Transcript Slide 1

16
Chapter
16 Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases Diseases
Chapter
Sexually
Transmitted
Contents
 Section 1 Common Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
 Section 2 HIV and AIDS
 Section 3 Preventing Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Fact or Fiction?
Is this statement true or false? If you think it is false,
explain what is true.
• Birth control pills protect females against most
forms of STDs.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Content Vocabulary
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS)
human papillomavirus (HPV)
genital warts
pap test
syphilis
chlamydia
chancre
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
latent
gonorrhea
fetus
genital herpes
hepatitis B
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Content Vocabulary
trichomoniasis
pubic lice
yeast infection
urinary tract infection
jock itch
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Sexually transmitted diseases can cause a
variety of problems, like blindness, infertility, and
even death.
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Diseases that are transmitted by way of direct
sexual contact
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• The most threatening virus is the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The virus that causes AIDS
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
is caused by the HIV virus.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A transmissible viral disease of the immune system that
creates a severe immune deficiency, and that leaves
people defenseless against infections and cancer
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Teens account for more than one quarter of all
STD cases reported in the United States each
year.
• The use of alcohol and other drugs increases the
spread of STDs by lowering inhibitions.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Many factors add to the spread of STDs including:
• Lack of health insurance to diagnose STDs.
• Lack of knowledge to recognize signs of STDs.
• Incorrect information, such as the belief that
washing after sexual contact can prevent STDs.
• Media images that do not include the
consequences of sexual behavior.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
All STDs require medical attention. Some
are treatable, but some have no cure.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• If a person suspects he or she might have an
STD, it’s important to get medical care
immediately.
• Medications can cure some STDs and lessen the
severity of others.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chlamydia
• Chlamydia threatens the health of millions of
people in the United States, but often causes no
symptoms.
chlamydia
An infection of the reproductive tract, with or
without symptoms
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chlamydia
• Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that can cause
burning during urination, a white discharge from the
penis, testicular pain, or no symptoms in males.
• Females with chlamydia may have vaginal
discharge, burning during urination, lower
abdominal pain, fever, bleeding or pain during
sexual intercourse, irregular periods, or no
symptoms.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chlamydia
• Many people with chlamydia have no symptoms.
• With or without symptoms, chlamydia can
damage reproductive organs and infect a partner.
• Experts recommend annual chlamydia screenings
for sexually active females up to the age of 26.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chlamydia
• Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause sterility
in females.
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
An infection of the fallopian tubes and
pelvic cavity in females, causing ectopic
pregnancy and miscarriages
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Gonorrhea
• Because gonorrhea symptoms are not always
evident, it is important for people who are sexually
active to be tested.
gonorrhea
A bacterial STD that attacks many
organs of the body when left untreated
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Gonorrhea
• In males, gonorrhea symptoms may include a
thick, pale yellow discharge from the penis, burning
during urination, and occasional swelling in a
testicle.
• In females, gonorrhea symptoms may include a
yellow-green vaginal discharge and painful
urination, or no symptoms at all.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Gonorrhea
• If left untreated, gonorrhea can attack the body,
causing arthritis, skin sores, and sterility.
•Antibiotics are used against gonorrhea but
combination drugs must be used when the disease
shows resistance to antibiotics.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Genital Herpes
• Genital herpes cannot be cured by antibiotics.
genital herpes
A common, incurable STD caused by a
virus that produces blisters
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Genital Herpes
Blisters from genital herpes can form:
• On or around the penis
• In or around the vagina
• In the mouth or on the lips
• On the thighs or abdomen
• Around or in the anus
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Genital Herpes
• A person without obvious sores may transmit
the virus.
• Females may not be aware of internal sores,
but a blood test can confirm if genital herpes is
present.
• The first outbreak occurs 2 to 12 days after
being infected.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Genital Herpes
• A person with the infection may feel ill with
fever, headache, muscle aches, painful
urination, and swollen glands.
• Herpes infections in newborns can cause
blindness, severe mental retardation, or death.
• Herpes is treatable (but not curable) with an
oral antiviral drug.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
• Another common STD is human
papillomavirus (HPV).
human papillomavirus
A group of over 100 related viruses, the effects
of which include genital warts and cervical
cancer
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
• Some HPV strains cause no detectable
symptoms, while others cause genital warts.
genital warts
Contagious, wart-like growths on infected
areas, caused by human papillomaviruses
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
• Once in the body, the HPV infection can
remain for life.
• There is no cure, but there are treatments for
HPV and the warts this virus causes.
• Many people have HPV but never know it.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
• A female may discover an HPV infection during
a routine Pap test.
Pap test
A test for cancer of the cervix
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
• HPV can be transmitted to genital areas not
covered by a condom. So, condom use does
not fully protect against HPV.
• In 2006 the FDA approved a vaccine to
prevent infection by four types of HPV.
• The CDC recommends that females between
the ages of 9 and 26 receive the vaccine.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Syphilis
• Syphilis is another common STD.
syphilis
A bacterial STD that, if left untreated, advances from a sore
(chancre) to flu-like symptoms, then through a long
symptomless period, and later to a final stage of irreversible
brain and nerve damage ending in death
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Syphilis
• Syphilis is transmitted by direct contact with a
chancre during sexual activity.
chancre
A hard, painless sore
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Syphilis
• During the latent stage of syphilis, there are few
outward clinical signs but the infection is silently
attacking the internal organs.
latent
A temporary period of symptomless
advancement of the disease
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Syphilis
If left untreated, syphilis advances in this order:
• A chancre forms.
