Transcript Division of Air Quality / NJ Air Program Update - Mid

William O’Sullivan, Director
Division of Air Quality
NJ Department of Environmental Protection
Bill.o’[email protected]
1
Origin of Air Pollution Control Requirements
1.
2.
3.
4.
Federal Clean Air Act – Unlikely to change soon
Federal EPA rules – many in progress, some delayed
States – primary responsibility for attaining health standards
Regional Strategies
–
–
–
–
Needed for regional problems
Ozone Transport Commission (Example)
State Rules still needed
Interstate transport of Air Pollution – significant impacts on health
exceedances are prohibited
5. Local governments/Communities
–
–
More involvement
Cumulative impacts and EJ
6
Existing NAAQS and New Jersey Status
Primary Standards
Pollutant
CO
PM10
Designation/SIP Status
Attaining
Attainment/Last Maintenance
Plan in progress
Likely to Attain
No new Requirements
Level
9 ppm
35 ppm
New monitors
Date
1971
1971
2011
Averaging Time
8-hour
1-hour
1.5 µg/m3
1978
Quarterly Average
Attaining
Attainment
0.15 µg/m3
2008
Rolling 3-Month
Average
Attaining
Unclassifiable-Attainment
53 ppb
100 ppb and New
monitors
150 µg/m3
1971
Annual
Attaining
Attainment
2010
1-hour
Likely to Attain
Unclassifiable-Attainment
1987
24-hour
Attaining
15.0 µg/m3
1997
Annual
Attaining
35 µg/m3
2006
24-hour
Attaining
Attainment
Nonattainment/ Redesignation
requested
Nonattainment/ Redesignation
requested
0.12 ppm
1979
1-hour
Attaining
Standard revoked/CDDs final
0.08 ppm
0.075 ppm
0.03 ppm
0.14 ppm
1997
2008
1971
1971
8-hour
8-hour
Annual
24-hour
Attaining
Not Attaining
Nonattainment/CDDs final
Nonattainment
Attainment except for Warren
County
State designation
recommendations - NA for 61
municipalities in 4
counties/unclassifiable rest of
state
Lead
NO2
Monitoring Data
Status
PM2.5
Ozone
SO2
75 ppb
2010
1-hour
Attaining except for
Columbia
8
Anticipated National Ambient Air Quality Standards Milestones and Regional Haze
Standard
NAAQS
Promulgation
Date
PM2.5
35 µg/m3 daily
Sep-06
Ozone
0.075 ppm 8
hour
Pollutant
Attainment
Designations 110(a) SIPs
Demonstration/
Effective
Due
NAA SIP Due
Attainment
Date
Promulgated
Lead
NO2 Primary
SO2 Primary
CO
0.15 µg/m3
100 ppb 1 hour
75 ppb 1 hour
9 ppm 8 hour,
35 ppm 1 hour
Mar-08
Dec-09
Jul-12
Sep-09
(Done)
Mar-11
Dec-12, CDD in
progress
instead
Marginal Inventory/
RACT: Jul-14
Moderate: Jul-15
Oct-08
Jan-10
Jun-10
Dec-11
Feb-12
Aug-13?
Oct-11
Jan-13
Jun-13?
1971
NA
NA
Dec-14
Marginal: Dec-15
Moderate: Dec-18
NA
NA
Jan-14?
Maint Plan
Oct-10
NA
NA
Aug-18?
NA
CO
No change,
new monitoring
Aug-11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO2/SO2
Secondary
No change
Mar-2012
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Progress
Report
Jul-14
Dec-2018
NA
Early 2015?
2015?
2018?
2020-25?
Jul-16?
Jun-16?
Jul-19?
Jul-24?
Regional Haze
Visibility
FTS eff. Jan-09
Not Yet Promulgated-Anticipated Schedule
Proposed Jun12-13 µg/m3
PM2.5
12, Final Decannual
12?
New 8-hour
Ozone
Jun-14?
??? ppm
9
10
Recent Successes
1. Much lower Fine Particles
– Well below current NAAQS
2. Lower Ozone
– At 85 ppb NAAQS
3. Declining Air Toxics Levels
11
Challenges
1.
