
Making Better Career Decisions
http://mbcd.intocareers.org
Collaboration between
Yissum
and The Hebrew University
Intocareers
The University of Oregon 8
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MBCD
’s Key Features
MBCD
includes 28 career
factors
which make it possible to carry out a detailed comparison between the characteristics of occupations and the user's preferences 10
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MBCD
’s Key Features (cont.)
Separating importance of factors from within-aspect preferences a) b) Eliciting both facets of the individual ’s preferences: the optimal level additional levels that the user regards as acceptable (reflecting the user ’s willingness to compromise) 13
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MBCD
’s Key Features (cont.)
Each occupation is characterized by a range of levels within each aspect, reflecting the within-occupation variance.
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MBCD
’s Key Features (cont.)
The system provides detailed feedback and recommendations according to the user ’s input and its effect on the search results The dialogue is flexible and the users can change their responses at any point 20
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MBCD
’s Key Features (cont.)
Promising alternatives are located by the Sequential-Elimination search model (Gati, 1986). But the user can also use a compensatory model-based search.
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Compensatory-model-based search
Goal – locating the most compatible occupations Rationale - advantages of occupations may compensate for their disadvantages Steps of the compensatory search Sum the gaps, weighted by importance of factors Locate occupations with minimal sum of gaps 27
The Conjunction of the Two Lists
Sequential elimination-based list
Conjunction list
Compensation based list Users are advised to focus on the occupations that were included in the recommended list of both search models in the in-depth exploration 28
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MBCD
’s Key Features (cont.)
Options to check the quality of the list of “promising occupations”, including: “Almost compatible occupations” (i.e., sensitivity analysis) “Why not” “What if” “Similar occupations” “Compare Occupations” 30
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MBCD
’s Features (cont.)
Initial in-depth explorations is offered by detailed occupational descriptions 35
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The Outcomes of the Dialogue
The user receives three lists of recommended occupations: Sequential-elimination-based list Compensation-based list A list based on both models (conjunction) 38
MBCD
’s Features (cont.)
At the end of the dialogue
the user receives a printed summary to take along for further processing of the information. The printout also provides information for the counselor.
The user ’s preferences are saved under a personalized code for future interactions. 39
Computer-Assisted Career Counseling: Problems and Solutions in MBCD Desirable Features Considering abilities and skills – when and how?
Providing
guidance
concerning the process
Possible Solutions
Begin
with “What am I looking for?” and continue with “Can I actualize it?”
Find out
which abilities the individual prefers to use
Focus on factors instead of alternatives, recommend factors to be considered, dealing with compromises and uncertainty
Eliciting aspirations and preferences while encouraging compromise
Begin by eliciting an optimal level and then ask the user for additional acceptable levels s/he is willing to compromise on
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Computer-Assisted Career Counseling: Problems and Solutions in MBCD Desirable Features
Possible Solutions
Providing relevant and accurate information about
:
potential alternatives, their characteristics, training
The apparently accurate image of the data versus its unique “ soft ” character
Use qualitative labels (which imply subjectivity) rather than numerical or quantitative ones (which imply accuracy)
Dealing with within occupational variance
Use a range of levels to describe each occupation instead of only one characteristic level
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Computer-Assisted Career Counseling: Problems and Solutions in MBCD Desirable Features
Possible Solutions
Monitoring the dialogue Overload of information Providing truly personal feedback
Assess quality of inputs Appraise the process Evaluate the outcome
Use graphics that
highlight
the relevant information
Monitor the dialogue and evaluate the quality of the user ’ s input as well as its outcomes. Provide real-time feedback
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Computer-Assisted Career Counseling: Problems and Solutions in MBCD
Desirable Features
Possible Solutions
Guiding the user toward additional sources of information
on the Internet and elsewhere
Directing the user to face-to-face counseling when needed
informative summary of the dialogue
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The Roles of Counselors
Providing help before, during and after surfing career-related Internet sites: Evaluating the client's readiness to use the system Preparing the client for it Accompanying the client while using the system Analyzing the dialogue to increase clients ’ self understanding 44
The Roles of Counselors
Being familiar with sites, evaluating their quality, and incorporating relevant sites into the repertoire of tools used Devoting more time to their unique roles (e.g., emotional aspects of career decisions, resolving conflicts between incompatible preferences) 45
To sum up, we discussed:
A general framework for career decision making – the PIC model MBCD – a unique combination of career information system, expert system, and a decision-support system Dilemmas of computer-assisted career counseling, and the ways they are dealt with by the MBCD The incorporation of the MBCD in the counseling process 46
The next session will address the million dollar question:
Does it really work?
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