• The chancre heals and swollen glands, rash, patchy
hair loss, and flu-like symptoms develop.
• Symptoms clear and syphilis enters latent stage.
• Blindness, deafness, brain damage, skin damage, and
heart disease can develop.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Syphilis
• In pregnant females, syphilis can enter the
bloodstream of the fetus and may cause severe
brain damage or death.
fetus
The developing infant from the ninth week
after conception until birth
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Hepatitis B
• A less common, but highly dangerous STD is
hepatitis B.
hepatitis B
A viral STD that causes loss of liver
function and severe liver disease
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Hepatitis B
• Once in the body, hepatitis B attacks the liver.
• Hepatitis B can be passed in the following ways:
• through unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal
intercourse,
• by sharing needles with an IV drug user,
• through tattoos and piercing with a dirty needle,
• through blood transfusions.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Hepatitis B
• Once acquired, there is no cure for hepatitis B.
• In the United States, infants receive a hepatitis B
immunization.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Trichomoniasis
• Most often, trichomoniasis is acquired by
sexual behaviors such as oral, anal, and vaginal
intercourse.
trichomoniasis
An STD caused by a parasite that can cause
bladder and urethral infections
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Trichomoniasis
• Trichomoniasis causes an unpleasant-smelling, foamy,
yellow-green or gray vaginal discharge; abdominal
pain; painful urination; or itching in females.
• Trichomoniasis can cause a watery discharge and
painful urination in men.
• Most men have no symptoms.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Trichomoniasis
• Males often unknowingly pass trichomoniasis
to sexual partners.
• Antibiotics can be effective if both partners are
treated at the same time and do not have
intercourse until cured.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Multiple STDs
• A person who has one STD may have others.
• One STD may mask another, more dangerous
STD.
• A person who contracts any STD should see a
health care provider and request testing.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Multiple STDs
• Pubic lice can be a second STD infection.
pubic lice
An STD caused by tiny parasites that breed
in pubic hair and cause intense itching
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Getting Help and Protecting Others
Medical authorities will notify anyone
who may have acquired an STD from
another person.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Getting Help and Protecting Others
• Anonymous STD testing and free treatment is
available in some clinics.
• Information about individuals, such as names, are
kept confidential.
• Sources of help include parents, school health
services, public health departments, community
STD clinics, or private doctors.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Getting Help and Protecting Others
• Anyone diagnosed with an STD must notify any
sexual partners.
• Due to medical confidentiality laws, health care
providers can only share medical records with the
patient and not with parents or relatives.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Yeast infections and urinary tract
infections are not sexually transmitted.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
• There are other common infections of the genital
and urinary organs that are not transmitted by
sexual contact.
• These infections need to be treated immediately
to maintain reproductive and urinary tract health.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Yeast Infections (Candidiasis)
• Most females acquire a vaginal yeast infection at
some time in life.
yeast infection
An infection caused by a yeast that multiplies
out of control in the vagina
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Yeast Infections (Candidiasis)
• A yeast infection, sometimes called candidiasis,
causes itching, burning, irritation, and swelling of
the outer genitals and a whitish, lumpy vaginal
discharge.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Yeast Infections (Candidiasis)
• A female who is pregnant, takes birth control pills,
has diabetes, takes antibiotics, or uses douches is
most at risk for developing candidiasis.
• Over-the-counter antifungal vaginal inserts and
creams help cure yeast infections.
• If over-the-counter treatments don’t work, seek
professional medical help.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Urinary Tract Infections
• Urinary tract infections are another type of
bacterial infection.
urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Bacterial infections of the urethra that can
travel down to the bladder and kidneys
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Urinary Tract Infections
• Most UTIs cause a strong, frequent, urgent, and
painful urge to urinate, with only small amounts of
urine actually passing.
•UTIs may cause a dull pain above the pubic bone
or blood in the urine.
•UTIs are easily treated with antibiotics.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Urinary Tract Infections
• People who get frequent UTIs may be able to
reduce the frequency by drinking extra fluids;
urinating frequently; and for females, wiping from
front to back after urination or bowel movements.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Tinea Crurus (Jock Itch)
• Tinea Cruris is nicknamed jock itch because it is
common among athletes who sweat heavily and
whose clothes stay wet for long periods of time.
tinea cruris (Jock Itch)
A fungal infection of the inner
thigh and groin
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Other Infections
Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)
• Jock itch is caused by the same fungus that
causes athlete’s foot.
• Over-the-counter medications can usually cure
jock itch.
• Prevent jock itch by staying dry, not sharing
towels with others, and not allowing clothing to
touch the floor.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary
• An incurable STD caused by a virus that produces
blisters is called __________.
genital herpes
A common, incurable STD cause by a
virus that produces blisters.
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Chapter 16 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary
• ____________ are bacterial infections of the
urethra that can travel to the bladder and kidneys.
urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Bacterial infections of the urethra that
can travel to the bladder and kidneys
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End of
Chapter 16
Section 1
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