Fine Particles - continue improvement
– Avoid nonattainment of lower NAAQS
(Scheduled December 2012)
2.
Ozone – exceeds 75 ppb ozone NAAQS
–
–
–
3.
2015 attainment deadline for 75ppb NAAQS
Could exceed 85ppb NAAQS with hot summers (Did in 2012)
New NAAQS (60 to 70ppb) expected in 2014
Air Toxics – Risks still high
–
–
–
–
Primarily Motor Vehicles
Diesel Dominates Risk
Cumulative Risk
Disproportionate Risk - EJ
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Focus on Particles
1. Clean Data Determinations - Air Quality now better than
current NAAQS
2. Attainment Designations in progress – need to
demonstrate maintenance of the NAAQS
(10 years)
3. PM offsets - continue until redesignation
- interpollutant offsets possible
4. New NAAQS – December 2012 EPA commitment
5. Need to continue fine particle downward trend
– to avoid exceedances of new NAAQS
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New Jersey’s Multi-State PM 2.5
Nonattainment Areas
15
16
17
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Wood Smoke
1. Primary Cause of Nonattainment in Rural States
2. Growing Air Quality Problem in Northeast
3. Outdoor Wood Burners
• Neighborhood Nuisance
• NJDEP Enforcement – No visible smoke standard
4. Wood Stoves
• Draft Federal standards for new stoves
• Will not solve misuse
• Will not address existing stoves
5. NJ Suburbs and Rural Areas
• Future exceedances of health standards?
• No burn days?
• Woodstove changeout Programs?
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Sulfur Dioxide
1. Criteria Pollutant – Health and Welfare NAAQS
2. Converts to Sulfates – Major component of Fine Particles
(Precursor)
3. Causes haze – Brigantine Wildlife Refuge (Class 1 area for
visibility)
4. Causes acid rain – kills fish, damages plants and structures
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22
Sulfur Dioxide
1. NJ Dominated by Coal in 2009 (10 units)
•
•
•
•
4 Units – had scrubbers prior to 2009 (1 will cease coal use in 2015)
2 Units – ceased coal use in 2010
3 Units – scrubbers operational in 2010
1 Unit – will cease coal use in 2013
2. NJ Sulfur in Home Heating Oil Limits
•
•
•
2000 ppm now
500 ppm in 2014
15 ppm in 2016
3. Diesel – EPA Rules
• 15 ppm phased in over last 5 years
Result – Dramatic decrease in S02 and sulfates
Challenge – Coal in other states
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Out of State Powerplants
1. EPA Prevention of Significant Deterioration Cases
•
•
•
Air Pollution Control Technology Focus
Seek Best Available Control Technology
Examples – Ohio Edison, Homer City, Allegheny, GenOn
2. Clean Air Act Section 126 Petitions
•
•
•
Health Standard focus
Seek emission reduction sufficient to avoid exceedances of health
standard
GenOn Portland example
3. EPA Mercury and Air Toxics (MAT) Rules
•
Indirectly controls SO2
4. EPA Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) – Court
Overturned
•
•
SO2 – generally effective caps
NOx – not sufficient for 75 ppb ozone
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Table 1
Comparison of Allowable Short-Term Emissions between the 400 MW Coal-Fired Portland Power
Plant and the Proposed 655 MW Natural Gas Fired Newark Energy Center
Max. Allowable Emissions (lbs/hr)
Pollutant
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Particulate (TSP)
Portland
Coal Units
14,720
2,070
416.9
NEC
Gas Turbines
5.6
33.6
15.8
Normalized Max. Allowable Emissions
(lbs/MWhr)
Portland
NEC
Coal Units
Gas Turbines
36.80
0.009
5.18
0.051
1.04
0.024
Pollutant
Portland Coal Units 2007-2010
Actual Annual Emissions
(tons per year)
NEC Gas Turbines Allowable
(tons per year)
Sulfur Dioxide
29,067
19.7
Nitrogen Oxides
3,321
136.9
Particulate (TSP)
295.5
57.27
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NJ Ozone Nonattainment
28
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Number of Days Ozone Standards
Have Been Exceeded in New Jesey
2000 - 2012*
* Data through Sept 21, 2012
70
64
60
>0.12 ppm (1-Hour Max)
>0.08 ppm (8-Hour Max)
52
>0.075 ppm (8-Hour Max)
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Number of Days
45
44
41
39
40
35
36
35
34
30
30
30
23
23
23
21
20
20
18
18
17
16
14
13
11
11
9
10
4
9
5
4
3
3
0
0
0 1
1
0
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
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33
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OTC States
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Ozone Transport Commission (OTC)
Regional Control Strategies
NOx Sources:
VOC Sources:
Model Rules/MOUs:
1.
EGU’s (Oil and Gas-fired Boilers)*
2.
High Electric Demand Day (HEDD)
Turbines*
3.
New Small Boilers
4.
Stationary Generators
Model Rules/MOUs:
1.
Large VOC Stationary Storage
Tanks*
2.
Autobody Refinishing
3.
Consumer Products
4.
Architectural/Industrial Coatings
Draft Model Rules:
5.
Non-Road Equipment Idling*
6.
Natural Gas Compressor Stations
Draft Model Rules:
5.
Solvent Cleaning
(Industrial/Commercial)
6.
Paint Thinners (Consumer)
Categories Under Review:
7. Municipal Waste Incinerators
8.
Promote Energy Efficiency/
Renewable Energy
9.
Coal-fired Boilers (EPA)
Category Under Review:
7.
Stage 1 and 2 Vapor Recovery
*Existing NJ Rule Equivalent to Model Already Adopted
Mobile Sources
Significant contributors to Ozone,
Toxics, PM2.5, GHG
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Diesel Emission Reduction Efforts
1. Mandatory Retrofit Law
• In last phase – DPWs and miscellaneous on and off-road
public diesel vehicles
2. Private off-road construction vehicles
• Implementing EO60
• 175 vehicle pilot program
• Retrofits of certain engines used on state contracts
3.
Ports
• Trucks, ships, cargo handlers, cranes, trains, tugs
• NJ NY Port Authority diesel emission reduction plan
• Other ports also reducing emission (Camden, other states)
• EPA 2015 sulfur limit for oil used by ships
4. Diesel I/M Program
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Continued – Diesel Emission
Reduction Efforts
4. Stationary diesels
• NOx RACT Rules
• Cancer risk management with construction permits
• Model fine particles and NO2 NAAQS
5. Emergency Electricity Diesels
• Limited to blackouts and brownouts
• Can be used for peaking or DSM only if well controlled
(NOx and PM)
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Summary
Where Do Emissions Need to Decrease?
1. Ozone
• Vehicles – VOC & NOx
• Area Sources - VOC
• Point Sources – Out of State NOx
2. Particles
• Wood Smoke
• Diesel Engines – Especially NonRoad
• Area Sources – Small Engines
• Out of State S02 and PM
3. Air Toxics
• Diesels
• Small Neighborhood Sources
▫ Dry Cleaners
▫ Autobody Repair/Painting
• Gasoline
▫ New Vehicles
▫ Maintain Existing Vehicles
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Division of Air Quality Website: http://www.nj.gov/dep/daq/ (links to programs, regulations
and other topics found here)
Air Quality Permitting Program: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/ (applications, forms, testing
information, etc.)
Bureau of Air Quality Planning: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/baqp/ (State Implementation Plans
(SIPs), inventory, etc.)
Bureau of Air Monitoring: http://www.njaqinow.net/Default.ltr.aspx (monitoring data, NJ air
quality forecast)
Bureau of Mobile Sources: http://www.nj.gov/dep/stopthesoot/
USEPA Greenbook for Nonattainment areas: http://epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/ (nationwide
information on nonattainment areas and classifications for criteria pollutants)
USEPA State Implementation Plan Status and information:
http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/sipstatus/
ISG notices come out on AQPP Listserv. Subscribing to Listserv can be found at :
http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/listserv.html
AirNow: http://www.airnow.gov/ (air quality forecasts)
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